In addition to the traditional blue-tile lobby, the brick and stone buildings with European atmosphere, the Roman-style pillar stone hall, the Latin-style arch spire, the Mongolian square window dome, and the Arabic-style onion-shaped doors and windows all gather on the first modern road of the empire. Therefore, Yongdingmenwai Street is often called "official street" by Chinese and foreign newspapers and media.

This official street is gradually replacing the Forbidden City as the center of imperial politics, which can be seen from the stark difference between the deserted scenery of the Forbidden City and the crowds of cars and horses flowing on the official street.

In the drizzle of April, seven Western-style carriages suddenly stopped in front of a European-style building on the east side of Guanjie near Yongding Gate, and ten gentlemen wearing windbreakers and top hats stepped on the steps by the door to get out of the car, and walked straight to the building without holding an umbrella.

At two o'clock in the afternoon, Wen Yi, vice minister of the prime minister and president of the Chinese People's Party, and eight members of the Central Executive Committee walked into the confidential conference room on the third floor of the party building. Chen Baoxuan, who had just been transferred from the governor of Hunan Province to the newly established Imperial Minister of Communications.

Everyone sat down in the usual order, and without waiting for the staff to serve tea, they all took out things from their briefcases, and in the blink of an eye, stacks of documents occupied most of the space on the three sides of the table.

Wen Yi took a sip of tea and announced without making any opening remarks: "Now let's start discussing the draft constitution formulated under the auspices of our party, and everyone has a copy in their hands." ”

Everyone nodded yes.

"We can only submit the draft constitution of the Senate to the Constitution Drafting Committee of the Senior Yuan for overall evaluation together with the draft constitution of other parties, but I don't think you want to see the future Imperial Constitution based on the draft submitted by parties other than your own party."

"That's natural, otherwise wouldn't we be the No. 1 party in the Senior Council for nothing?" Zhang Zhigao said.

Wen Yi nodded: "Okay, let's stop talking nonsense, and start reviewing the first article." First, the people of the empire. In the first paragraph, all the rights of the empire come from the people of the empire. The empire was built by the will of the people. This one seems to be a bit problematic, but I can't say it. ”

Tian Zhenghong said: "Although it seems a bit false from the actual situation, since we want to build a country based on civil rights, we must make it clear at the beginning of the constitution. ”

Zhang Zhigao said: "In this way, the government can be defined as serving the people, rather than political rule in a simple sense." ”

Tan Sitong said: "There is nothing wrong, it just shows that our empire is subject to the people and takes care of the people, it is the justice of heaven and earth, and it is indisputable." ”

Wen Yi twisted his neck: "Okay, hurry up, let's speed up, if there is a problem, we will mention it quickly, the first paragraph of Article 1 will be passed internally first, and there will definitely be a dispute when it is submitted to the Constitutional Drafting Committee, and it will depend on Councilor Tan's tongue to fight the crowd." ”

Tan Sitong smiled slightly: "Contemptible people do their best." ”

Wen Yi pointed to the documents printed on the new printing press by the Party Headquarters, and continued: "Paragraph 2, the right of the people of the empire to be free from unreasonable search and seizure of their persons, homes, documents, and property shall not be infringed upon ......."

"In the third paragraph, the Empire shall not make laws or regulations concerning the establishment of a state religion or the prohibition of freedom of religious practice; restricting freedom of speech or the press; or deprive the people of the right to peacefully assemble and petition the Government for grievances......"

"Fourth, slavery and forced labour shall not exist in the territory of the Empire, in any of the Empire's vassal states or in any place under the jurisdiction of the Empire, except as punishment for crimes committed by law. Slavery and forced labour left over from history are to be duly addressed by special acts passed by the Reichstag ......"

"Section 5 No one shall be arrested or detained for more than 48 hours unless he is charged. No penalty shall be imposed on capital or other dishonourable offences except in accordance with a judicial trial, except in cases that occur in the military or in militia groups on active duty in time of war or in times of public danger......"

"Sixth, the people of the Reich shall not be compelled to incriminate themselves in any criminal case; They may not be subjected to any penalty other than restriction of liberty or threatened with any penalty other than restriction of liberty while awaiting trial and trial. No one shall be deprived of life, liberty or property without due process of law. Private property shall not be used for public ...... without fair compensation"

"Paragraph 7, in all criminal proceedings, the accused shall have the right to a public trial in the provincial and territorial courts of the place where the offence was committed, and the period between his arrest and his trial shall not exceed 30 days; knowledge of the nature and grounds of the charge; confront plaintiff witnesses; obtaining witnesses in their favour through compulsory proceedings; Get a lawyer to help defend ......"

"Paragraph 8, Whoever was born or naturalized in the Empire and is subject to its jurisdiction shall be citizens of the Empire if he has attained the age of 18 years. No local executive or legislature shall make or enforce any laws or regulations which may limit the privileges or immunities of the citizens of the Empire; No one shall be deprived of his life, liberty or property without due process of law; Nor shall equal protection of the law be denied to any person under its jurisdiction......"

"Section 9, the manner by which the people of the Reich exercise their supreme power is by a referendum. The referendum is exercised by all citizens of the Reich, with one vote for each citizen...... The Reich shall be deemed valid when a referendum is held on the following matters, and the result of the referendum is more than half of the citizens of the Reich; the transfer of imperial territory to a foreign or vassal state; Allow part of the empire to become independent...... The Referendum may be held on any question, including the Constitution of the Reich, on the proposal of the Emperor or by a vote of more than two-thirds of the Senate, or by the citizens of the Reich with the signatures of more than one-fifth of the citizens of the Reich. The right to a referendum, the right to vote and the right to stand for election of citizens of the Reich shall not be deprived or restricted by the State or locality on account of sex, age, race, place of origin, religion, belief, property or education......"

"Article 10, the enumeration of certain rights in this Constitution, shall not be construed as negating or ignoring other rights reserved to the people of the Reich."

Wen Yi read here and paused: "It needs to be noted that this draft constitution has a great degree of freedom, which can accommodate some of the key propositions of the Liberal Party and the Royalist Party, and we are not going to formulate a perfect constitution now, but to formulate a constitution that can be adopted by the Constitutional Committee and can be effectively implemented." ”

"Of course." Niu Jin said.

"Understood." Zhang Zhigao said.

Wen Yi glanced at him: "Most of the first articles are written by Lord Tian, but the second article is written by Vice Minister Zhang, everyone has more opinions, young people need more education." ”

Zhang Zhigao shrunk his shoulders: "Please advise." ”

"Second, Emperor. In the first paragraph, the people of the empire supported the emperor of the empire and enjoyed his power. Second, the emperor is the head of the empire, representing the empire externally and being responsible to the people of the empire internally. Third, the emperor will serve for life. From the time of succession, the emperor had the right to designate any number of citizens of the empire as successors, and had the right to modify the list of successors at any time during his reign. 4. Before the new Emperor begins to exercise imperial power, he must take the following oath: "I solemnly declare that I will live up to the trust of the people of the Empire, faithfully carry out the duties and powers of the Emperor, and do my utmost to implement, protect and defend the Constitution of the Empire." ”

"Paragraph 2, (1) The Emperor shall nominally be the supreme military commander of the Imperial army and the militias of the provinces assigned to active service in the Reich, and shall authorize the Reich Chancellor to exercise the supreme military command of the Reich. The Emperor has the power to grant reprieves and pardons for crimes against the Empire, except in cases of impeachment. Second, the emperor had the right to receive ambassadors and ministers, to appoint and dismiss the prime ministers of the empire, and to grant or deprive citizens of the empire of noble titles. 3. The Emperor shall have the power to conclude treaties after consulting and obtaining the consent of the Senate, subject to the approval of two-thirds (including two-thirds) of the total number of senators present. 4. The Emperor shall have the power to appoint one senator for each province and to appoint temporary senators to fill such vacancies as may arise during the recess of the Senate, provided that such appointments expire at the end of the next election in the Senate......"

"Thirdly, in exceptional circumstances, the Emperor may convene a meeting of both chambers or either chamber......"

"Fourth, the Emperor shall not be subject to jurisdiction and shall not be impeached; However, words and deeds that are unconstitutional and treasonous as determined by a two-thirds majority of both houses of Congress are not considered valid......"

"Section 5, as of the date of the enactment of this Constitution, the Emperor shall no longer exercise powers beyond those provided for in Article 2 of this Constitution......"

The other members did not make constructive comments on the Emperor, because now that the main thrust could be determined, the question of the minutiae was no longer a serious obstacle. Regrettably, many times, politicians, consciously or unconsciously, focus on superficial trivial situations, but avoid discussing the root causes of the problem. Without the support of strength, no matter how perfect the reform plan is, it will be as empty and weak as the rain and fog in early spring.

The next two, which are also extremely crucial in the administrative aspect, were written by Wen Yi himself: "The third one, the Prime Minister of the Empire. Paragraph 1, i. The Prime Minister exercises the executive power of the Empire. Second, the Prime Minister is appointed and removed by the Emperor. (3) No one shall be a citizen of non-native birth or a citizen of the Reich at the time of the adoption of this Constitution, shall be a Prime Minister; Nor shall he be a Prime Minister if he is under the age of thirty-five and has resided in the territory of the Empire for less than fifteen years. 4. Before commencing his duties, the Prime Minister shall take the following oath: 'I solemnly declare that I will be loyal to the Empire, that I will perform my duties as Prime Minister in earnest, and that I will do my utmost to implement, protect and defend the Constitution of the Empire.' ’”

"Paragraph 2, (a) The Prime Minister shall have the power to appoint the Heads of the Executive Branches, and the Governors of the Provinces, and may order the Heads of the Executive Branches to give written opinions on any matter relating to their respective duties. (2) The Prime Minister shall have the power to appoint ministers of the armed services and generals of the Empire. (3) The Prime Minister shall propose a person to appoint, in consultation with and with the consent of the Senate, ambassadors, ministers and consuls, judges of the Supreme Court of the Reich, and all other officials of the Reich who shall be prescribed by law except in this Constitution. However, the Parliament may, if it deems it appropriate, delegate by law the power to appoint such lower-ranking officials to the Prime Minister, the Court or the Ministers......"

"In the third paragraph, the Prime Minister shall report regularly to the National Assembly on the state of the Empire, and propose to the National Assembly such measures as he deems necessary and appropriate for its consideration......"

"Section 4, the Prime Minister shall submit his annual policy address to the National Assembly within three days of the convening of the National Assembly. When both houses of the Diet refuse to adopt the State Address, the Prime Minister should revise the content and submit it again. If the Parliament fails to pass the Policy Address within one month of the current Parliamentary session, the Prime Minister must resign and may not serve as Prime Minister until the current Diet is re-elected. However, this shall not be the case if the Congress adjourns the meeting without a vote on the message. The Prime Minister and all civil officials of the Empire shall be removed from office if impeached and convicted for treason, bribery, or other felony or misdemeanour, and shall not be re-elected as Prime Minister until the re-election of that Parliament......"

"Section 5, In the event of the death, resignation or removal of a Prime Minister, the Emperor may appoint the Prime Minister immediately when the Diet is not in session, provided that upon the resumption of the Parliament, his Address shall be passed by at least one of the two Houses of the Parliament. In the event of the death, resignation or removal of a Prime Minister from office in session of the Diet, the Senator shall nominate three or more candidates and submit them to the Emperor for appointment as Interim Prime Minister until the current term of the Diet is re-elected......"

"Article IV, Imperial Congress. In the first paragraph, all the legislative powers conferred by this Constitution shall be transferred by the Emperor to the Imperial Parliament, which shall be composed of the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies, as of the date of entry into force of this Constitution. ”

"Section 2, (i) The House of Representatives shall consist of members of the House of Representatives elected every five years throughout the country. The electors of each province must possess the qualifications necessary for the electors of the provincial council of that province. (2) A person who has not yet attained the age of twenty-five years and has been a citizen of the Empire for less than five years, and who was not a resident of a province at the time of his election, shall not serve as a member of the House of Representatives. 3. The number of deputies shall be allocated in proportion to the citizens of each province. The number of citizens of each province is determined according to the imperial tax account. The actual counting of the population was carried out within three years after the first session of the Reichstag and every ten years thereafter, in the manner prescribed by law. The number of deputies elected for every 100,000 people shall not exceed one, but at least one member of the House of Representatives shall be elected from each province; Prior to the above-mentioned population statistics, the number of citizens in each province was based on the population data of the 14th year of Guangxu, i.e., 1888. 4. In the event of a vacancy in the number of deputies in any province, an election decree shall be issued in that province to elect members of the House of Representatives to fill the vacancy. 5. The House of Representatives shall elect the Speaker and other officers of the House of Representatives, and only the House of Representatives shall have the power of impeachment......"

"In paragraph 3, i. The Imperial Senate shall consist of two elected by the provincial councils of each province and one senator of that province appointed by the Emperor. Senators elected serve a term of ten years, and senators appointed by the emperor serve a five-year term; Each senator has one vote. 2. The elected senators, when they assemble after the first election, shall draw lots to divide into two groups of exactly equal numbers. The first group of senatorial seats is vacated at the end of the fifth year and the second group of senators is vacated at the end of the tenth year, so that half of the senators can be re-elected every five years. If, while the Emperor is not in session, a senator becomes vacant by resignation or for any other reason, the province may appoint a temporary senator until the next meeting of the provincial council to fill the vacancy. 3. A person who has not yet attained the age of thirty years, who has been a citizen of the Reich for less than ten years, and who was not a resident of a province at the time of his election, shall not serve as a senator. Fourth, only the Senate has the power to try impeachment cases. No person shall be convicted without the consent of two-thirds (not including two-thirds) of the senators present. (5) The judgment of impeachment shall be limited to dismissal and disqualification from holding and enjoying an office of honor, responsibility or remuneration under the Empire. However, those convicted of a crime shall still be prosecuted, tried, sentenced and punished in accordance with the law......"

"Paragraph 4, (i) The time, place and manner of the election of senators and deputies shall be determined by the provincial assembly in each province. However, Congress may make or change such provisions by law at any time. 2. The National Assembly shall meet at least once a year, unless the National Assembly shall prescribe a date otherwise specified by law, and the session shall commence on the first legal working day of the Gregorian calendar and adjourn before the last legal working day of the lunar calendar......"

"Paragraph 5.1 The Senate and the House of Representatives shall examine on their own the election of members of their respective chambers, reports on the results of the elections and the qualifications of their members. A majority of the members of each House present shall constitute a quorum, but if there is less than a quorum, the meeting may be postponed from day to day, and the absent Members shall have the right to compel the absent Members to attend the meeting in such manner and in such manner and such penalties as may be prescribed by the House. (2) The Senate and the House of Representatives may prescribe the rules of procedure of their own chambers, punish members of their own chambers for disorderly conduct, and expel them with the consent of two-thirds of the members. 3. Both the Senate and the House of Representatives shall keep the proceedings of their own chambers and publish them at all times, except for those parts which it deems necessary to be kept confidential. The pros and cons of any question of the Members of each House shall also be entered in the Standing of the House if one fifth of the Members present so request. 4. During the session of the National Assembly, no House shall, without the consent of the other House, be adjourned for more than three days, nor shall it be moved to any place other than where the Assembly of the two Houses are held......"

"Section 6, i. Senators and deputies shall be remunerated for their services, which shall be determined by law and paid from the Imperial treasury. Members of both Houses, except for treason, felonies and offences against the peace, shall in all circumstances enjoy the privilege of not being arrested while attending meetings of their respective Houses and on their way to and from their respective Houses. They shall not be questioned anywhere else in connection with speeches or debates made in their respective chambers. 2. No Senator or Representative, during his elected term, shall be appointed to any civil office under the jurisdiction of the Reich which has been created or increased in salary during that period. Whoever serves under the Reich shall not serve as a member of any House for the duration of his continued term of office......"

"Section 7.1, all taxation bills shall first be introduced in the House of Representatives, but the Senate may move amendments or endorse other bills. 2. Every bill passed by the House of Representatives and the Senate must be sent to the Emperor before it becomes law. If the Emperor approves the motion, he shall sign it immediately; If it is not approved, the bill shall be returned to the House in which it was originally introduced, together with its objections. The House shall enter the objection in detail in the Proceedings of the House and reconsider. If, after reconsideration, two-thirds of the members of that House agree to pass the motion, the motion shall be sent to the other House together with the objections, and the House shall likewise reconsider it, and if two-thirds of the members of that House approve it, the motion shall become law. In all such cases, however, the votes of both chambers shall be determined by affirmative and negative votes; The names of the Members who voted in favour of and against the motion shall be entered separately in the Hansard of each House. If any bill is not returned by the Emperor within ten legal working days after it is sent to the Emperor, it shall become law as if it had been signed by the Emperor, unless the bill cannot be returned by reason of the adjournment of the Parliament, in which case the bill shall not become law. 3. Every order, resolution, or vote (except on the question of adjournment) which requires the consent of both the Senate and the House of Representatives, shall be sent to the Emperor. The order, resolution, or vote must be approved by the Emperor before it can take effect; If the Emperor does not approve it, it shall enter into force after it shall be re-approved by a two-thirds majority of the members of the Senate and the House of Representatives, in accordance with the rules and restrictions laid down in the Bill......"

"In the eighth paragraph, Congress shall have the power to: (1) levy and levy direct, indirect, tariff, and national taxes for the payment of the national debt, and for the planning of the defence and public welfare of the Empire, provided that the various taxes, duties, and national taxes shall be uniform throughout the country; 2. borrowing on the credit of the Empire; (iii) to regulate trade with foreign nations, between the provinces, and with vassal states; Fourth, to establish a unified imperial calendar and national regulations; 5. To mint money, to determine the value of national and foreign currencies, and to determine the standards of weights and measures; vi. Establishing penalties for counterfeiting imperial securities and currency; (7) To guarantee the exclusive rights of authors and inventors to their respective works and inventions for a certain period of time, in order to promote the advancement of science and the applied arts; viii. Establishment of courts at all levels under the Supreme Court of the Reich; 9. Defining and punishing criminal acts contrary to international law; 10. Declaring war and formulating regulations on capture; 11. To recruit troops and supply military quarters, provided that the period of appropriation for this purpose shall not exceed five years; 12. To formulate regulations for the administration and management of the armed forces; xiii. Provision for the conscription of militias to enforce the laws of the Empire, to suppress rebellions, and to repel invasions; XIV. To provide for the organization, equipment, and discipline of the militias, and for the administration of those militias which are to be used in the service of the Reich, except that the power to appoint officers of the militia and to train them in accordance with the discipline prescribed by Congress shall be exercised by the Reich Government; 15. To exercise exclusive legislative power in all matters in respect of the areas which become the seat of the imperial government with the approval of the National Assembly and the consent of the relevant provincial councils; The same power is exercised in respect of all places in the province which are used by the Empire for the construction of fortresses, ammunition depots, arsenals, docks, and other necessary buildings in the province with the consent of the provincial councils; xvi. To enact such laws as may be necessary and appropriate for the implementation of the above-mentioned powers and all other powers conferred on the Reich Government or by this Constitution on the Reich Government or any of its departments or officials......"

"Article 9, (a) The Congress shall not suspend the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus unless the privilege is required by public security in the event of civil or external disturbance. Second, Congress may not pass a bill of civil rights denial or retroactive laws. 3. No commercial or tax regulations may give preferential treatment to one place over another. 4. No money may be withdrawn from the State Treasury except as provided for in accordance with the provisions of the law. Periodic reports and accounts of all receipts and expenditures of public funds shall be published on a regular basis. 5. No one who holds any office of remuneration or responsibility under the Empire shall receive from a foreign country any gift, remuneration, official office, or title of any kind without the consent of the Parliament. ”

Chen Baolu interjected: "The power of the Congress seems to be too great? ”

Tan Sitong said: "No, the parliament is the representative of the people, and its power is the power of the people, since the empire is built by the power of the people, how can I worry about the great power of the parliament. The following article is jointly drafted by me and Lord Niu, and I hope you will see it. ”

Wen Yi smiled: "Don't forget, the contemptible people have also added a few strokes." ”

Tan Sitong said: "You used the printing press of our Propaganda Department to print this document, what do you say?" ”

Wen Yi said: "It's just a joke, it's important to get down to business - Article 5, Imperial Court." The first paragraph, the judicial power of the Empire, shall be transferred by the Emperor from the date of entry into force of this Constitution to subordinate courts which may be prescribed and established by the Supreme Court of the Empire and by the National Assembly from time to time. Judges of the Supreme Court and the lower courts of the Reich may continue to hold office if they are of good conduct and shall be remunerated for their services for a specified period of time, which shall not be reduced during their continued tenure......"

"Section 2, a, the application of judicial power shall include: all cases relating to the common law and the law of equity arising out of this Constitution, the laws of the Empire, and treaties concluded or to be concluded under the powers of the Empire; all cases involving ambassadors, ministers and consuls; All cases relating to maritime law and maritime jurisdiction; Proceedings to which the Imperial Government or the Imperial people are a party. 2. The Supreme Court of the Reich shall have jurisdiction of first instance in all cases involving ambassadors, ministers and consuls, to which the Reich Government is a party. In all other cases, both legal and factual above, the Supreme Court of the Reich shall have appellate jurisdiction, subject to the exceptions and regulations laid down by Congress. 3. All crimes except impeachment are tried by the courts; Such trials shall be held in the province where the offence was committed; but if the offence is not committed in any province, the trial shall be held in one or more places prescribed by law in Congress......"

"In paragraph 3, (i), treason against the Empire shall be confined to fighting against the Empire, or by attaching itself to its enemies by giving them help and support. No person shall be convicted of treason except on the basis of the testimony of two witnesses to the same apparent act or his own confession in the open law*. (2) The National Assembly shall have the power to pronounce punishment for treason, but shall not deprive a person of his citizenship for treason, nor shall he confiscate his right to inherit property or confiscate his property unless he is still alive......"

The spirit of judicial independence shines in this article with a not-so-dazzling but absolutely bright light, and it is not entirely surprising that an empire that has experienced two thousand years of centralized power can truly be realized.

Wen Yi, Ma Feng and Han Lang co-wrote the sixth and seventh articles: "Article 6, Imperial Province. In the first paragraph, the provincial government agencies are the agencies of the Imperial Government and are responsible to the Imperial Government. The National Assembly is the representative body of the provincial assemblies, which have the power to elect and remove their members. The Provincial Courts are the organs of the Supreme Court of the Reich, which is the Court of Appeal of the Provincial Courts......"

"In the second paragraph, (i) that a new province may be admitted to the Empire by Parliament; No new province shall be constituted or created within the jurisdiction of any other province without the consent of the relevant provincial council and Congress; Nor may two or more provinces be merged or parts of several provinces may be merged to form a new province. 2. The National Assembly shall have the power to dispose of and make all necessary rules and regulations with respect to the territories or other property joining the Empire. (3) (i) The empire guarantees the provinces from invasion; and at the request of the Provincial Council or the Provincial Administrator (when the Provincial Council cannot be convened) to quell civil disturbances. 2. In peacetime, soldiers are not allowed to be stationed in the houses of the provinces without the consent of the landlords; Such ...... is not permitted in wartime, except in the manner prescribed by law."

"Paragraph 4, i. No province shall: conclude any treaty, declare independence, join any league or confederation; minting and issuing currency; pass any civil disenfranchisement acts, retroactive laws, or laws that impair contractual obligations; or to confer any title of nobility. (2) No province shall, without the consent of the National Assembly, impose any import duty or duty on the import or export of goods, except as is absolutely necessary for the execution of the inspection laws of this province. The net proceeds of all duties and import duties levied by any province on imports and exports shall be used for the purposes of the imperial treasury; All such laws may be amended and supervised by Congress. (3) No province shall, without the consent of the National Assembly, maintain an army in time of peace, and enter into agreements or covenants with other provinces or with foreign nations, nor shall it be at war except in the event of actual invasion or imminent danger which cannot be delayed......"

"Section 5. The existing 24 provinces of Zhili, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Shengjing, Shandong, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Fujian, Taiwan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan, Sichuan, Qinghai, Gansu, Ningxia and Xinjiang are the first batch of provinces. The status of Tibet and Mongolia is excluded from this Article in accordance with the provisions of the Provisional Basic Law of the Imperial Special Administrative Region......"

"Article 7, Imperial Vassals. In the first paragraph, the status of a vassal state of the empire is determined by express treaty of the empire. Any provision of the vassal treaty which is valid shall be null and void. ”

"In the second paragraph, the laws of the vassal state shall not contradict Article 1 of the Imperial Constitution."

"In the third paragraph, the head of state of a vassal state shall obtain written proof of his permission to take office from the emperor before taking office."

"In the fourth paragraph, the vassal states impose the same tariffs on other nations and empires. No customs duties shall be levied between the Empire and the vassal states, nor between the vassal states......"

"Paragraph 5, Neither the empire nor the vassal states shall prohibit the lawful movement of population, or the entry or exit of the vassal states, between the empire and the vassal states. A person who has settled in the Empire for five years, an Empire whose people have settled in a vassal State for five years, and a person who has moved between vassal States for five years shall be deemed to be a person born in the Empire and who has never left the Empire, except in cases contrary to Articles 1 to 5 of the Constitution of the Empire......"

"Sixth, the empire guarantees the vassal states against invasion; and at the request of the head of state to quell the civil strife. In peacetime, Imperial soldiers were not allowed to be stationed in the houses of the vassal without the consent of the landlords; This is not permitted in wartime, except in the manner prescribed by law. ”

"Paragraph 7.1, No vassal state shall: conclude any military treaty or tariff concession agreement with a country outside the empire (including other vassal states), declare renunciation from vassalage, declare union with other states into a new state or confederation; minting and issuing imperial currency; Pass any civil rights deprivation bill, retroactive law, or law that impairs contractual obligations. (2) No vassal state may, without the consent of the Imperial Congress, impose any import tax or duty on the import or export of goods, except to the extent absolutely necessary for the enforcement of its own inspection laws. (3) No vassal state shall increase the number of its armies in time of peace, without the consent of the Imperial Parliament, nor shall it engage in war except in the event of actual invasion or imminent danger which cannot be delayed......"

At the end of the draft constitution, Wen Yi and Niu Jin co-wrote Article 8: "Article 8, Amendment and Interpretation. (1) that the National Assembly, in which two-thirds of the members of each House deem necessary, shall propose amendments to this Constitution; In addition, if two-thirds of the provincial assemblies of the provinces so request, a constituent assembly shall also be convened to propose amendments. Amendments in either manner shall become effective as a form of this Constitution when they are approved by three-fourths of the provincial assemblies or three-quarters of the provincial constituent assemblies, signed by the Emperor and countersigned by the Prime Minister; It is up to the National Assembly to decide which of these two ratifications to adopt. provided, however, that an amendment shall not be made in any way affecting Article 1 of this Constitution......"

"In the second paragraph, no province shall be deprived of its right to vote equally in the Senate without its consent."

"Section 3, All debts and obligations incurred prior to the formal adoption of this Constitution shall remain in force with respect to the Empire in which this Constitution is applied."

"Fourth, this Constitution and the laws of the Empire made thereunder, as well as all treaties that have been or will be concluded by the power of the Empire, shall be the supreme law of the nation."

"Section 5, The Emperor, the Senators and Deputies of the Empire, the members of the provincial assemblies, the Chancellor of the Reich, all administrative and judicial officials of the Reich and the provinces, and the authorities of the vassal states, shall take an oath of uptake of this Constitution."

"Section VI, with regard to the supreme power of interpretation of this Constitution, shall be in the Imperial Senate."

Signatures: Marquis of Cheng'en Wen Yi, Viscount Niu Jin, Viscount Han Lang, Viscount Tian Zhenghong, Baron Zhang Zhigao, Baron Chen Baoxuan, Vice-Chancellor of the Exchequer Mo Ning, Vice-Minister of Science and Technology Ma Feng, Member of the Senior Council Tan Sitong.

"Basically, that's it." Wen Yi exhaled softly and swallowed an entire cup of tea.

Three months later, the Constitutional Committee of the Senate completed the drafting of the Imperial Constitution based on the draft constitution of the Chinese People's Party, and submitted it to the Senate for a vote, which was adopted by a two-thirds majority of 174 votes in favor, 17 votes against, and 9 abstentions. After that, the Senate submitted the text of the constitution to the emperor for review. In the twenty-first year of Guangxu, in August 1895, the Constitution of the Imperial Empire was officially promulgated, known as the "1895 Constitution".

In August, when the air was almost lit by sunlight, there was hardly any news that could excite the fly-like reporters in Beijing, except for such a major national event as the promulgation of the Imperial Constitution, including the announcement of the withdrawal of Russian troops from Hokkaido, Japan.

AUTHOR'S NOTE: I WOULD LIKE TO EXPRESS MY SINCERE GRATITUDE TO THE HAPPYDAI BROTHERS, WHO ARE NOW STUDYING IN NORTH AMERICA, FOR THEIR LEGAL ASSISTANCE AND FOR WRITING THE FIRST DRAFT TEXT OF THE IMPERIAL CONSTITUTION.