The intelligence of the Han people is beyond the reach of ordinary humans.

With thousands of years of civilization accumulation and genetic evolution, if it weren't for Cheng Zhuli's creation of his nation's stupidity, it would be fundamental.

The Han people will not gradually fall behind the West in the natural sciences, and Moxue has been practiced since the Spring and Autumn Period.

And now Zhu Youzhen is the first to advocate sacred science, which naturally makes the upsurge of Han people studying natural sciences begin to reappear.

Just like later generations, as long as it is not Jianyu who has done the country, the Han people really engage in natural science, and their ability to accept and create is no worse than that of the West.

Now, since the seventeenth year of Chongzhen, with the implementation of policies such as the opening of the sea ban and the ban on road introduction, as well as the patent system and intellectual property protection.

In addition, Emperor Zhu Youzhen himself also likes it.

The scientific and technological development of Daming has already changed with each passing day.

And because the new education has been implemented for 18 years, outstanding scientific and technological talents who have graduated several times have been enriched into various industries in the empire.

The arithmetic of the Ming Dynasty has developed to the era of analytic geometry and calculus, physics has now begun to enter the study of electromagnetism and optics, chemistry has begun to dabble in organic chemistry, and biology has entered the age of cells.

Xu Yin is a pioneer in electricity in the Ming Dynasty, he graduated from the Ming Industrial School, and has participated in the research of electricity.

He has now invented an electrostatic reservoir similar to the Leyden bottle, which he directly named "capacitor" by combining a metal conductor with a glass bottle and water.

And because of the invention of his capacitor, many electrical experiments were carried out in Daming.

At the same time, it also led many Ming researchers to take it for granted that since Xu Yin could collect electricity with metal conductors, after all, the capacitors invented by Xu Yin did not have much electricity and were not enough to do many electrical experiments, so they thought about using metal bodies to collect more electricity.

In the end, Zhu Youzhen had to reiterate that he could not directly use lightning to collect electricity.

The researchers of the Ming Dynasty used Xu Yin's capacitors to conduct electrical experiments, and thus began to believe in the theory of positive and negative charges proposed by Shengxue.

At the same time, they are starting to know how to make some materials positively charged, some materials negatively charged, and which ones are insulators.

As soon as the positive and negative charges appeared, the electrical researchers of the Ming Dynasty began to follow the theory of Shengxue to make the positive and negative charges touch, so as to find that the positive and negative charges would produce sparks after they were close to a certain distance.

What Xu Yin is now studying is how to use this spark to make what the sacred doctrine calls an electric lamp, that is, to use the voltage generated by positive and negative charges to drive electrons to generate electricity, so as to cause the resistor to heat up and produce light.

The foundations of the natural sciences are established on the properties of the basic material structure.

And all the laws of nature are also the result of microscopic particles such as electrons, atoms, and molecules.

And these microscopic particles make up the elements, and the elements make up the substances that we can observe with the naked eye.

This is also the reason why Zhu Youzhen had to teach the periodic law of the elements in Daming at the beginning after he crossed over.

The periodic law reveals the discovered microparticle composition of each element and the different properties due to the different microparticle composition.

These laws have been summarized by researchers through hundreds of years of research experiments.

For example, the law of electron distribution is summarized by researchers creatively using probability science and using hydrogen atom as a reference.

Therefore, the microstructure of the elements is based on the hydrogen atom.

Zhu Youzhen did not let the Ming researchers do experiments one by one, spending hundreds of years summarizing these laws, and also creatively used probability and image targeting technology to obtain the distribution laws of particles.

This allowed Daming to save hundreds of years of time to enter the era of the Industrial Revolution.

Of course, Zhu Youzhen did not prevent some curious people in China from refuting these natural laws proposed by him, and even allowed them to correct their mistakes.

In itself, natural science is a process of continuous self-correction.

However, many researchers still use the theory of sacred science, that is, the natural science theory proposed by Zhu Youzhen, as the basis for the study of sacred science.

Many times they found that the theories put forward by the Emperor's Sacred Doctrine were rarely wrong.

After Xu Yin was convinced that the positive and negative charges mentioned in the sacred science did exist, and also knew that the conductivity of different substances was different, he also began to manufacture copper-zinc galvanic batteries according to the holy theory.

This galvanic battery is not difficult to make, using dilute sulfuric acid as the electrolyte, zinc as the negative electrode, and because the zinc is corroded by sulfuric acid, it has a redox reaction with the hydrogen in the sulfuric acid, resulting in the loss of electrons, resulting in positive and negative charges.

Now Xu Yin has connected the tungsten wire to the copper-zinc primary cell, so that the copper-zinc primary battery forms a closed circuit, which leads to the generation of electric current, and the current is concentrated on the slender tungsten wire, which is too slender and has a high resistivity, resulting in a large amount of heat causing the tungsten electron to undergo orbital transition and release light energy.

Of course, Xu Yin still doesn't quite understand why light energy is released during electron transitions and electron transitions.

However, he knew that his experiments like this could indeed make the tungsten filament produce light, and it was a very strong light.

Tungsten filament can not be found, in ancient times this thing was heavy stone outside the city, there are a lot of tungsten ore in the Ming Dynasty, and tungsten is chemically stable, not easy to oxidize, insoluble in strong acids such as sulfate acid, even the strongest acid is aqua regia can only make its surface oxidized.

But because of this, he is also the best choice as a filament.

And because of its good ductility, it is also easy to manufacture.

Many inactive metals, i.e., metals that are not easily oxidized, are very malleable, such as gold and silver, and are often used to make various jewelry.

The same goes for tungsten, and any craftsman in Daming can make tungsten filament after careful hammering.

What Zhu Youzhen sees now is a tungsten lamp made by Xu Yin using a combination of copper-zinc galvanic batteries and tungsten wires.

"Your electric lamp is not bad, if people can use this to illuminate in the future, not only is it brighter, but there is no open flame and it is not easy to cause fire, but the cost of this battery is too high, copper and zinc are not good, and sulfuric acid is not ordinary people's homes, and the volume is too large."

Zhu Youzhen commented.

"Your Majesty, Wechen is also thinking about using other materials to make better batteries, for example, it is best to turn this dilute sulfuric acid into something solid or paste-like, and then replace copper with other cheap materials, copper does not participate in this, he just does a positive electrode charge storage."

Xu Yin said with a smile.

"This is not very difficult, you find a fiber mesh coated with dilute sulfuric acid this liquid, but I do not recommend using dilute sulfuric acid, use ammonium chloride liquid, this cost is lower, and the safety is high, after coating the fiber web and then wrapped in manganese dioxide, zinc reaction will produce hydrogen;

Hydrogen just reacts with manganese dioxide to avoid the resistance caused by flatulence in the battery mode and affect the battery life, in addition to the conductive things, just use the graphite used in the steelmaking of the previous Ming Ordnance;

Now Daming Iron and Steel technology has improved without the use of graphite, and a lot of graphite ore is also wasted, so it is better to use it as a battery, in addition to using a carbon rod instead of a copper rod to make the positive electrode, I will draw a picture for you, roughly this model. ”

(End of chapter)