The reorganization of the Imperial Army in 1912

1912 Reconstitution of the Imperial Army

A. From 1912 to 1915, the reorganization of the national army was completed within three years.

(b) All units of the Standing Army shall complete mobilization within seven days after the issuance of the mobilization order, the first batch of national defense reserve forces shall complete the mobilization within 14 days of the issuance of the mobilization order, and the second batch of national defense reserve forces shall complete the mobilization within 28 days after the mobilization order is issued.

(c) By 1915, the following arrangements were to be completed:

1. Standing Army

The Praetorian Guards include: the 1st-5th Praetorian Division, the Imperial Capital Division, and the 1st-4th Battalion of the Praetorian Guard.

The standing forces of national defense include: the 1st to 24th Infantry Divisions, Army Instructors, the 101st to 115th Light Infantry Divisions, the 1st to 16th Cavalry Brigades, armored brigades, and several aviation wings.

The Standing Army has a total of 46 divisions (including 15 light infantry divisions and 2 special divisions) and 20 cavalry brigades.

The Marine Corps attached to the Navy has a total of five integrated divisions and a number of detachments.

other

It is planned to complete a number of independent standing artillery regiments, including:

Several separate siege artillery regiments (equipped with 460 mm mortars, 420 mm, 380 mm, 305 mm super-heavy howitzers)

Several independent train artillery regiments (equipped with 305 mm and 210 mm train heavy field guns)

Several independent heavy howitzer regiments (armed with 210 mm and 150 mm heavy howitzers)

Several independent heavy field artillery regiments (equipped with 210 mm, 150 mm, 105 mm heavy field guns)

A number of separate heavy mortar regiments (armed with 320 mm, 240 mm and 160 mm heavy mortars)

Several separate medium mortar regiments (armed with 120 mm and 80 mm medium mortars)

The total strength of the independent artillery is about 50,000 people.

It is planned to set up 60 independent engineer battalions: 482 people per battalion. The total strength is 28,920 people.

It is planned to set up 80 independent transport battalions: each battalion has a battalion headquarters of 40 personnel in peacetime and 442 personnel in wartime. The total strength is 3,200 in peacetime and 35,360 in wartime.

The above field and field auxiliary forces were about 1.2 million before mobilization, and can reach about 1.3 million after mobilization.

In addition, there are about 200,000 servicemen on active duty in headquarters organs at all levels, logistics organs, training institutions, army hospitals, military academies and scientific research institutions, border defense units, and army garrison units.

The total number of active-duty military personnel in the army in peacetime is about 1.4 million.

2. Reserves

The first batch of national defense reserve units includes: the 37th-50th Reserve Infantry Divisions, the 121st-136th Reserve Light Infantry Divisions, and the 21st-30th Reserve Cavalry Brigades. There are 30 divisions (including 16 light infantry divisions), 10 cavalry brigades, 40 reserve engineer battalions and 60 reserve transport battalions, and a number of reserve railway troops. The total strength is about 750,000.

The second batch of national defense reserve units includes: the 51st-62nd Infantry Divisions of the Reserve Integrated Infantry, the 141st-158th Division of the Reserve Light Infantry, and the 31st and 32nd Cavalry Brigades of the Reserve. A total of 30 divisions (including 18 light infantry divisions), 2 cavalry brigades. In addition, there are a number of reserve field railway troops. The total strength is about 650,000.

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That is, the Imperial Army can mobilize 106 divisions (including 60 reserve divisions) and 32 cavalry brigades (including 12 reserve cavalry brigades) within 4 weeks, with a total of 2.7 million field troops.

D. In 1912, the new establishment of the Army Standing Army was as follows (regardless of the Janissaries and the Wehrmacht)

1. Summary of the formation of infantry platoons to infantry divisions

1. Infantry platoon [45 people] [equipped with 1 light machine gun, 1 grenadier, 43 rifles, 4 pistols]

Jurisdiction:

3 infantry squads [1 squad leader, 1 squad deputy, 10 soldiers, a total of 12 people] [with rifles 12]

Platoon headquarters [1 platoon commander and 1 platoon deputy, 2 communications soldiers, 1 three-person light machine gun group, 1 double grenadier group (with 16 grenades), a total of 9 people] [4 with pistols, 7 rifles, 1 light machine gun, 1 grenadier]

2. Infantry company [180 people] [equipped with 2 60mm mortars, 5 light machine guns, 3 grenadiers, 161 rifles, 18 pistols]

Jurisdiction:

3 infantry platoons [45 people*3]

Company [14 personnel] [see Appendix 1 for establishment] [2 pistols, 12 rifles]

1 machine gun squad [14 people] [1 squad leader, 1 deputy squad, 3 people 60 mortar team 2, 3 people light machine gun team 2] [60 mortars 2, light machine guns 2, rifles 10, pistol 4]

1 stretcher detachment [none in peacetime, deployed by superiors in wartime depending on the situation]

Supply class 1 [17 people] [rifle 10]

Squad leader 1

Coachman 8 [Cooking Carriage 2, Baggage Carriage 6]

Cook 4

Barber 1

Shoemaker 1

Harness Division 1

Custodian 1

3. Infantry battalion [900 in peacetime, 932 in wartime] [2 37mm rapid-fire/sniper infantry guns, 8 60mm mortars, 4 heavy machine guns, 12 grenadiers, 21 light machine guns, 775 rifles, 100 pistols]

Jurisdiction:

4 infantry companies [180 people*4]

Battalion headquarters [40 personnel] [see Appendix 1 for establishment] [1 light machine gun, 23 rifles, 12 pistols]

1 machine gun company [82 personnel] [see Appendix 2 for establishment] [2 75mm infantry guns, 4 heavy machine guns, 60 rifles, 14 pistols]

1 battalion replatoon [50 people] [with 48 rifles, 2 pistols]

1 battalion clinic [8 people in peacetime, expanded to 40 people in wartime]

1 stretcher team [not available in peacetime, deployed by superiors in wartime]

4. Infantry regiment [3,167 in peacetime, 3,327 in wartime, excluding stretcher squadrons] [the whole regiment is equipped with 6 75mm infantry guns; 6 37mm infantry guns, 24 60mm mortars, 12 heavy machine guns, 37 grenadiers, light machine guns*, 2561 rifles, 68 submachine guns, 339 pistols]

Jurisdiction:

3 infantry battalions [900*3]

Regiment Headquarters [56 men] [see Appendix 1 for establishment] [26 rifles, 11 pistols]

Regimental infantry artillery company [94 men] [equipped with 6 new 75mm infantry guns, plus 72 rifles and 8 pistols]

1 guard platoon [45 people] [43 rifles, 1 machine gun, 1 grenadier canister, 4 pistols]

1 reconnaissance platoon [40 people] [28 submachine guns, 12 rifles, 2 pistols]

1 communications platoon [40 people] [24 rifles, 2 pistols]

1 combat engineer platoon [42 people] [40 submachine guns, 2 flamethrowers, 4 pistols]

1 Baggage Company [134 people] [102 rifles, 8 pistols]

1 regimental medical center [16 people in peacetime, expanded to 80 people in wartime]

1 stretcher squadron, none in peacetime, and deployed by superiors in wartime depending on the situation

5. Infantry Brigade under the jurisdiction of the division: [6,484 in peacetime, 6,804 in wartime]

Jurisdiction:

2 infantry regiments [3167*2]

1 brigade headquarters company [150 people] [see Appendix 1 for establishment] [1 light machine gun, 1 grenadier]

6. Integrated (heavy) infantry division: [21,438 in peacetime, 22,528 in wartime] [The whole division is equipped with 36 75mm field guns and 18 105mm light howitzers; In addition, there are 24 75-mm infantry guns, 26 37-mm infantry guns, 104 60-mm mortars, 175 grenadiers, heavy machine guns, and 304 light machine guns.

Jurisdiction:

2 infantry brigades [6484*2]

Division Headquarters [380 personnel] [see Appendix 1 for establishment]

1 divisional artillery brigade [2,604 personnel] [see Appendix 2 for establishment] [with 36 75-mm field guns and 18 105-mm light field guns]

1 baggage regiment [1396 people] [with 5 light machine guns, 3 grenadiers]

1 engineer regiment [1,516 men] [20 light machine guns, 12 grenadiers, including 3 combat engineer companies, armed with submachine guns, flamethrowers, machine guns and grenadiers]

1 divisional guard battalion [900 people] [2 37-mm infantry guns, 8 60-mm mortars, 12 grenadiers, 4 heavy machine guns, 21 light machine guns]

1 cavalry battalion or mechanized cavalry battalion [730 people]

1 communications battalion [442 people]

1 machine gun company [174 people] [12 counterweight machine guns]

1 division ordnance factory [248 people]

1 divisional field hospital [80 personnel in peacetime, expanded to 500 divisional field hospital in wartime]

2. Light infantry division: [13,737 in peacetime, 14,477 in wartime] [The division is equipped with 24 75-mm mountain guns and 90-mm light howitzers; In addition, there are 18 75-mm infantry guns, 18 37-mm infantry guns, 78 60-mm mortars, 120 grenadiers, 48 heavy machine guns, and 207 light machine guns.

3 infantry regiments [3167*3]

1 divisional artillery regiment [1,470 people] [see Appendix 2 for establishment] [2 battalions with a total of 24 75 mm mountain guns, 1 battalion with 12 90 mm light howitzers]

1 division battalion [380 people]

1 machine gun company [174 people] [equipped with 12 heavy machine guns]

1 guard company [180 people]

1 communication company [134 people]

1 reconnaissance battalion [686 people] [1 cavalry company or mechanized cavalry company (176 people), 2 reconnaissance companies (180 people*2 people), 1 balloon platoon platoon (60 people, several balloon observation/proofreading), 1 battalion headquarters platoon (40 people), 1 supply platoon (50 people)]

1 baggage battalion [586 people]

1 engineer battalion [482 personnel] [including 1 combat engineer company, armed with submachine guns, flamethrowers, machine guns and grenadiers]

1 division ordnance station [104 people]

1 divisional field hospital [40 in peacetime, expanded to 300 in wartime]

3. Cavalry Brigade: [2,900 in peacetime, 2,964 in wartime]

3 cavalry battalions [730 people] [each battalion has 4 cavalry companies, each cavalry company has 4 cavalry platoons, each cavalry platoon has 42 people, and the cavalry company headquarters has 8 people, and the cavalry battalion headquarters has 26 people]

1 brigade headquarters company [94 people] [Note: including 32 people from the veterinary clinic and the sick horse factory]

1 mounted artillery battalion [330 men] [3 75mm cavalry field artillery companies, 80 men and 6 guns per company] [18 75mm cavalry field guns, artillery with four portable artillery wagons or disassembled and loaded]

1 machine gun company [94 people] [12 counterweight machine guns (wheeled gun mounts, which can be towed directly, carried by horse-drawn carriage or carried by mule and horse)]

1 baggage company [134 people]

1 armory station [42 people]

1 regimental medical center [16 people in peacetime, 80 people in wartime] [equipped with a portable medical carriage]

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Appendix 1: Establishment of command organs at all levels

(1) Company establishment of 14 [12 rifles, 2 pistols]

Company Commander 1

Company 1

Secretary 1

Trumpeter 1

Flag-bearer 1

Herald 5

Sanitary Corps 2

Orderlies 2

(2) The battalion headquarters has 40 men [equipped with 1 light machine gun, 23 rifles, 12 pistols]

Battalion commander 1

Battalion deputy 1

Staff Officer 5 [1 each for Director, Training, Intelligence, Personnel, Supplies] [Pistol 5]

Accounting 1

Instrument 2

Flag Bearer 1 [with pistol]

Trumpeter 1 [with pistol]

Communication class 9 people [with 2 telephones, 2 pistols, 7 rifles]

Guard squad 12 people [rifle 11, machine gun 1, pistol 1]

Cook 2

Duty Squad 5 [Rifle 5]

(3) The regimental headquarters has 56 [26 rifles and 11 pistols]

Regiment Commander 1 [with Adjutant 1]

Regiment deputy 1

Staff Officer 5 [Sub-Director, Training, Intelligence, Personnel, and Supply Section] [Pistol 5]

Regimental quartermaster 1

Accountant 1 person

5 clerks

Flag-bearer 1

Trumpeter 1

Regiment veterinarian station 8 people

Gendarmerie squad 12 people [1 pistol, 11 rifles]

Cook 4

Duty squad 15 people [rifle 15]

(4) The brigade headquarters has an establishment of 150 people

Infantry Brigade:

Brigade Headquarters:

Brigadier 1 [Adjutant 1]

Deputy Brigade Commander 1

Chief of Staff 1

Brigade Staff Headquarters [divided into five sections: operations, training, intelligence, firepower, and supply, with a total of 10 personnel]

Brigade Quartermaster 1

Accounting 1

Instrument 5

Orderlies 24

Medical Officer 1

Medic 3

Cook 6

Wireless communication class [2 radio stations, 1 carrier pigeon, 10 people]

Field telephone platoon [6 telephones, 20 people]

Guard platoon [45 people]

Supply Platoon [20 people]

(5) The division headquarters has an establishment of 380 personnel

Division Commander 1 [with Adjutant 1]

Deputy Division Commander 1

Chief of Staff 1

Deputy Chief of Staff

The division's staff department has eight divisions for training, intelligence, quartermaster, ordnance, personnel, military law, finance, and general affairs, with a total of 16 officers, 3 accountants, and 8 clerks

There are 16 members of the divisional military band

180 members of the gendarmerie company

90 people in the Veterinary Hospital (including the sick horse factory).

There are 12 people in the canteen of the division headquarters

The order platoon is 50 people

Appendix 2: Establishment of fire support units at all levels

(1) Battalion-affiliated machine gun company [82 people] [equipped with 2 37mm rapid-fire/sniper infantry guns, 4 heavy machine guns, 60 rifles, 14 pistols]

Subordinate:

Company [14 people] [12 rifles, 2 pistols,]

1 infantry artillery squad [16 people] [2 37mm infantry guns, 12 rifles, 4 pistols]

Machine gun platoon 1 [32 people] [4 counterweight machine guns, 24 rifles, 6 pistols]

Supply platoon 1 [20 people] [12 rifles, 2 pistols]

(2) Regimental infantry artillery company [94 people] [equipped with 6 new 75mm infantry guns, 72 rifles and 8 pistols]

(3) Artillery Brigade of Light Infantry Division [1470 people] [with 24 75mm mountain guns in 2 battalions and 12 90mm howitzers in 1 battalion]

Jurisdiction:

2 75mm mountain artillery battalions [382*2] [2 companies per battalion with a total of 12 75mm mountain guns] [134 men per artillery company]

1 battalion of 90mm light howitzers [422 people] [2 companies of each battalion with a total of 12 90mm light howitzers] [154 men per artillery company]

1 brigade headquarters company [70 people] [equipped with 12 carriages, 24 horses, 8 horses]

1 ordnance platoon [40 people] [8 carriages and 16 horses]

Observation platoon: 1 [40 people]

1 baggage company [134 people] [with 50 carriages, 100 horses, 10 horses]

(4) Artillery brigade of the integrated (hoplite) infantry division [2,604 people] [with 36 75mm field guns in the 2nd battalion and 18 105mm light howitzers in the 1st battalion]

Jurisdiction:

3 75mm field artillery battalions [576*2] [18 75mm field guns per battalion] [154 men per artillery company]

1 105 light howitzer battalion [736 people] [18 105 mm heavy field guns (cannons) per battalion] [Note: 105 mm howitzers with nine artillery vehicles] [174 men per artillery company]

1 brigade headquarters company [70 people]

1 artillery observation company [194 people] [with horses, carriages, motorcycles, cars, observation balloons, etc.]

1 brigade heavy battalion [452 people]

E. Establishment of the Reserve Army and the Standing Army of the Allied Powers:

Company: 2 light machine guns, 2 60mm mortars, no grenadiers. Allies none.

Battalion: 2-4 heavy machine guns per battalion, no infantry guns. Allies are the same.

Regiments: 2-4 75mm infantry guns or old 57mm mountain guns/rapid-fire guns per regiment. Allies none.

Consolidated Division: 36 75mm field guns/mountain guns and old 57mm mountain guns/rapid-fire guns per division. Allies are the same.

Light Division: 24 75mm field/mountain guns and old 57mm mountain/rapid-fire guns per division. Allies are the same.