Chapter 23: Expansion of the South Seas
Knowing that Zhen Feng and others had arrived in Haizhou, Lin Jian did not delay in Shouzhou any longer, and went down by boat from Shouzhou with Gao Zongting, Wang Chengfu, Sun Shangwang, Song Jia, Liu Miaozhen and others, and rushed to Haizhou to meet the people from Haidong.
From Shouzhou down the Huaishui, the speed is very fast, but it still takes three or four days to get to Haizhou; During these three or four days, Lin Jian discussed in detail with Gao Zongting, Wang Chengfu, Sun Shangwang and others the strategy and policy of overseas colonists.
Lin Tie sat around the table with everyone in the cabin with the open window wall, and talked eloquently: "Huaidong's trade penetration into Haidong began to be admired for eleven years, and it was supported by strong maritime armaments, with Jeju Island and Dongju Governor's Mansion as a foothold, and in the form of a free trade port, the scale of Haidong's regional trade reached more than 20 million silver dollars in just a few years. In comparison, the area covered by Nanyang is larger, including the Nanyang Islands and Annam, the area is six to eight times that of Haidong, and the population is also two to three times that of Haidong. Further west, it is said that the Qianduo Dynasty (present-day India and other places in South Asia) is full of gold, and its territory and population are equivalent to those of the pre-war Yuan Yue, and there will be hundreds of millions—which means that the trade potential that can be developed in the near future in the Nanyang region is more than ten times that of the Haidong region: Shangwang and Chengfu, the pressure on your shoulders is not light......
Sun Shangwang nodded, the trade volume should be ten times that of the Haidong region, that is, 20,000 silver dollars. At present, relying on free trade, in five or six years, the annual trade volume with the countries in the Nanyang region has reached 10 million silver dollars, which is almost the bottleneck, and it is not ordinarily difficult to increase it by 20 times.
Sun Shangwang said: "If the scale of Nanyang trade wants to continue to expand, one is to continue to extend the route to the west, and the other is to learn from the example of Haidong......
Learning from Haidong is a combination of military and trade expansion, and when necessary, it can also carry out military deterrence and occupation, directly or cooperate with local nobles, exploit the resources urgently needed by Huaidong, and gold, silver and copper mines, etc., or forcibly plant cotton cane on a large scale in the local area, so as to supply Huaidong's insufficiency, rather than being limited to traditional trade commodities alone.
Just as the traditional trade of Haiyang County was not enough to support large-scale trade with other forces in Haidong, Huaidong Qianzhuang borrowed large sums of money from the Haiyang clan so that they could organize cheaper labor in the local area and mine high-quality Shannan coal to supply Jianghuai.
It is no longer just trade infiltration, but will evolve into a new financial colonization strategy - Huaidong Money Village lends money to overseas forces, relying on the powerful naval power behind it, and is not afraid that Haiyang County will not return the money, and can still sit on the money and make huge profits. However, if this strategy continues, Huaidong Qianzhuang and the forces behind it need to maintain the force of sailors who are threatening overseas, and it is even more necessary for the center to maintain a strategy of continuous overseas expansion.
All the factors are complementary to each other, without the strategy of external expansion and the strong naval division, there is no way to obtain excess profits from overseas under the many forces gathered under Huaidong Qianzhuang and Heishui Foreign Ship Society; In order to continue to make excess profits from overseas, it is necessary to ensure that the center maintains its strategy of overseas expansion and maintains a strong naval armament.
After the government of the government was in power, the core that supported the center was actually mainly composed of various forces that supported the expansion of colonists and merchants. The establishment of the colonist Yinzhuang is to completely tie the center to the road of outward expansion and colonization.
"Well," Lin Lian nodded and said, "I convened the Haidong Zhuxiong in Haizhou this time, so that you and Chengfu also participated, so that the colonists Yinzhuang and Nanyang Shipping Company seriously pondered the Haidong model." ”
The establishment of Huaidong Qianzhuang originated from Wang Cheng's "Discussion of Money" dedicated in the eleventh year of Chongguan.
It's just that the Huaidong Qianzhuang established at that time mainly absorbed the principal from the maritime group and the Dongyang Township Party in the early stage, and Wang Chengfu's qualifications at that time were also insufficient, so Lin Jian used Zhou Guangnan and Lin Mengde to preside over his affairs.
This time, Wang Chengfu was used to preside over the colonization of Yinzhuang, which can be regarded as a balance, and with Wang Chengfu's talent, his familiarity with the operation of the money village will not be under Zhou Guangnan and others; Sun Shangwang was also the first person to help Lin Tie operate the Jinhai Grain Road, and was proficient in shipping administration, transportation affairs and military administration.
Therefore, Lin Jian designated Wang and Sun as the core figures for the next trade expansion in the Nanyang region.
Sun Shangwang said, "At present, there is an urgent need in the South China Sea, and it is also an island that can be used to build a military port, one of which is Luga Island in the southwest of Luzon, which is as wide as Xisha Island, and can lead to Luzon, Sulu, Maman and other island countries by sea. Sixteen years ago, the indigenous people of Luga had called the Luzon State to conquer, and only thousands of people were left to farm on the island as slaves, and Wechen bought the entire Luga Island and thousands of slaves with a boatload of lake silk, and if you want to build a military port garrison, Luga Island is the most convenient ......"
Lin Jian remembered that the United States bought Arras from Tsarist Russia for millions of dollars in later generations, and he also intended to open the way for the expansion of the South Seas with money to reduce local resistance.
The lake silk is gorgeous and thin, and it is sold in the South Seas, especially exquisite, and a boat of lake silk is also worth hundreds of thousands of silver or even millions of taels of silver in the South Seas. Compared with the desert islands on the edge of the border and the parasitized islands of Fannu, the nobles of Luzon did not feel that this transaction was at all a loss.
At present, the Nanyang trade is dominated by luxury goods such as silk and tea porcelain, and although the Nanyang region has no resistance to these luxury goods, the trade volume is limited and will soon reach a bottleneck. In the future, the foreign colonists of the forest were mainly to use primary industrial products such as new cloth and iron tools, which would touch the traditional interests of local forces and were strongly resisted. At the same time, the vigorous maritime trade will breed the pirate forces to breed large-scale investigations.
Whether it is forcibly opening the door of trade between the countries of the South Seas, or suppressing the sea forces around the shipping routes, or maintaining the smooth flow of trade routes, it is necessary to maintain a deterrent naval force in the South Seas.
An island of almost seven or eight hundred square kilometers, easy to build a military port, and close to Luzon, Sulu and other countries, located on the South Sea shipping route, Lin Jian was willing to exchange ten boats of lake silk or even more goods for goods; A boatload of lake silk for a big island is really cheap.
Looking at Sun Shangwang's unfolded and more detailed map of Nanyang Island, Lin Jian said: "The Lugadu Governor's Mansion can be set up to govern island affairs and commercial affairs in Luzon, Sulu and other countries; Candidates need to be familiar with Nanyang affairs...... Then Sizong will go," Lin Jian looked at Sun Sizong, the young man standing beside Sun Shangwang, and asked, "How is it, you won't dislike Lujia as a hot wasteland, right?" ”
Sun Sizong is Sun Shangwang's eldest brother, who survived the Yannan War at the age of seventeen, and later has been an official by Sun Shangwang's side, at the age of twenty-six.
Sun Shangwang ruled Yizhou, and sent Sun Sizong to Nanyang twice with the ship to inspect the customs and customs of the Nanyang countries, as the first-hand information on the operation of the Nanyang maritime trade, and he was indeed one of the young officials who were most familiar with the affairs of the Nanyang.
At this time, Luga Island was only a semi-developed island inhabited by thousands of slaves, and Huaidong had only built a supply base in Lujia before, stationed more than 100 soldiers and several offshore warships.
However, the new Lugatu Governorate, which was even half a level higher than the ordinary state capital, was even more than half a level higher than the ordinary state capital, and although the island was deserted, it was located on the golden route from Quanyi to Luzon and Sulu, and had the important task of protecting the route and fighting piracy.
In addition to a certain number of island guards who will be under the direct jurisdiction of the Governor's Office, the elite combat power of the naval division will also be stationed for a long time to threaten the surrounding pirate forces and Luzon, Sulu and other countries.
Even if you don't talk about anything else, only holding hundreds of thousands of acres of fertile land and thousands of slaves is a great authority-such a beautiful difference falls on Sun Sizong's head. In addition to Sun Sizong's familiarity with Nanyang affairs, Lin Jian also considered that Sun Shangwang's uncle and nephew had worked hard to govern Yizhou over the years.
"Si Zong will live up to the heavy responsibility of the lord!" Sun Sizong did not hide his joy and swore an oath to show his loyalty.
Lin Jian waved his hand, asking Sun Sizong not to be too serious, and said: "Luga Island is half hilly and half fertile soil, and the Fan people also have a tradition of growing sugarcane. As for the island guards, I will give you the establishment of a battalion of water infantry troops. The battalion sentry will be transferred to you by the military department, and ordinary soldiers can be recruited from the coastal areas of Zhejiang and Fujian; As for the officials of the Governor's Office, you choose a list to report to the Privy Council; In terms of the naval division, I asked Zhao Qingshan to rotate a brigade of warships from the southeast coast to Luga Island; Produced on Luga Island, I will give you a five-year tax holiday, and then it will be equivalent to Jeju ......" In addition to the appointment of officers and the rotation of sailors in the island guards, Lin Jian also gave Sun Sizong as much autonomy as possible to govern Luga.
At present, the central government does not have much money to run Luga Island, so it will mainly rely on colonists and silver villages, but it cannot completely enslave the slaves to work, and it must attract some merchants and gentry to hire landless farmers to move to Luga Island, so as to achieve the goal of occupying Luga Island forever.
There are 200,000 acres of fertile land on Luga Island, suitable for sugar plantations, and there are thousands of slaves who can be used as very cheap laborers. Merchants in Zhejiang and Fujian are not very unfamiliar with Nanyang, especially those who have traveled through Nanyang with ships, and it is still very attractive to operate sugar plantations in Nanyang, as long as the land is cheap enough - even if no one is recruited, it is not impossible to raise hundreds of thousands of taels of silver from Yizhou, Quanzhou and other places to run Lujia Island with the prestige accumulated by Sun Shangwang and Sun Sizong in Yizhou for several years.
Lin Jian and Sun Shangwang said: "It is not enough to set up the Luga Governor's Mansion, between Borneo and Johor, you need to set up a water division base and the Governor's Mansion, what do you see is the right place......"
The Strait of Johor, later known as the Strait of Malacca, was the only place for the Nanyang route to lead to the Khinta Dynasty, and only by building a naval base near the Strait of Johor could the Nanyang trade route smoothly extend to the Khinta Dynasty.
In addition, the Borneo country, which was later known as Indonesia, was also called the Golden State in the former Chen period, and was famous for the abundance of gold in the territory - Lin Jian wanted to implement a new policy, which required a large amount of precious metals as currency, whether it was trade penetration or forcible seizure, the Privy Council needed to be able to directly use the gold and silver resources of Borneo at this time.
In fact, in addition to the gold and silver mines of Borneo, the merchant ships that went to the South Sea brought two more important Borneo products to Lin Lian, which made Lin Lian attach great importance to the trade penetration of Borneo.
One is Borneo oil, and the other is Borneo ash.
The so-called Borneo oil is oil. Borneo's oil reservoirs are shallow, easy to exploit, and the oil is of excellent quality, allowing it to be used directly as lamp oil without refining. Borneo has become accustomed to extracting oil for use as lamps, and it is said to be Borneo oil in the South Seas.
At this time, Lin Jian didn't think that oil had other uses, maybe before the invention of the internal combustion engine, the use of oil would not be too wide, but just as a lamp oil, the benefits were great, and it was transported to the Jianghuai area for sale, and the cost was very low.
If large-scale mines are set up for mining, the cost will be greatly reduced.
In order to have a stronger source of illumination for the navigation lighthouse, Huaidong even extracted light oil from the residue of smoldering coal, which cost twenty or thirty times more than Borneo oil. Regardless of other things, the dozens of large-scale lighthouses set up by Huaidong in Hecheng, Changshan Island, Haizhou and other places cost tens of thousands of silver dollars every year for fire and fuel consumption alone.
After switching to Borneo oil, the cost of burning oil for lighthouses plummeted to one-tenth.
Lin Jian remembered that there were oil reserves in the northeast, but the oil reservoirs were very deep, and the thousand-meter-deep oil reservoirs were obviously not capable of being exploited by the current technical level.
At present, the technology of drilling wells in Shu to mine salt brine is extremely deep, and salt wells can only be drilled to a depth of 100 zhang under the rock at most.
There should be shallow oil in the Western Regions, and historical books and miscellaneous histories also record that there is black fire oil in the Western Regions, which should be oil, but the high cost of land transportation, if you want to use the oil extracted in the Western Regions in Jianghuai, it will be devastating to think about it.
From Borneo to the mouth of the Yangtze River, although there are thousands of miles by sea, the sea ships travel between Jianghuai and Borneo, and it takes four or five months to travel a trip.
But a Lin Zhengjun-class sea ship can transport more than 10,000 barrels of oil.
At that time, the price of fire oil and pork in the world was the same, and a pound of meat in Jiangning was worth 60 yuan, and a barrel of 120 pounds of net weight of fire oil was worth more than seven silver dollars - it is also said that a crew of 30 or 40 people operated a ship of Lin Zhengjun-class sea vessels, and within two or three months, nearly 100,000 silver dollars worth of hot oil could be transported to Jianghuai for sale.
The cost of these hot oil purchased from Borneo and then transported to Jianghuai by sea does not cost 10,000 silver dollars, and even if the oil price sold in Jianghuai and other places is reduced by half, a boat trip can earn nearly 40,000 silver dollars.
Nowadays, the cost of a Lin Zhengjun-class maritime merchant ship that can go to the open sea is only 40,000 silver dollars, which means that if you take a boat to sell hot oil, you can earn back a Lin Zhengjun-class maritime merchant ship, and the profit is amazingly high.
Lin Jian wants to promote the glass lamp on a large scale, and the high cost of the glass lamp itself is a reason, and the main thing is that the farmers in the world can't afford to burn the lamp oil at night - even at the moment, the shallow oil resources of Borneo are also coveted by Lin Tie.
Even if it is used as a traditional lamp oil, as long as the price is low enough, the potential annual demand of 50 million people in Jianghuai, Zhejiang, Fujian, Jiangxi and Hubei will be millions of barrels, and it can even be dumped in Haidong and other parts of the South China Sea after mining.
Another is Mount Borneo ash, which is actually volcanic ash deposited for an eruption in an unknown year. In Borneo, the locals use this volcanic ash to fertilize the fields and plaster the houses.
Borneo ash was transported to Jianghuai by merchant ships, and in the past two or three years, it has been used on a small scale to improve the quality of coastal sand, and the effect is wonderful, so that the cotton grain output of the sandy fields can catch up with the ripe fields in the south of the Yangtze River. The Polo Mountain ash is mixed into the slurry, and the adhesion is comparable to that of the triple slurry.
Borneo ash is actually a kind of natural mineral fertilizer and natural concrete, although the value is not as good as Borneo oil, but it is also a profitable cargo to transport to Jianghuai.
The frequent volcanoes in Borneo make it extremely fertile and the first choice for the development of various plantations.
Therefore, Lin Jian needs to have a stronger military presence in the vicinity of Borneo, and if possible and necessary, even to annex Borneo militarily when he has the strength to spare. Due to the memories of later generations, Lin Jian did not have a good impression of Indonesia.
"There is a peninsula named Pudan in the southeast of Johor, which seems to be connected to Johor, and the tide rises and there is a broken water, and the tide falls and silts," Sun Shangwang pointed to the Nanyang nautical chart, and Lin Lian said that between Borneo and Johor, it is suitable to occupy a place to build a military garrison, "so although it is connected with the land, there is no passage to connect, and the Johor country is regarded as an abandoned land, and only three or five thousand people of the Fan tribe make a living from fishing, and the Nanyang merchant ships often exchange fresh water and food with the Fan people in the early years, and then buy a village and build a small fort ......"
In fact, before today, the foreign trade penetration of Nanyang merchant ships had learned from the Haidong model everywhere, and several supply places were built on the route.
From the end of the former dynasty to the opening of the Yuan and Yue dynasties, a large number of remnants fled to the sea to settle in Nanyang. Before the prosperity of the East China Sea, there were also many bankrupt and landless peasant households in Zhejiang, Fujian and other places who went to the South Seas to seek livelihood, so that the South Sea countries such as Luzon, Sulu, Borneo, Johor, Annam and other countries have many coastal or island areas, and there are a large number of sea people who have migrated south from the Central Plains to beg for a living, and their status is extremely low.
This was the basis for the massive expansion of the Nanyang business line in just five or six years.
"Johor is farther away from the mainland, and the previous dynasty's penetration into Borneo and Johor was limited and its influence was not deep, so a stronger military presence was needed," Lin Jian said to Gao Zongting and the others, "You will discuss whether there are suitable candidates, and how many water infantry troops will be sent over to the country." Occupy Pudan and do not think about saving money. Spend hundreds of thousands of taels of silver to buy it, and if the people of Johor want to get it back in the future, they can also openly say: We bought this land for silver; Besides, there is no shortage of money......"