Guo Jia laughed, picked up Tian Fan's wine glass and drank it all, put the wine glass in front of Tian Fan, and said arrogantly: "It's full!" ”

Tian Fan rolled his eyes and filled the wine glass.

Guo Jia looked at Tian Fan's unhappy appearance and couldn't help but laugh again. After laughing a few times, he lowered his face and said, "Boguang, since I dare to say these words in front of you, I don't treat you as a villain, and I'm not afraid that you will spread it." Of course, in fact, many people know these things, but no one says it, and even if you spread it, it's not a big deal. In addition......"

He smiled and said, "No one will believe you!" ”

Tian Fan smiled helplessly and said, "That's nature." It's better not to let others know about the matter between me and you, otherwise it won't be explained clearly! ”

Guo Jia bowed slightly, did not continue the topic, he said: "Let's continue with the topic just now!" ”

Tian Fan nodded and said, "Please speak!" ”

Guo Jiadao: "Boguang, in my opinion, the world should be the world of the people under heaven, just as Mencius said. However, this is not the case today! After a slight pause, he looked at Tian Fan and continued: "What world is the world of the Son of Heaven, what is the whole world is not the king's land, and the coast of the land is not the king's minister, I believe you will not agree, and we will not go around the bend!" ”

Tian Fan shook his head with a wry smile and said: "Fengxiao, Fengxiao, I often listen to people's words, and we have a deep relationship, we haven't reached that kind of friendship yet, right?" ”

Guo Jia smiled and didn't say anything, and didn't answer, and said to himself: "Confucianism talks about the world, and the world serves the family, that is, the royal family, in my opinion, this is ridiculous!" There are trillions of people in the world, why should one person be honored and all of them should be supported by that person? It would be okay if the person we raised could think about the people of the world, but when this person regarded the people of the world as a sloppy man, should the people of the world still regard him as a parent? ”

Tian Fan looked at him and didn't answer.

Guo Jia sighed and said: "Today's world is obviously not the world of kings, and we won't talk much about this kind of Confucianism." Since it is not the world of kings, is this world the world of all people? ”

Guo Jia shook his head and asked himself: "No! Today's world...... In fact, since Emperor Guangwu, it has not been the world of kings! From then on, the world was the world of 'men'! ”

Tian Fan was stunned for a moment, only to hear Guo Jia continue: "'People' are scholars, families!" ”

Tian Fan nodded slightly, Zheng Xuan and others told him about this topic a few days ago, but he didn't expect Guo Jia to realize it.

Guo Jiadao: "The number of scholars is not large, and they may not even account for one percent, but they control more than sixty percent of the land, more than eighty percent of the wealth, more than forty percent of the population, more than ninety percent of the official positions, and more than ninety percent of the officials. They have already controlled the whole world in their hands, and no one, not even the emperors of previous dynasties, can shake their position. ”

After a slight pause, he said: "Boguang, a few years ago, you once wrote to Uncle Liu Huang, and a recruitment order made the world a sensation. I just don't know, the effect is good? ”

Tian Fan shook his head a little heavily, and said, "The effect is not good!" Most of the people who came to Xuzhou because of the recruitment order were children of the family, and many of them did not have too good skills or too good virtues. After coming to the Recruitment Hall, there are already several talented people who have not been awarded the official rank, but have been discovered by me, and I think there will be more misses! Chen Changwen has always been responsible for this matter, and it is not surprising to me that it has been made into what it is now. ”

Guo Jia nodded and said, "Chen Wenchang is a native of Yingchuan, and he is a fellow countryman with me...... I'm kind of familiar with him, it's just ...... Hehe, this person...... Behind his back, he is not a gentleman, and I don't comment on him. Well, as you said, Changwen is responsible for recruiting talents, and the recruitment hall can indeed recruit many talents, but it will inevitably miss many people! ”

After a slight pause, he looked at Tian Fan and said, "Do you know why?" ”

Tian Fan smiled slightly and did not answer.

Guo Jia didn't care, he smiled and said: "Boguang, there is a sentence in the recruitment order, this sentence makes Meng De introduce you as the first confidant in his life, do you know that sentence?" ”

Tian Fan thought for a while and said: "But if you want your talent, not your virtue, I can get it and use it!" ”

Guo Jia nodded again and again, and said, "That's exactly the sentence!" Meng De recalled to me that after he saw this sentence, he shouted three times in a row, and asked his relatives to serve wine and dry three bowls in a row! It can be seen that this statement won the heart of Mengde! ”

Tian Fan smiled and said, "Meng De is a person who is eager to seek talent!" ”

Guo Jia said: "Not bad! But, Boguang, do you know the true meaning of 'talent' and 'virtue'? ”

Tian Fan was stunned for a moment, and asked rhetorically: "What does Feng Xiao mean by this?" ”

Guo Jia said with a smile: "With Boguang's cleverness, the word 'talent' is naturally known. But what does 'virtue' mean? What is 'virtue'? Why did people in the past examine whether a person could be an official, first examining his 'morality' and then his 'talent', or even ignoring his 'talent'? ”

Tian Fan Chen thought for a while, and said with a smile: "Please tell me bluntly, I can't figure out this matter!" ”

Guo Jia nodded slightly and said with a smile: "Boguang, it's not that you can't figure it out, but ...... You don't think about it! ”

After a slight pause, he continued: "The word 'virtue', taken literally, is morality. Those who have 'virtue' are naturally morally noble and can be a model for the world. However, where is the criterion for judging 'virtue'? Who can judge? ”

Without waiting for Tian Fan to answer, he went somewhere else.

"Everyone envies those who are in office, why? Because being an official is not bullied, being an official has fine clothes and food, horses to ride, a deep gate and a high court, and a beautiful wife. What is envied by others often becomes the object of learning from others. And a person's goal, in his opinion, must be correct and good!

Therefore, in the eyes of the people, those who are officials are special people, so why are they special? According to Confucianism, it is because they have 'virtue'! Even if there is no 'virtue', others ...... That is, those who slap them up can also come up with some reasons to make you 'virtuous'. And those who envy you will also believe that you have 'virtue'! ”

Probably thirsty, Guo Jia took a sip of Tian Fan's wine glass again, and then continued: "The word 'virtue', as the standard for officials, began in the Han Dynasty, to be precise, after Dong Zhongshu pushed Confucianism to the peak during the period of Emperor Wu and deposed the hundred schools. Among the hundred schools of thought, the reason why Confucianism can occupy a dominant position lies in his loyalty to the monarch and filial piety. And the highest standard of filial piety is precisely loyalty, in fact, loyalty and filial piety are one and two, two and one problem.

"The system of promotion and appointment and dismissal of officials in my Han Dynasty is the probation system, and this system will sit together, and if the promoted officials are not qualified, the recommender will bear the corresponding responsibility. At a time when Confucianism was dominant, the word 'virtue' seemed to be the most important criterion for judging officials. Emperor Guangwu was okay before, because the family at that time was not too powerful, and most of the people promoted by the officials were from poor families, and most of them were people with 'virtue'. After Emperor Guangwu, the Han Dynasty was already ruled by the family, but the promotion of officials was still a simple inspection system.

"Because of the fear of joint sitting in the probation system, because of the fear of joint sitting, when the officials promoted people, the situation has changed. If you don't think about talent, then you naturally have to consider the person's 'virtue'. But what kind of person is 'virtuous'? ”

Guo Jia looked at Tian Fan, saw that he didn't mean to answer, smiled slightly, and continued: "There are two kinds of people who have 'virtue', one is the person who does have 'virtue', they are indeed noble morals, loyal and patriotic, brothers, friends and brothers, father and son filial piety, can be a model for the world. Second, it is natural that his own family has 'virtue'! By extension, people from a family have 'virtue'! The former does not have the risk of being co-ordinated, because they are indeed qualified and have enough capital to become officials, either they are virtuous people, even if they can't be good officials, at least they won't get into trouble, or they are people with both ability and political integrity. And the latter...... The big family rules the world, and they have formed a huge network of relationships, and if they cover each other, they will not be at risk of being coordinated. ”

Tian Fan couldn't help nodding, what Guo Jia said was indeed very reasonable.

Guo Jia saw Tian Fan nodding, his heart relaxed a lot, he smiled, and continued: "For a period of time after Guangwu, the family was still relatively conservative, and the officials selected were at least a little bit old, at least they were decent children of their own family, but with the continuous growth of the family, their standards for selecting officials were getting lower and lower, until the Yellow Turban Rebellion, the officials could no longer look at it, and there were many officials who had neither talent nor virtue. ”

After a slight pause, he said: "Back to the previous question, what is 'virtue'?" The word virtue is no longer a few words in a book, no longer a few words in a book, it has become a sword in the mouth of the family! With the sword of morality in hand, you can take advantage of it. Many people with 'virtue' look like people on the surface, and they steal and prostitute women behind their backs, which is no longer uncommon.

"What is the criterion for judging 'virtue'? In fact...... I don't know what the word 'de' is! But I know that the standard for judging this word is in the hands of the big families, they say that if a person has 'virtue', this person has 'virtue'! The judgment of 'virtue' has become a tool for the family to maintain its interests! ”

Tian Fan had a feeling of seeing through the clouds, he bowed slightly, and said: "I understand, the standard for judging 'virtue' has changed from a few words and a few sentences in the book to the right to speak in the hands of the family, that is to say, public opinion!" The big family controls public opinion, and when ordinary people don't know a person, their right to speak is the criterion! Say you have it, you have it, and you don't have it. Say you don't have it, you don't have it, you don't have it! ”

Guo Jia smiled: "Incisive! Boguang's words should be a big white! ”

As he spoke, he picked up Tian Fan's wine glass and drank it all.

Tian Fan glared at him, speechless at this rascal, and there was nothing he could do.

Guo Jia put down his wine glass and said: "This concept has been formed for more than 100 years, and most of the current children of the family are deeply influenced by it. Therefore, it is not difficult to understand what Changwen did! ”

Tian Fan nodded yes. A person's mind is deeply influenced by his or her education, and if an idea is instilled in a person from an early age, it will be difficult to reverse it when he reaches adulthood. Just like a wise man like Zheng Xuan, he was deeply influenced by the family's thoughts since he was a child, and always believed that the family's rule of the world was correct, until after the Yellow Turban Uprising, he had a trace of touch, and it took him more than ten years to fully figure it out.

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