Chapter 647: Anti-Japanese Wave
PS: Mom forced me to go on a blind date, I can't push it off, I can only change it today, please forgive me, but I'm 32 years old and haven't been in love, so I don't blame my mother for being in a hurry ^_^
In Nevada, the Bar Association issued a statement saying, "If Japanese ghosts are dangerous in Berkeley, California, then they are also dangerous in Nevada." Idaho Governor Zeiss. "Japanese oni live like rats, breed like rats, and act like rats," Clark said. Kansas simply ordered the police to ban Japanese Americans from entering, and Governor Payne. Ratnay explained: "Kansas doesn't want Japanese ghosts, Japanese ghosts are not welcome. ”
Across the United States, signs in the windows of barbershops read, "Japanese ghosts come to shave, and accidents are not responsible." ”; The hotel posted a slogan "Rats, Japanese ghosts, all poisoned in this store." ”; The gas station refused to refuel the Japanese, not even water; Even public toilets are off-limits to them
Five second-generation Japanese-Americans born and raised in the United States came to New Jersey and were hired by a small farmer, who burned down the small farmer's barn and threatened to kill his young son. A second-generation Japanese woman came to Denver and wanted to worship at the church, but the pastor wouldn't let her in, saying, "Wouldn't it be better for you to go to your own Buddhist temple?" ”
Among the senior U.S. officials, John Brown, who was in charge of the defense of the West Coast. Lieutenant General DeWitt was the most hostile to Japanese Americans, openly claiming that "Japanese ghosts are Japanese ghosts, regardless of whether they are American citizens or not," but his remarks were actually consistent with the public opinion in the United States after the Pearl Harbor attack.
At the strong suggestion of DeWitt and Secretary of the Army Henry. Stimson's support. President Roosevelt, who was already too preoccupied with the global war situation to care about civil rights at home, signed Presidential Order 9066, authorizing the military to remove "relevant persons" from the military's designated "military areas" and "resettle" them elsewhere. Although the term "Japanese-Americans" is not explicitly used in the executive order, they are the ones who have been widely captured on the West Coast, and have nothing to do with other ethnic groups.
The policy of interning Japanese-Americans was widely supported, with the right-wing Hearst newspaper and columnist Westbrook Brown. Racists like Pegler wrote in the newspapers: "How can we be so nice to Japanese ghosts? They took our parking space, they were in front of the line at the post office, they took seats on the bus. Send them to a place of poor mountains and rivers to suffer and starve. Leave none behind! ”
Even Walter, who has an iconic position in the history of journalism. Enlightened people like Lippmann, and leftists like Calais. McWilliams, Wito. Marc Antonio and the editors-in-chief of the Communist Party's Daily Workers and People's Shijie agreed with such a policy. And the American Civil Liberties Union also sees detention policies as legal. Although decades later, the coalition defined the internment of Japanese Americans as "the worst violation of civil rights in American history"
None of the justices of the U.S. Supreme Court disagree with such a policy. Judge Douglas avoided saying whether it was unconstitutional, while Hugo. Judge Black held that. California is constantly threatened with invasion. The authority of the military is the highest authority. None of the ministers in the Cabinet objected. Not a single member of the Senate objected, and none of the local governors stood up for Japanese-American citizens, making their situation far worse than ever
Presidential Decree No. 9066 has only 48 hours to be executed. In other words, Japanese Americans only have this little time to take care of the household chores and end the industry and business they have been running for more than half a century. They were only allowed to carry personal clothes, their private investments and bank deposits were confiscated, even razors and alcohol were confiscated, they had no right to appeal or protest, and their total property losses amounted to hundreds of millions of dollars
On the first Monday after the decree was issued, DeWitt's order was posted on the doorstep of a Japanese-American like an anti-epidemic notice, and soon trucks drove up and soldiers shouted on the sidewalk: "Get out, Japanese ghosts!" The historian writes: this order shouted like hearing German soldiers shouting "Get out!" on the sidewalks of the Netherlands. Jewish pigs! "It's just as frightening.
The American GIs treated the babies with a simple tag for each person, just like luggage. This includes Mike, who is only 14 months old. Honda (minoru Honda in Japanese). His family ancestors came from Kumamoto and ran a grocery store near Los Angeles, and the family business was wiped out in an instant. The night they left their ancestral home, they lived in the stables of a racecourse with thousands of families of Japanese descent.
The Japanese version of the executive order was published in the Rafu Shinpao newspaper, and the newspaper was shut down, and its editors and reporters joined the detainees
Over the next six months, more than 150,000 Japanese were transported to deserted internment camps from California to Arkansas. This area is all barren land that "no one has lived in before and will never live in since", and several of them are simply located in the desert. In the process, the Japanese leaders demanded compromise from all Japanese Americans with unquestionable orders, and they led by example by moving their families in
The camp was surrounded by electrified barbed wire, patrolled by armed sentries, and the muzzles of the lookouts were pointed at the camp. They lived in "long rows of small wooden houses made of linoleum", with only a stove, a chandelier and iron hammocks. It can be said that there is no longer any private life and space to speak of.
Japanese American citizens in internment camps had to work on their own, clearing wasteland, planting flowers and making furniture from scrap wood in order to make the environment more humane. In the harsh environment, some of the elderly and infirm died, some went on hunger strikes or tried to escape and were shot, but many more showed an astonishing kind of perseverance. If history had not changed, the desperate would have become more loyal to the United States after the U.S. government adjusted its policies in the future, just like the Stockholm Syndrome patients, but in this time and space, everything is different
These camps were called forced asylum camps, which President Roosevelt never visited, but at one point he called them "concentration camps," and there were 11 such camps in the United States. Later, American history books wrote, "Those young Japanese Americans, who lived a middle-class life, were born and raised in public schools, and were no different from white people in dress, speech, and manners, and were driven out of their homes by their own "compatriots" and guarded as criminals, and perhaps it was because of this injustice that the greater tragedy would be caused in the future" (to be continued......