Chapter 258: International Relations
There has never been any friendship between countries, some are just naked/naked entanglements of interests, this is a bumpy truth no matter what era it is placed in, but this is very light, but how many people can really understand its connotation, not to mention the ancient times when scientific and technological information was not developed, that is, the later generations of highly developed science and technology, how many can really implement this article into practical action? In the end, it is all the "way of forgiveness" advocated by Confucianism, as far as the Zhenguan period is concerned, there are even fewer people who can clearly realize this, except for Li Zhen, the guy who crossed over, I am afraid that only a generation of emperor Li Shimin has a little understanding of this point, but it is a pity that although Li Shimin vaguely peeked into the mystery of this truth, however, his choice of action is really a little flattering, so far it is still the old road of the Han Wu Emperor - heavy military crusade, Light government governance, but also play peace and pro in exchange for temporary peace on the border, there is nothing new in addition.
As early as the beginning of Zhenguan, Li Shimin sent Li Jing and other generals to break the Eastern Turks, but they did not take their land as their own - although the four prefectures were set up, and the original jurisdiction of the East Turks was divided into six states, but it was the remnants of the Eastern Turkic royal family, such as Tuli, Ashina Suni Ni, Ashina Simo, etc., as the governors, in order to lead the troops, so that although the remnants of the Eastern Turks were used to contain the ambitious Xue Yantuo Khanate, they lost an excellent opportunity to incorporate the grassland into the Tang system, and the battle of Tuyuhun to destroy Qinghai was also like this, In order to so-called contain Tubo and support the remnants of Tuyuhun, thus losing the opportunity to directly extinguish Tubo - the Tibetan Plateau where Tubo is located certainly has a high altitude geographical advantage, however, Tubo at that time was far from being the opponent of the Tang Army in terms of financial and military strength, but the Tang Dynasty was willing to make up his mind to pacify Tubo, but in the face of Tubo's provocation, Li Shimin did not adopt the advice of the generals to eliminate the evil, but played the trick of harmony, and married Princess Wencheng, the daughter of the Tang clan, to Tubo Zampu Songtsan Gampo, Although it achieved a temporary peace, it planted the roots of war for later generations - in the time and space from which Li Zhen came, it was Tubo that captured all parts of Anxi, which made the Tang Dynasty, which had fallen into decline due to the Anshi Rebellion, further fall into a sharp decline, and the root of these evil consequences came from Li Shimin's decision-making mistakes.
And pro, this thing is not Li Shimin's original, there was a precedent as early as the beginning of the Han Dynasty, however, pinning the hope of peace on the weak shoulders of a woman is an unreliable dream, in exchange for only temporary peace, for the plundering nomads, interests are the fundamental, what kind of friendship, family affection and the like are not much better than wiping foot cloths, fathers, sons and brothers can be killed, not to mention the old man who is not very close, as long as there is a chance to catch a handful," The wolves "don't mind going to my father-in-law's house for a while."
In the early years of the Han Dynasty, the policy of harmony and proximity can also be said to be due to the national strength and military strength far inferior to the Xiongnu, and can only rely on sending women and treasures in exchange for temporary peace, but in the Tang Dynasty, the national strength and military strength of the Tang Dynasty are already the strongest countries in the world, there is no one, the Tang Dynasty is the only military power at that time, such a world has no rival, but does not want to forge ahead, I have to say that Li Shimin's Guanzhong-based policy is really a short-sighted behavior, of course, this is also the limit of the vision of the times, but it is not easy to blame Li Shimin, therefore, Although Li Shimin fought horses all his life, destroyed countless countries, and was respected as the "Heavenly Khan", however, he failed to really dominate the Quartet, in this sense, his literary and military skills are slightly flawed, but it is the Manchu regime that was born in the nomadic people in later generations did a very good job in this regard, of course, the reason why the Manchu Qing Dynasty was able to do a good job of dominating the Quartet, in addition to the fact that the Manchu Qing itself was born as a nomad, knew the wolf nature of the nomads, and could divide and disintegrate according to local conditions - the chieftains of the Mongolian tribes were kings, This caused the Mongolian steppe to be full of princes, no one can command anyone, so that the Mongolian tribes can not unite together, more importantly, the Manchu regime fully absorbed the experience and lessons of the previous dynasties' foreign policies, pay attention to cultural assimilation, which led to the strength of the Manchu Qing Dynasty in the early years and the peace of the border.
Others don't know the general trend of historical development, but Li Zhen sees it very thoroughly, and the reason why he volunteered to go out of the customs at the beginning was not only because of the loose control of Datang outside the customs, nor the restraint of those high-surnamed families, in addition to being able to let go of his hands and feet and cultivate a group of teams, there is also no lack of ideas to set the tone for Datang's future foreign policy.
Although Li Zhen came to this dynasty, he also learned a lot of Confucianism, and he was very elegant when he spoke, but in fact, it was very clear in Li Zhen's heart: Confucianism is only suitable for internal rule, but it is not suitable for foreign policy, and if the Tang Dynasty wants to be strong for a long time, it must completely eliminate all the threats around it, and then use Sinology (not only Confucianism) to carry out cultural integration, so as to ensure that all the conquered lands are included in the territory of China. There is no doubt that this is a huge project, and it cannot be completed overnight, Li Zhen does not even dare to guarantee that he will live to the day of complete victory, but as a member of China and a person who has crossed over, Li Zhen feels that he has the responsibility to make a good start for this matter, and now, the opportunity is in front of Li Zhen - since Li Zhen defeated the Western Turks and the two armies of the Qiuzi Kingdom, the prestige has been spread all over the Western Regions, The countries bordering the Anxi Metropolitan Protectorate have specially sent envoys to congratulate Li Zhenzhi's eldest son Full Moon and Li Zhen's princess Mingyue as a widow, and at the same time as the guests gathered, trouble followed, of course, the opportunity also appeared, if you can't make good use of it, then Li Zhen will also cross in vain.
Li Zhen is the prince of the Tang Dynasty, but the actual position is only the governor of the Anxi Metropolitan Protectorate, although the position is not low, but it is not high, like this, the envoys sent by the countries to support it is the only one in the Tang Dynasty, not to mention the Tang Dynasty, in fact, since the history of the local officials of the central power can enjoy such honors, the glory has been extreme, but it is not without hidden dangers, after all, the imperial history pen is like a knife, not for fun, is therefore, as soon as the envoys from all sides are dispatched, Li Zhen had already urgently forwarded the matter to the imperial review for 800 miles, but because the prince happened to encounter the matter of the prince's entry into the East Palace, the focus of the court was not on foreign affairs, so Li Shimin never expressed his position on this matter, until the beginning of April, when the full moon day of Li Chun, the son of Li Zhen, was approaching, Li Shimin sent someone to send a secret decree, and there was only one sentence on it - act cheaply.
Acting cheaply? This is easy to say, but the meaning inside is very far-reaching, the meaning is not easy to say, in short-you kid look at it, you kid look at it, do it well, there is sugar to eat, if you don't do it well, the board is waiting, there is not only the meaning of trust, but there is no lack of assessment meaning, but well, Li Zhen doesn't care, anyway, what should be done, it's up to you, old man, you want to be rewarded.
There are a lot of envoys from the vassal states who came to congratulate this time, in addition to the two powerful countries of Tubo and Xue Yantuo, the Western Turks are making civil strife, Ashina Sero and the Western Turkic Khan Yibi Lulu also sent people to visit, the former is worried that Li Zhen will attack his back road, the latter is counting on Li Zhen to send troops to help, each of them is a person in a high position, and the gifts they give are also heavy gifts, as for the small countries in the Western Regions, such as Qiuzi, Shule (Dujia Shicheng, in present-day Kashgar City), Khotan (Duxi Mountain City, in present-day Hotan County) and Kangguo, Anguo, Cao Tong, Huo Xunguo (also known as Hua Thorn Zimo Country, that is, the country destroyed by the Yuan in "The Legend of the Condor Heroes", the geographical location is roughly in present-day Afghanistan), Shi Guo, Tuyuhun and other large and small more than a dozen countries, which made the people of Anxi proud, but also brought a headache to Li Zhen - some countries are friendly to each other, some are feuds, some are strong, some are weak, this ranking problem is enough to be nerve-wracking, not to mention that Li Zhen also expects to solve some practical problems through this conference- According to Li Zhen's strategic ideas, the first thing to be leveled is the three small countries of Qiuzi, Shule, and Khotan, and then take advantage of the fact that the Western Turks are in civil strife, send troops to sweep the north of the Tianshan Mountains, unify the north and south of the Tianshan Mountains, and then carry the army of a hundred battles, sweep the Mongolian steppe, level the Xue Yantuo Khanate in one fell swoop, and finally turn around to solve the most troublesome Tubo State, in order to realize this strategy, the main problem lies in the two powers of Xue Yantuo and Tubo, if it is not possible to reach a temporary peace with these two powers, then in order to achieve the above strategic ideas, It is bound to be difficult.
Tubo, one of the most powerful opponents around the Tang Dynasty, its Zamp (monarch) Songtsen Gampo is a man of great talent, his mind and talent are not inferior to a generation of emperor Li Shimin - although Songtsan Gampo is the 33rd Zampu of Tubo, but it is not a bystander who has achieved the unification of all departments in Tibet, it is this Songtsen Gampo, and after completing the unification of Tibet, he began to devote himself to the construction of political power, and established a complete, highly centralized political and military institution centered on Zampo, and at the same time, he also formulated laws and taxation systems. In addition to appointing wise ministers, taking many measures to encourage the people to learn and apply advanced production technology, and to develop agricultural and animal husbandry production, so that the social economy and people's lives in Tibet will rapidly show a trend of prosperity. Sixteen nobles led by Sambuza went to India to study, and finally created their own script, Tibetan, and it is no exaggeration to say that it was Songtsen Gampo who established the status of a great Tibetan power.
In fact, as early as the fourth year of Zhenguan, when the Tang army exterminated the battle of Tuyuhun, Tubo had sent troops to fight with the Tang army, although the result was defeated, but it also caused the Tang army to lose a lot - although Tubo is a nomadic country in slavery, but its army is mainly heavy infantry, cavalry as a supplemented infantry mixed army, which is very similar to the Tang army, and the Tubo soldiers live in high altitude areas all year round. The physical fitness is generally stronger than the soldiers in the Central Plains, but the art of commanding the battle is far less than the Tang army, therefore, the two armies fought down, and finally ended in the defeat of Tubo, the scale of this battle is not large, but the significance is extremely far-reaching - Songtsen Gampo saw the gap between his side and the Tang army, no longer in a hurry to rush out of the plateau, seeking to attack the Tang Dynasty, but turned to repair internal affairs, and at the same time tried his best to make good relations with the Tang Dynasty's policy, however, he never relaxed the erosion and oppression of the Tuyuhun in the Qinghai region, Trying to incorporate Tuyuhun into the territory of Tubo first, and the Tang Dynasty, Li Shimin was also keenly aware that the military power of Tubo could not be underestimated, therefore, he did not object to making peace with Tubo, but he continued to support Tuyuhun to curb the rise of Tubo, for this reason, he even did not hesitate to marry the princess Honghua of the clan to the Tuyuhun Khan Nuo Haobo, until the fourteenth year of Zhenguan, the Tang Dynasty and Tubo have always been in a relative peace of confrontation, on the one hand, there are a lot of business and trade exchanges, on the other hand, the two sides are fighting openly and secretly on the issue of Tuyuhun, There was a lot of trouble, but fortunately, the top leaders of both sides maintained a limited degree of restraint, so there was no big fight, but well, compared to the Tang Dynasty court did not pay much attention to the "barren land" outside the Saiwai, and only stared at Guanzhong in his eyes, Songtsan Gampo never forgot to enter the Tang Dynasty's dream, which can be seen from his daily education of future generations - according to the information fed back by Li Zhen through the caravan and nails controlled by the "Rising Sun", it can be known that Songtsan Gampo always talks about the prosperity of the Tang Dynasty to his descendants. And often put forward to enter the Central Plains, first take Anxi, want to take Anxi, you have to take Tuyuhun first, its strategy of the Tang Dynasty ambition has never diminished, of course, in the time and space that Li Zhen came from, the end of Songtsan Gampo in his life has not been able to get the opportunity to annex Tuyuhun, but his grandson Mangsong Mangzan, who succeeded him as Zampu, began to fight fiercely with the Tang Dynasty, after several generations of fierce battles, although he failed to achieve the feat of rushing into the Central Plains, but successively occupied Tuyuhun, Anxi and other places, which led to the complete decline of the Tang Dynasty.
Tubo is the most vicious enemy of the Tang Dynasty, which is the only one in the Tang Dynasty that Li Zhen can see clearly, and the rest of the people, even the emperor Li Shimin of a generation, have not been able to see through the fog shrouded in the seemingly peaceful relationship between the two countries, just relying on his extraordinary military intuition, to beware of Tubo, of course, Li Zhen can have this understanding, to put it bluntly, it is only because of his identity as a traverser, but, since he already knows the history, then, Naturally, Li Zhen will not allow such a less pleasant history to be played out, this is undoubtedly a thing, and as for how to deal with such a potential crisis, Li Zhen naturally has his preparations.
In addition to Tibet, Xue Yantuo is another regional power, the Mongolian steppe it occupies was originally owned by the Eastern Turks, and it is also the place where the Xiongnu were located, and the nomads in this land are all wolf-like guys, but because the Tang Dynasty is too powerful at the moment, they have to temporarily surrender to the feet of the Tang Dynasty, however, its heart to attack the Tang Dynasty has never been extinguished, the battle of Shuozhou in the fifteenth year of Zhenguan is proof, if it is not the result of the Tang army's victory, Therefore, from a military point of view, if Tubo is a potential fierce enemy, then Xue Yantuo is an enemy in the real sense of the Tang Dynasty, at least in the eyes of the vast majority of courtiers, Xue Yantuo's threat is far greater than that of Tubo, and even greater than that of the Western Turks.
In Li Zhen's strategy, Xue Yantuo is a very unstable factor, without him, in addition to Xue Yantuo's strong military strength, but also because of its border with the Western Turks and Anxi, Li Zhen wants to sweep the Western Turks, he can't help but guard against Xue Yantuo's black and black - Xue Yantuo's military strength is not comparable to that of small countries with only 30,000 troops such as Qiuzi State, Rao is Li Zhen's self-confidence, and he will not be conceited enough to deal with the Western Turks and Xue Yantuo at the same time, but on the one hand, how can the soldiers of the three small tribes of the Qarluq tribe confront Xue Yantuo's army head-on, that is, it can only play a harassing role, and furthermore, Li Zhen is not completely sure that he can completely drive the Qarluq tribe as his own precursor, so how to make Xue Yantuo not get mixed into his own Western Turkic strategy has become one of Li Zhen's headaches, obviously, if Xue Yantuo can also fall into civil strife and cannot extricate himself, it will be too good to be a good situation, there is no doubt about it, It is the best way to achieve this effect by letting Xue Yantuo fall into the melee of seizing the heir, and Xue Yantuo's eldest prince Dadu is undoubtedly a very useful bargaining chip, but it is not a simple matter to use this chip well, after all, Dadu is also a battle-hardened general, and a careless will be the end of raising a tiger, but Li Zhen can't help but think about it carefully, of course, even if Li Zhen has made up his mind, he will not be in a hurry to hook up with Dadu, in addition to secretly reporting his own Lao Tzu, What's more important is that you have to hang the appetite of Dadu first, let him be anxious, and then get the result he wants, this is the reason why you can catch a big fish with a long line, therefore, since the meeting with Dadu on March 23, Li Zhen has never paid attention to Xue Yantuo's envoy's request to see him, but just hung Xue Yantuo and his group in the outer domain.
In addition to the two strong Tubo and Xue Yantuo, the remaining dozen small countries are divided into two categories, among which Qiuzi, Shule, and Khotan belong to the countries that have always been swinging back and forth between the Tang Dynasty and the Western Turks, and their military strength is not strong, and they all border Anxi Li Zhen has long been tired of the behavior of these three countries, and belongs to the country that must be exterminated, but if you want to take action, in addition to the approval of the imperial court, you have to find a suitable excuse, after all, you have to be famous. What's more, King Qiuzi is still Li Zhen's father-in-law, no matter how you say it, there is no suitable excuse, and it is really difficult to do that, and this gathering of envoys from all countries is a good opportunity to take advantage of it, as for how to use it, it depends on Li Zhen's means.
Compared with the grassy behavior of Qiuzi and other countries, Kangguo, Anguo, Cao Tong, Huoxunguo and other Shaowu nine surnamed countries are very easy to do, these countries have more than once written to the Tang Dynasty to request internal attachment, but at that time, the Western Turks were powerful, Li Shimin thought about it again and again, and never agreed to the request of these small countries, and now the Western Turkic power in the south of the Tianshan Mountains has been leveled by Li Zhen in one fell swoop, and the internal attachment of these small countries naturally has the basis of strength, of course, Li Zhen wants complete rule rather than nominal submission, How to negotiate has become the core of the problem that Li Zhen must consider in detail, if he can take the Shaowu Jiu surname country in one fell swoop, then the expansion of the land is not thousands of miles but thousands of miles, but well, even if Li Zhen can't be negotiated, he doesn't care about it, and it's a big deal to send a partial division to sweep it up when the time comes.
With the continuous influx of envoys from various countries, all kinds of games began to kick off in Jiaohe City, and a good show began......
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