When the Foreign Minister of the German Empire, Albrech. Feng. After Count Ron left the room of Imperial Foreign Minister Wei Yuan with a smile on his face, the six-party talks finally reached an agreement this time. Although the Ottoman Turkish Empire and the Kingdom of Afghanistan, Egypt and the Kingdom of Najd did not express their position, the backers behind them have reached an agreement, can they still have objections?

The Ottoman Turks should be glad that it was because of the support of the German Empire that they were not completely destroyed in this war. Otherwise, the Chinese Empire would never have missed this opportunity to settle the Ottoman Turkish Empire in one fell swoop. Because it was not yet the best time to go to war with the Holy Alliance, the Chinese Empire chose not to overprovoke the German Empire.

The kingdoms of Afghanistan, Egypt and Najd were all big winners in this war. The kingdom of Afghanistan was able to expand from Persia to the eastern part of Asia Minor. In addition, they will receive 150 million Chinese dollars in war reparations, which will allow the Kingdom of Afghanistan to have enough funds to develop the economy, improve people's livelihood, and prepare for the next war. In the minds of the Afghan kings, Akbar Khan, there has always been a desire to replace the Ottoman Turkish Empire at the speed of Abdul. Majid I, who became the caliph of the Islamic world. Although we did not succeed this time, we will definitely succeed in this war if we grasp it well.

Egypt's gains were not small, they successfully became independent from the colonial rule of the Ottoman Turkish Empire, freed from the rule of the Ottoman Turkish Empire, and became an independent country. This is almost from Muhammad. A goal that Ali has been working on since the beginning. Egypt's territory also extended all the way to the lands on the eastern shores of the Mediterranean. Other than that. They will also share the war reparations of 100 million Chinese dollars, this money. It can give Egypt the strongest military power in Africa, and it can allow them to expand further in all directions. Cannibalize the Ottoman Turkish Empire's colonies in North Africa.

The kingdom of Najd received the least amount of territory and war reparations, though. However, they also contributed the least in the war. Because the entire kingdom of Najd was too weak, it only invested tens of thousands of people to participate in the war. The Kingdom of Afghanistan and Egypt, however, both threw 500,000 men into the war. Compared with their investment, the territory in the northern part of the Arabian Peninsula and the war reparations of 50 million Chinese dollars are already a lot.

On October 23, 1861, representatives of the Chinese Empire, the German Empire, the Ottoman Turkish Empire, the Kingdom of Afghanistan, the Kingdom of Egypt and the Kingdom of Najd signed a peace treaty in Limassol, on the island of Cyprus. This treaty made it possible to put an end to the war in the Middle East that had lasted for several months. Peace has once again come to the Middle East. Of course. This qiē is built on the humiliation and misery of the Ottoman Turkish Empire.

Although, the war is over for the time being. However, no one believes that permanent peace can be attained. The Ottoman Turks lost so much this time, but their roots remained. Especially after mastering the Ukrainian plain and the Balkans, as long as they can successfully absorb those two new territories, then the Ottoman Turkish Empire will be even more powerful than before the defeat. When the time comes, the Ottoman Turkish Empire will definitely want to be disgraced. So. The kingdoms of Afghanistan, Egypt, and Najd all need to be prepared. lest they be defeated in the next attack of the Ottoman Turks. In that case, the gains they have gained in this war will be completely lost. At the same time, there will be a greater cost. However, there was the support of the Chinese Empire. The Ottoman Turkish Empire wanted to defeat them, and it was not so simple. Besides, the next war. It is estimated that it will be a worldwide war. The scale of the war will be much larger than this one in the Middle East. Whether the Ottoman Empire would have won the war is difficult to say.

Imperial Foreign Minister Wei Yuan when he left the island of Cyprus. Specially met with the appearance of the Kingdom of Afghanistan, the Kingdom of Egypt and the Kingdom of Najd. Wei Yuan told them that the pace of world war was not far off. The three countries should strengthen their armament preparations. Prepare for the next war. Otherwise, if the next war cannot be won, then every qiē will be empty.

Istanbul, the capital of the Ottoman Turkish Empire, inside the royal palace of the Sultan. Ali. Pasha delivered a telegram to Sultan Abdul. Mejid I. This is Mustafa. Lester. A telegram from the Pasha. In the telegram, Mustafa. Lester. The Pasha claimed that the representatives of the parties had signed the treaty. As long as the Ottoman Turks paid the war reparations, Suliman. Pasha's army would then be able to return to Asia Minor. In order to avoid long nights and dreams, Ali. Pasha built yì Abdul. Mejid I immediately issued an order for the Ministry of Finance to pay this war reparation. After all, Suliman was surrounded by Suliman. The Pasha and his army are not in a good situation now, they lack food and clothing, and if they drag on any longer, the losses will only be greater.

Abdul. Mejid I nodded and gave the order to pay war reparations. 300 million Chinese dollars is not a small amount. However, for the current Ottoman Turkish Empire, it was nothing at all. They have not yet spent the more than 2 billion war reparations they obtained in the last war, and they can completely use them to pay this war reparations. However, Abdul. Mejid I was very aggrieved. The great empire that once spanned Asia, Europe and Africa will actually fall to this step. It's hard to believe how fast the changes are.

Abdul. Maijid I sat on the throne and meditated quietly, as if remembering the glory of the Ottoman Turkish Empire. Compared with the Ottoman Turkish Empire in the past, the current Ottoman Turkish Empire is like the sunset, and it has reached its final stage. It's very sentimental and unacceptable.

The Ottoman Turkish Empire was a state founded by the Turks, which, after being defeated by the Tang Dynasty, could no longer survive in the East. Therefore, the Turks chose to migrate westward. Later, the Mongols began to expand, and the Turks had to migrate westward again.

The Ottoman Turks originally lived in the Amu Darya River valley in Central Asia, which was actually the Khorezm region of the Republic of Uzbekistan, and belonged to the Kayi tribe of the Western Turkic Oghuz people, who were vassals of the Khwarazmia Shah dynasty at that time. Since ancient times, he has been engaged in nomadic herding and lives in pursuit of water and grass. In the 13th century, the Mongols began to expand westward, forcing them to migrate. Initially, they attached themselves to the Sultanate of Rum, founded by the Seljuk Turks, and were given a fief on the banks of the Sakarya River, adjacent to the Byzantine Empire. After the death of the tribal chieftain Ertogrul, he was succeeded by his son Osman. Following his father's tribal leader, in 1299, the Ottomans took advantage of the division of the Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm and officially declared their independence, giving the title "Ghazi", laying the foundation of the Ottoman state.

In 1326, Ottoman's son Orhan succeeded to the throne, changed his name to governor, established a standing army, and annexed most of the Sultanate of Rûm. In 1331, he wounded the Byzantine emperor and captured the city of Nicaea, where he moved its capital. In 1354, Orhan crossed the Dardanelles with his army and captured the Gallipoli Peninsula, which he used as a bridgehead for his assault on the Balkans. Orhan established the state administrative organization internally, established Diwan in the center, appointed viziers, and sent administrative and military governors and khadi to various places to mint unified coins, becoming the true founder of the Ottoman state.

It was from this that the Ottoman Turkish Empire entered the fast lane of development.

The heyday of the Ottoman Turkish Empire was after their demise of the Eastern Roman Empire. In 1453, the 21-year-old Mehmed II succeeded to the throne for less than two years, and personally led an army of 80,000 to attack Constantinople, fighting for 53 days, and finally conquered it on May 29, and moved the capital here, and the Byzantine Empire was destroyed. Mehmed II renamed Constantinople Istanbul, which means "to go up to the city" in Turkic. The conquest of Constantinople also cemented the empire's position as the hegemon of western Asia, southeastern Europe, and the eastern Mediterranean, and then the empire entered a long period of conquest and expansion, expanding its territory into Europe and North Africa. The Ottoman Empire's land expansion was largely based on its strong centralized system, military innovation, and ironclad military discipline, and the Ottoman navy played an important role in its conquests, competing for and securing the Black, Aegean, Mediterranean, Red Sea, and Indian Ocean routes in the hands of the Italian city-states and the Portuguese.

After entering the modern era, with the rise of the Industrial Revolution, many European powers became more and more powerful. And the Ottoman Turkish Empire was weakening more and more. As a result, the Ottoman Empire entered a rapid decline, and finally became the sick man of West Asia.

In 1829, with the intervention of Britain, France and Russia, Greece declared its independence after the Greek War of Independence in the thirties of the 19th century. The reforms failed to curb the rise of the Grand Duchy of the Danube and Greater Serbism, which were already semi-independent. As the old enemy of the Ottoman Turkish Empire, the Russian-Turkish wars fought between the Russians and the Ottoman Turkish Empire pushed the Ottoman Turkish Empire step by step into the abyss.

Finally, with the help of the victory in the world war, the Ottoman Turkish Empire rose again. The Ottoman Turks even thought that they had come to ZTE. However, this time the Middle East war once again caused the Ottoman Turkish Empire to fall from the clouds to the bottom. (To be continued......)

PS: The third update is here, asking for subscriptions, monthly passes and recommended tickets!