Chapter 39 Grain Shortage Hurts Farmers
In the past, except for Gu Junxun who was awarded the title of Mrs. Chongguo with Lin Binding, Liu Miaozhen was awarded the title of "Mrs. Qianguo" because of the special merits of leading the Huaiyang Army to attach; The other daughters were not officially awarded because of their status as concubines.
Lin Tie inherited the mandate of heaven by Jiuxi, opened the prelude to the governance of the government, inherited Zhou Li, Liu Yue'er, Sun Wenwan, Su Mei, and Xiaomei were awarded the title of "Mrs. Yuan"; The Zuo sisters and Irie Ayakori also had an affair with Lin Tie and were named the world's wives.
All the daughters live in the inner house of the Guogong Mansion and get along well, only Liu Miaozhen has been sitting in Xuzhou for a long time, and there is no way to get close to the daughters; is the only one who has Liu Miaozhen's unique career and experience, which also makes Xiaoman in awe of her.
When Lin Jian was in Haizhou in May, Liu Miaozhen became pregnant, and she began to become pregnant in September, and she could no longer bear the heavy daily military affairs.
At the same time, Lin Jian intended to set up the Northern Command, and incorporated the Huaiyang Army, the Fengli Army, the Jinghai Sea Division, the Denghai Town Division, the Haidong Xingying Army, the Second Town Division of the Cavalry Battalion, and the Second and Second Town Divisions of the Jingjiang Water Division into the sequence of the Northern Army for unified command.
The Northern Command set up a commander-in-chief, and Lin Jian personally led it, so he first transferred Liu Miaozhen to Haizhou to serve as the deputy commander-in-chief of the Northern Command, mainly to raise a fetus, and made Gao Zongting also lead the staff of the Northern Army, presiding over the overall coordination of the Northern Army, and the veteran Wu Qi served as Gao Zongting's deputy.
Subsequently, according to the terrain of the troops in Shandong, Lin Jian divided the entire northern army into east and west.
Tiao Ning Zechen went out of the town of Xuzhou and replaced Liu Miaozhen as the commander of the Huaiyang Army.
In addition to the Huaiyang Army, Lin Jian also transferred the Second Town Division of the Cavalry Battalion and the Second Town Division of the Jingjiang Water Division to form the Northern Western Front Army with Xuzhou and Huaiyang as the core, with a total strength of 80,000 troops, responsible for the defense area from Xinyang in Huaixi in the west to Yishui in the east. In addition to Ning Zechen as the main general, Tang Fuguan, who had made outstanding achievements in battle, was also promoted to be the deputy commander of the Huaiyang Army and the commander of the first town division of the Huaiyang Army, and assisted Ning Zechen to preside over the Northern Western Front Army together with the staff officer Ma Xingyuan (Ma Lantou), the inspector of the school Yushi (military discipline envoy), Li Wei, the governor of Xuzhou, and the commander of the second town division of the cavalry army, Li Liang, Chen Kuili, Geng Quanshan, etc.
The Fengli Army gradually assembled on the Eastern Front and with Haizhou as the center, forming the Northern Eastern Front Army with the Fengli Army, Jinghai Division, and Denghaizhen Division as the core, and incorporated the battles east of Yishui and north into the Yimeng Mountains, the attack on Chexian Pass, and the attack on Shandong from the sea.
Liu Miaozhen was not suitable to preside over military affairs for the time being, and Lin Jian asked Gao Zongting to temporarily lead Feng to leave the army as an envoy, and promoted Zhang Gou, who had made outstanding military achievements, to serve as a staff officer, and Ge Cunxin, Yang Shi, Chen Zhen, Chu Zheng, Han Caizhi and other generals to preside over the Northern Eastern Front Army together.
This is not a major change from the eastward strategy of the Eastern Front, which Lin Jian implemented from the beginning.
The biggest change is that because of Liu Miaozhen's pregnancy, Lin Jian had to adjust the main generals of the eastern and western fronts, and he also had to personally go to Haizhou to sit in the town and directly command the military operations of the northern eastern front army.
Liu Miaozhen is pregnant, and Lin Jian can only go to Haizhou to sit in person. Rushing Xiaoman to shout that he was tired of sitting in Jiangning's deep house for a long time, Lin Jian brought Su Mei and Xiaoman to Haizhou together.
Xiaoman was naturally very excited to be able to follow Lin Tie to Haizhou to supervise the army, but she was a little unsteady in her heart, worried that others would accuse her sisters of obstructing the military and politics; The closer Linhai Prefecture is, the more she is afraid that Liu Miaozhen will be dissatisfied with her sisters' entourage.
Lin Jian looked at the field outside the car window and smiled at Xiaoman's worries.
The implementation of the new policy will take time to take deeper roots, Lin Lian has no intention of launching a large-scale northern expedition against Yanhu before the year after tomorrow, he went to Haizhou, nominally as an overseer, but in fact to steal a few days of leisure; Again, Lin Jian just wanted to see if the public council, the Privy Council, and the military staff could hold up the situation in Jiangning after he left Jiangning.
Moreover, although Lin Jian escaped from Jiangning and handed over all normal military and political affairs to the Privy Council and the Military Staff for disposal, the bundles of official documents and official letters every day were constantly chased by clippers and fast horses from behind.
Lin Jian wants to be lazy, but he can't, even if he approves "read" on these official letters and official documents, he always has to find someone to help him roughly browse them. During this period of time, it is also the season of autumn grain harvesting and winter grain sowing, and the political affairs in most regions still revolve around farming, and government affairs are obviously extraordinarily cumbersome.
piled bundles of official documents on Song Jia's head, Lin Jian was still a little reluctant, Xiaoman's heart couldn't calm down, Su Mei was good at trivial affairs - even if Xiaoman didn't come out with him this time, Lin Jian wanted Su Mei to accompany him to Haizhou to share some official duties.
At dusk, the escort horse team entered Guanyun City, southwest of Haizhou. Everything is simple, and Lin Jian has already ordered that Gao Zongting and others are not allowed to leave the garrison area to greet them, and only asked the personnel of the Internal Health Department to be responsible for living, eating, and living along the way.
After entering Guanyun City, Lin Jian only occupied the entire post house for a temporary stay, and summoned Zhou Wenyun from Guanyun Zhixian County to ask about things.
Lin Jian didn't want to stop and fight in Guanyun City, but when he saw that the autumn harvest in the south of Guanyun had ended, and the local government did not organize people to build roads and canals after the autumn harvest, he stopped to inquire about the political affairs of Guanyun County.
Zhou Wenyun was born as a Jinshi in the Chongguan period, fifty years old, with a goatee and a little white.
"At this time, the acres of irrigated cloud fields are enough to raise the mouth and pay taxes in full; And no matter how much grain there is, it is not a good thing that the grain will hurt the peasants; Moreover, according to the Privy Council's writings, after the autumn and winter, the weather is cold and the ground is freezing, and the peasant households are forcibly requisitioned to go up the river to build embankments, and the lives and money are lost, and the households are unwilling, and the lower officials dare not force them......"
Lin Jian had a calm face, put his hand on the table, and listened to Zhou Wenyun sit down and talk eloquently.
The new policy is still forcibly promoted by the Privy Council, and it is effective, but there are also some complex and serious problems in Zhufu County.
Zhou Wenyun is an elm-brained official, Lin Jian has not encountered it before, and the remark that "enough grain hurts farmers" is not the first day I heard it. For such officials, it is useless to beat them, and it is useless to scold, but they will make them think they have a long face.
In the eyes of these officials, the peasant households were only worthy of eating coarse grains and omnivorous, and only worthy of wearing coarse kudzu and rough hemp.
Except for the forest binding, who can clearly understand that in order for the whole society to form a preliminary industrial system and a higher-level material production system, it is first necessary to ensure an adequate supply of grain and ensure that the grain production efficiency is raised to a certain height.
In fact, the level of agriculture in the world, at least in the Jianghuai region, is enough to ensure the development of new industries such as industry and mining.
A young farmer can easily cultivate ten acres of land, even without the help of oxen. Based on ten acres of double-cropping fields a year, the annual harvest of 30 stone grain, one person can cultivate enough food for six or seven people for a year.
In fact, in the pre-Qin period, it was still dominated by bronze ware, and in the mode of slash-and-burn farming, one husband was granted 100 acres of land (100 acres of land in the pre-Qin period was counted as 30 acres of land at this time). In the present world, with the help of more sophisticated iron farming tools and a more adequate level of animal power, in Xusi and other tun areas with sufficient land, a young and strong laborer could generally complete the task of cultivating 30 mu of land per capita, and he could still be taken out to repair roads and dig ditches and other industrial affairs during the slack season.
At present, most of the Central Plains controlled by Jiangning has a population of only about 50 million, and the per capita land occupied is relatively sufficient.
In other words, there is no need to import any high-yielding crops such as corn and potatoes from the Americas. As long as the double-cropping farming method of double or even triple cropping a year is honestly popularized in the plain areas of Jianghuai, Zhejiang, Fujian, etc., the surplus grain produced will be enough to be consumed by a huge primary industrial system.
Although the tradition of double cropping of winter wheat and summer rice or winter cotton summer rice, double cropping or even triple cropping in a year has existed for a long time in the Jianghuai, Zhejiang, and Fujian regions, it is still very small because of the limitations of waterlogged fields that are not suitable for planting cotton and wheat, and the dry land that is not suitable for rice planting, and because of the limited ability of traditional peasant households to transform their fields.
In the plains, it is not as difficult as imagined to promote double or even triple cropping in a year, but it is also not as easy as imagined – the key is to have a sound irrigation and drainage canal system.
This work must be presided over by the local government, and the scattered peasant households are absolutely unable to complete it.
Therefore, among the many new policies, one of the more core is that the local government should organize local peasant households to build roads, improve transportation, and build water conservancy facilities in various forms such as work-for-relief, work-for-tax, and work-for-tax in the agricultural slack season, so as to transform more fertile land for replanting that is not affected by drought and flood.
The benefits of this work can be seen from the effect of Lin Lian's early years in Chongzhou to overhaul water conservancy and expand the multi-cropping cultivation method.
Most of Chongzhou's five counties used to be actually Chongzhou, and the population of the entire region has nearly doubled in the past decade. Within the five counties of Chongzhou, there is no farming, but the population engaged in new industries such as industrial and mining and maritime trade has reached as much as 250,000.
It is under this circumstance that the grain produced in Chongzhou, in addition to being consumed within the country, has the ability to export nearly 2 million stone of grain every year.
If the entire Jianghuai region, as well as eastern Zhejiang and eastern Fujian, can reach the same level as Chongzhou, and only the eastern coastal areas can maintain the existing primary system of industry, mining, commerce and trade, they should be able to export surplus grain of up to 20 million stone every year.
This should have been a new deal and good governance that should be vigorously promoted in all aspects, but when it came to Zhou Wenyun, it became "enough grain to feed the mouth and pay taxes in full, and any more grain will hurt the peasants, and enough grain will hurt the peasants".
The local government has levied grain taxes and taxes on peasant households, and has realized the use of silver as a substitute for grain. Therefore, every time the land is levied, the rice and grain are concentrated on the market, resulting in a sharp drop in grain prices, so there is a saying that "grain is enough to hurt farmers".
It's just that this kind of truth is only floating on the most superficial surface, but it represents the mainstream cognitive level of the Confucian scholars in the world.
Of course, in addition to keeping the grain for self-consumption, all the grain produced by the peasant households must be used to pay rent and pay taxes, which will naturally create the illusion that "enough grain hurts the peasants" -- but in fact, this "sufficient grain" is thousands of miles away from the sufficient supply of grain that Lin Jian expected.
After the new field tax, the basic land tax was classified as a source of revenue for the local government, so there was no problem of the central government extracting tax money from the prefecture and county agriculture. However, the local government's collection of basic land tax will be able to avoid the harvest period, and the "grain shortage hurting the peasants" caused by the centralized listing of grain will be greatly alleviated. In some areas, it is even possible to build a flat market warehouse and collect grain taxes from peasant households at official prices, so as to avoid damage to the interests of peasant households, and at the same time ensure that the localities can have sufficient surplus grain reserves.
In addition to paying taxes, farmers will also have enough grain to exchange for new cloth, iron porcelain, paper and pencils, and other items. Grain can be stable and high-yielding, and in addition to eating fine grains, coarse grains can also be used to feed livestock and supplement the shortage of meat......
Traditionally, people eat more mutton and less pork, because sheep can be fed with grass and do not compete with others for food, and although pigs also eat pigweed and river algae in spring and summer, they cannot completely stop supplying feed.
Lin Tie promoted pig breeding in Chongzhou, mainly because the captive breeding method can accumulate fertilizer, and the increased grain can eliminate part of the consumption of feed. In fact, the wheat bran, bean dregs cake and other things used as feed for pigs in Huaidong are simply the staple food of the poor in other places.
In the Jianghuai Plain, where agriculture is developed, pigs are not raised, but sheep that simply raise grass are the main source of meat, how much meat can be provided? In order to raise pigs on a large scale for meat, it is necessary to have an adequate and stable supply of surplus food in the region.
The proportion of large livestock such as cultivated cattle and mules and horses in the Jianghuai region is actually directly related to the surplus of grain supply. If there is no large area of pasture, and if you want to raise a large number of horses, there is a problem of competing with people for food.
When an area has insufficient food supply, it is naturally impossible to raise horses; The surplus of supply is sufficient, and there is no need for the central horse administration to forcibly promote, and the number of horses raised by the people will increase greatly.
These truths, Lin Tie asked Chen Huazhang to organize a pen, use the restructured post newspaper, repeatedly publicized, ran to Guanyun Zhi County, and blocked a solid sentence with a fluttering sentence of "grain enough hurts the peasants", which made Lin Tie so depressed that he lost all the good mood in the past few days.
Guanyun County used to belong to Huai'an, and it was only recently included in Haizhou, but I didn't expect that in Huaidong, where the new policy was implemented most widely and deeply, and Zhou Wenyun was such an elm pimple, which made Lin Jian cry and laugh, he also deeply felt that it was not easy to implement the new policy.
There is no way, at this time, there are more than 700 counties under the rule of Jiangning, which are under the jurisdiction of more than 100 prefectures, and there are nearly 900 chief seal officials at the prefect and county level alone. In addition, the auxiliary officials and assistants of the prefecture and county yamen and various departments, as well as Lin Lian's intention to set up township departments and inspection departments below the prefecture and county level to strengthen his control over rural society, Lin Jian planned that the bureaucratic contingent of the new empire would be expanded to about 80,000 or even 100,000 people.
Although Lin Jian has been vigorously strengthening the training scale of the new government officials, the number of them is still far from enough to carry out a complete blood change of the bureaucracy in the whole country at present.
In addition to the core prefectures and counties, a large number of ordinary prefectures and counties, Lin Jian had to appoint old officials to govern, and it was in these places that the new policies were most resisted.