Today in History:

On the night of March 9, 945, 334 B-29s of the U.S. Air Force flew straight to Tokyo from Guam, carrying out sweeping bombing in turns, dropping more than 2,000 tons of incendiary bombs, 41 square kilometers of the city center were razed to the ground, 267,000 buildings were burned, and a total of 83,793 people were killed and burned (the actual death may exceed 90,000), exceeding the number of deaths in the Tokyo earthquake on September 1, 1923 (73,000); Another 100,000 people were seriously injured and 1 million were left homeless.

——

Everyone's reaction varied, but one thing was certain.

Deng She, as the coach of one party, offered to raise a brother with Tong Sheng, no matter his purpose, no one who is not sick in his brain will never refuse. Tong Shengyang is older and should be his elder brother, but Deng She's status is high, he didn't dare to pretend to be himself, so he immediately stepped outside, called his brother, and bowed to the ground.

Deng She laughed heartily and helped him up.

Sworn brothers need a ceremony, and at the moment the two of them talked about their ages, wrote a golden orchid score, and sent incense burners, sacrifices and other things, and burned incense and inserted it. Just in the hall, in front of everyone's eyes, two people went up to worship the sky and the thick earth. Kill roosters, burn yellow paper, and make an alliance with blood.

The Mongols' worship is often based on "drinking gold" as an alliance, and Deng She follows the Han way.

He and Tong Shengyang respectively stabbed out the blood of their arms and dripped into the wine of the two. He held it up and said, "I'm Dunshe." Tong Shengyang picked up the wine and said, "I'm Tong Shengyang." The two said in unison: "Like-minded, willing to become brothers." Now that he has sworn to heaven and earth, and all the kings testify, I hope that he will be related to each other in the future, not to be fame and fortune, and not to be self-conscious. Across the mountains and rivers and not happy Si League, over the years and each has its own ambition. ”

According to custom, they worship each other four times, and the two exchange tokens. The token that Deng She handed over to Tong Shengyang was his portable clothes presser; The token that Tong Shengyang handed over to Deng She was the gold ring on his ear. Both of these things are carried close to the body, which is in line with the meaning of the token.

The practice of worshipping is very popular among the Han people, or Mongolians, or Jurchens, and even Goryeo. Deng San, Wen Huaguo, Chen Hu and others are sworn brothers. Therefore, everyone in the hall was surprised and not surprised.

After the ceremony, Deng She and Tong Shengyang laughed happily. Once they become brothers, the relationship is very different, although there is still a difference between master and slave, in terms of blood, they become a family. invited Chen Hu over, Tong Shengyang knelt down three times, and no longer called the general, but called uncle. Chen Hu smiled unprecedentedly, found out some things, and gave them to him as a meeting gift.

When the Jurchens saw this scene, their expressions were different, some were envious and some were suspicious. Anyway, Deng She and Tong Shengyang became brothers. The soldiers moved Tong Shengyang's chair and moved it to the bottom of Deng She's position, and the two of them took their seats.

Deng Sheyi was very happy and accepted everyone's congratulations. Only then did he turn to the topic, he said: "I invite you to come today, first, I invite you to have a meal, to meet, to recount the farewell feelings for many days, and to comfort the thirst of longing; Second, there is a big event and a happy event that I want to tell you. ”

"General, please." The Jurchens in the hall are all concentrated.

"A few days ago, I was a strong teacher in Liaoyang and defeated Shenyang Naha. Guan Pingzhang strategized, Marshal Mao planned to break the enemy, and Naha's so-called million-strong army collapsed and was burned by our army. I got the news that less than 50,000 Tartars had fled, and there were mountains of corpses outside Liaoyang City! ”

Yang Wanhu got up and drew his knife and shouted: "Emperor Song Tianwei!" ”

A full hall of officers shouted in unison. The countless swords on the left seat were dazzling, and the Jurchens on the right looked at each other. Naha out of the fiasco? An army of millions, less than 50,000 escaped? There must be water in the million-strong army, and there may be more than 50,000 people who have escaped, but Liaoyang's victory is obviously a fact, and it will never be fake.

Recalling the burning words of Zhao Xiaosheng and Zhuo Duqing more than a month ago, there were people in the tribe who participated in the rebellion sweating like pulp; Remaining neutral and not involved in the covert fluke; There was no participation in the smile.

No wonder Deng She suddenly gathered everyone today, so it is! As soon as Shenyang was defeated, the situation in Liaodong took another turn. There are two meanings, the first layer, to say Dali, the red scarf reversed the crisis and prevailed; On the second level, to Xiaoli, Deng She and Guan Duo are not in harmony, and if this red scarf wins, what will happen to the two cities next?

The smart one immediately understood that eating breakfast was a holiday, and Deng She's intention was to ask them to stand in line.

Three or four small tribal patriarchs, who were already close to Shuangcheng, immediately stood up: "Congratulations to the general, congratulations to the general." Emperor Song Tianwei is like Hai Dongqing in the sky; Naha out of Shenyang City, pigs and dogs! Today's Liaoyang is a big victory, the general is sent, and the villains all obey the order! ”

"Good, good!" Deng She commended and praised them, invited them to sit down, regardless of the people in the hall with different thoughts, turned to Tong Shengyang and said, "Brother Xian, I remember that most of your clansmen are settled in Tokugawa and other places, right?" ”

"Yes. Tokugawa and other places have fertile land and forests, and the weather is warmer than that of Kantoku. The younger brother's clansmen talked about it every day, and they were all grateful to the elder brother for his kindness. ”

Deng She nodded and said, "It looks like snow is about to fall, and as soon as it snows, the weather will be even colder." Many of your people have just migrated, and have you built all the houses? Is there a shortage of winter shelters? Food, is it enough? ”

"Don't dare to worry about Brother Lao, some time ago, before General Zhang of Tokugawa went to the northeast, he specially allocated wood and cotton clothes for us, and there was no shortage of cold materials." Tong Shengyang hesitated for a while and said, "It's just that in terms of food, there is indeed a slight shortage." As the elder brother knows, the younger brother's people have traveled a long way to come, and it is not easy to walk on the road, and they do not bring many things; The grain is only harvested for one season, and in case of snow, it is not good for hunting,......, and there is not enough salt. ”

"If you are a brother, you are a family. The business of your people is my business. If there is not enough food, it doesn't matter, so I will send an order to the Tokugawa guards on the same day to check the food stored in the prefecture and allocate some to you. As for salt, the local government can't control it, Wu Henian? ”

Wu Henian bowed up: "Humble duty." ”

"Is there more salt in the Governor's Mansion?"

"Yes."

"After dinner, count and count, see how much there is left, and allocate some to my virtuous brothers."

"Yes." Wu Henian agreed, but he didn't sit down, and said, "Speaking of salt, there is something that has to be decided by the general." ”

"Tell me."

"There are two people in the coastal salt works who are understaffed. Didn't the general just hit Gaizhou? A few days ago, General Wen of Pyongyang and General Zhao of Gaizhou also came with news, saying that there are many barren fields in the area, all of which are fertile, but it is a pity that Ding Zhuang lacks them. Seeing that as soon as the winter is over and the spring is over, we need to plough the land, so I asked the general to see if he could move some displaced people and villagers who had no land to help cultivate the land. ”

Deng She frowned, nodded, and said, "These two things are big things. However, Gaizhou is a bit far away, and the beauty natives have gone, and those who have left their hometowns are afraid that they will be unwilling. Well, let's allocate some people to the salt works first. ”

Wu Henian's face was embarrassed, and he said: "If you want to say that these two salt farms are not big, compared with others, they are small. It's just that it's easy to allocate manpower, but it's hard to stay for a long time. ”

"What do you mean by that?"

"The seaside salt works are very hard to expose to the sun, and they have always been mostly done by coastal natives. Today, wars are still frequent, and there are many indigenous people who are wandering, so it is not impossible to transfer the people from the interior, after all, they are not used to it. The people in the inland are good at farming, and if one person is allocated, there will be less land reclamation and harvest of dozens of acres. As far as the people are concerned, the income of the salt factory is not high, and they are reluctant to go. ”

"It's a problem." Deng She thought for a while, turned to Tong Shengyang, and suddenly came to his senses, and asked, "Brother Xian, your clansmen are also on the edge of the twin cities, right?" ”

"Yes, partially, not much."

Deng She patted the case a few times: "How about asking your people to dry salt?" ”

The income of the salt works is low and hard; It is not allowed to sell privately, to put it bluntly, to make wedding clothes for the governor's house. Tong Shengyang was a little embarrassed, the natives in the mainland were reluctant to go, and his people were even more reluctant to go. But just after settling with his brother, it is inappropriate to refuse such a small request from Deng She.

He gritted his teeth, anyway, a small salt farm, or many people, just wait to say yes. Deng She seemed to remember something, and suddenly said again: "By the way, Brother Xian, didn't you say that your people are short of salt?" Just about! You go back and discuss, and if that doesn't work, you send some people over. It is not a long matter for the yamen to give salt all the time, it is better to do this, in the future, all the salt from this salt field will be divided among you, enough for your own use, do you think it is okay? ”

Tong Shengyang was overjoyed when he heard this.

In the homeland of the Jurchens, there are not no places where salt is produced, and there are places in the upper reaches of the Nenjiang River; The territory of their tribe in the northeast, because it is close to the seashore, also has a few small salt farms, but they are too far away, far water cannot quench their thirst, and the yield is not very large; And salt is very valuable, even many of the common people of the Han people do not have salt to eat, let alone them.

"Enough for its own use", these four words are worth a thousand gold. 10,000 people use salt, say too much, say less a lot. If he draws according to the maximum amount of 10,000 people and three meals a day; It is distributed according to the minimum number of 10,000 people, one meal a day, and the difference in the middle can be sold for money and exchanged for other things. To be honest, one meal a day is too much.

He left the table and knelt down: "The younger brother is the people, thank the elder brother for his gift." ”

Deng She smiled, went down to save him back to his position, and said unhappily: "My family, thank you!" After ordering the few small tribal chiefs who had just stood up to show their loyalty, he said, "The rest of the salt works, you will send people to exchange salt for labor, just like my virtuous brother; It is paid on a monthly basis, which is enough for you and other clansmen to use for their own use. ”

The Jurchens envied, especially the poor tribes. There were two representatives of the small tribes, looking at Deng She, pursing their lips, wanting to speak, but not knowing what to say. You got up boldly and said, "General, I don't know the salt field, is there anything else that lacks manpower?" ”

Deng She smiled, noncommittal.

The man's tribe moved late, and the place where he settled was no better than Tokugawa's, not very good; Its tribe has been farming for a long time. He turned to the second and said: "Lord Wu said that there are many barren fields in Pyongyang and other places, and there are many idle people among the small people, and they are willing to share the worries of the general and cultivate the land of Pyongyang." ”

"Really? Good, good, good! "Dunshe does not promise, does not refuse. He snorted, looked at the sky, knocked on the table, greeted Bi Qianniu and other soldiers, and said, "It's not early, there are still things in the morning, don't delay you for too long." Rice, rice! ”

The man sat down in a daze.

On the left, Ha Guangxiu said: "General, Pyongyang, Gaizhou, the last general has been with the general. Good place, warm, seaside, oil can be produced when stepped on the ground! To tell the truth, the last general was born in Goryeo, and later in Liaoxi, and the places he has been to are really not few, and they can't be compared. That's a good place, what's Pyongyang? It turns out Seogyung of Goryeo! Big city, bustling! Everything.

"Where is Gaizhou? The leading Dayi in eastern Liaodong has sea routes along with Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shandong, prosperous! The general said that as soon as the last general entered the city, he was like a leopard, and he had never seen many things. As the saying goes: Suzhou and Hangzhou are prosperous, and the heavenly palace is on earth. Look at it, if Suzhou and Hangzhou are heaven, Pyongyang and Gaizhou, at least they must be ......" He couldn't remember the words, his tone was heavy, he sighed twice, and said, "What's that!" Twin cities are compared to them, general, poor ravine! ”

Wu Henian joined the topic and said, "No." Jin, Fu and cover all states, the trade routes are convenient, the goods are varied, and the prosperity has been for a long time. Food, use, cheap, okay! ”

Ha Guangxiu added, "There are many beautiful women!" Goryeo woman, lustful woman. He smiled, touched the beard on his lips, and winked at the officer on the side, "Everyone, you haven't been there, don't know, have you ever seen a black girl?" He held out two fingers, "I bought both, hehe." Take it to warm the bed, blow the lamp, and you can't see anyone. It doesn't matter if you can't see people, it's warm to the touch, and it's not fun. The big one, the one that should be warped, the smile, the two white teeth that are black, that one is called a. In Northeast dialect, what a calf! ”

The soldiers sent the meal, and the Jurchens were absent-minded, pulling and listening to the river Guangxiu boasting proudly. They grew up in Guanbei, and three meals a day are not enough, how have they ever seen such a world of flowers? All of them are excited.

Wu Henian said: "General, what General He said is not bad. Gaiju and Pyongyang, the land of wealth since ancient times, moved the people to the past, although there are troubles that are difficult to leave the homeland, humble and courageous, and make a suggestion. ”

"Say."

"As long as the general follows the previous policy, he will be given agricultural tools and allowed to be exempted. Those who have no land and no land will not believe in their lowly positions, and they would rather starve to death than migrate. Maybe, crying and rushing to go. ”

"Reasonable." Deng She asked Tong Shengyang's opinion, "What do you see? ”

Tong Shengyang was quite surprised, hurriedly put down his chopsticks, and replied: "What Lord Wu said is very true. ”

The Jurchen patriarch who had previously asked to go to Pyongyang was eager to try and wanted to ask again. Deng She ate some casually, pushed away the dishes, and said: "Shuangcheng is poor, and he can't make a shy meal, haha, like General He said, poor ravine." When you have the opportunity, please go to Pyongyang and Gaiju again and eat some good food! ”

"Don't dare, don't dare."

Deng She took the towel handed by Bi Qianniu, wiped his mouth, looked around, and said, "You eat slowly." I would like to take this opportunity to make an announcement. …… General Chen, come on. ”

Chen Hu didn't eat at all, and as soon as Deng She's voice fell, he stood up with his knife, stared at the Jurchens opposite, and said loudly: "General Fangcai has already told you that I have a great victory in Liaoyang and a fiasco in Shenyang. There is a way that the dog jumps over the wall in a hurry, and the rabbit bites in a hurry, Shenyang is the westernmost part of my Shuangcheng Mansion, but it is only a few hundred miles, so it must be guarded against. The general's order: 15,000 people from Shuangcheng, Tokugawa and other places were transferred to reinforce Jiashan, and the line of the Yalu River was strictly armed. The Jurchens within the jurisdiction of the Governor's Office, you and my family, should also bear the responsibility of corresponding defense, draw one out of five, give five days, and in the morning after six days, order troops outside the city, and those who do not arrive will be beheaded! ”

As soon as these words came out, the cups and bowls rang out, and the Jurchens became a mess.

Bi Qianniu winked, the soldiers outside the hall drew their knives in half, and the officers opposite were eyeing each other. One out of five is not heavy; Seventy or eighty thousand Jurchens, excluding thousands of captives, according to this ratio, excluding the old and weak women, you can get another three or four thousand. Taken together, it's almost in the early 10,000s.

This is what Dunsher summoned them for.

The recruitment of the Jurchens into the army does not say that raising troops for a thousand days is used for a while, nor does it say that it can eliminate internal troubles, but from a military point of view, there are two benefits. First, most of them are good at riding and shooting, and they can fight when they join the army, and they don't have to be like Han soldiers and Li soldiers, and they have to train for a long time; Second, horses and weapons are left alone, which saves a lot of money.

to quell the civil strife, how can the Jurchens be willing, or obediently cooperate?

Deng She had good intentions, first raised a brother with Tong Sheng, the brother of the rebel leader Tong Doulan, and used kindness and righteousness to dispel their doubts caused by the rebellion; and then use the power of Liaoyang's great victory to threaten it and guide it to make a choice; Later, they used salt farms and land to lure them to give them a beautiful vision.

A series of combination punches have come to fruition so far, and at the end of breakfast, the famous murder king Chen Hu issued a military order. Obviously, those who obey orders are not to blame in the past, and they are rewarded; Those who do not obey orders will settle accounts and kill after the autumn.

Several small tribes of the salt works were the first to support them. The neutral tribes, after comparing the pros and cons, also said that they would comply with the order. There were two or three tribes whose people had participated in the rebellion, and there were two or three poorer tribes, and they also agreed ruthlessly.

Deng She's performance has always been benevolent, righteous, trustworthy, and soft-hearted towards the enemy, but now there is no shortage of iron fists. Even if there is opposition, after thinking about it, hesitate again and again; As the number of tribes receiving orders slowly increased, they had no choice but to agree.

Deng She pushed the bowl and got up, and ordered: "Wu Henian." ”

"Humble duty."

"Spread the book to Pyongyang, order Wenhua to measure the barren fields, and there are Jurchen people who are willing to migrate to the past, listen to it! Waiver for one year. Those who have made meritorious contributions, died in battle, or are disabled in the family shall be treated according to the treatment of Han soldiers and Li soldiers, and they will be exempted from payment for three years. ”

"Yes."

"Tong Shengyang."

This is an official business, and Deng She calls him by his name.

"Yes."

Tong Shengyang bowed and hugged his fists. When Chen Hu gave the order, he was not the first to agree, but he was among the top few.

Deng She smiled and said, "Jurchen Army, you are the main general." ”

is out of Tong's expectation, and the sworn brothers can be described as enveloping; The responsibility given to them is trust. He was stunned, his heart stirred, and he knelt down with a big salute: "Swear not to dishonor the general's order." ”

Deng She's investigation made it clear that he and Tong Doulan's uncles and brothers were not fake, and their relationship was not close. Tong Doulan is a lineage, the descendant of their clan, and inherits the position of the patriarch from generation to generation. He and his father were in the same vein, and after they migrated over, his father, as an uncle, still had to bow down to Tong Doulan.

Tong Shengyang is young, in his early twenties, he doesn't have many scheming, and young people are not glorious. He knew that many of the Jurchens present were of higher status and fame than him, but at this time, he saw no opposition. He immediately realized that it was completely different to be a brother with Deng She.

"Yang Wanhu."

"The end will be."

"My virtuous brother has a different situation on the Yalu River, you have been to Dongmu Mountain, crossed the Yalu River; Jurchen Army, you are the deputy general. ”

use Tong Shengyang as the main general to reduce the rejection of the Jurchens; Yang Wanhu was used as a deputy general to supervise the implementation.

"Yes."

Dunshe waved his hand and motioned for everyone to take their seats, and he looked forward to the seats on the left and right. Outside the hall, the north wind was howling, and the soldiers' cheeks were red and their clothes were skewed. The morning sun could not penetrate the heavy dark clouds, and in the gloomy skylight, he saw a crystal snowflake, fluttering and falling from the sky.

It's snowing.

He said: "Assemble on the sixth, and reorganize the army on the fourth." Ten days later, we sailed to Jiashan. ”

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1. Sworn brothers.

Swearing, also known as righteousness. It is people who are not related by blood, and through the form of worship, they put on a coat of blood relationship with each other. Confucianism respects heaven and ancestors, and blood relationship is very sacred, and it is also the most basic and important relationship in social life. People who are related by blood have to bear common responsibilities and have the obligation to help each other.

The purpose of prayer, simply put, is to "share happiness and hardship."

The practice of worshipping has a long history in Han society, and it was still very popular in the Yuan Dynasty, spreading to all levels of society. Not only is it common people to worship each other; There is also a lot of worship between officials and civilians. The righteous call themselves brothers, and they are to make a break and exchange tokens.

As recorded in the book "Park Tongshi": "...... How about we make a solemn oath on that day, and become good brothers? "We've known each other for many years. …… We have one thing, how about exchanging it? …… Let's fight for what kind of brother born to a mother, suffer together when there is suffering, and enjoy together when there is happiness, and it is wonderful. ”

"Park Tongshi" is a Chinese textbook in Goryeo, and it gives many descriptions of the phenomenon of worship, reflecting the prevalence of this phenomenon. In the miscellaneous dramas of the Yuan Dynasty, there are also many descriptions of worship with different surnames. However, many stories are based on one party framing the other party as an important plot, which shows that in the minds of people at that time, sworn worship was actually unreliable.

Sworn worship is mainly based on forming a brotherly relationship, and there are also sisters and sisters. In the miscellaneous drama "Zhao Paner Fengyue Saves the Wind and Dust", Song Yinzhang and Zhao Paner are sisters of "Eight Worship".

2. Prick out the arm blood.

During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, there was a folk song called "Hearing the Song of Joy", in which the song proved love in the form of an alliance oath. The song sings: "The arm drinks the blood, and the cattle and sheep hold the sacrifice to the sky." If you don't die in dust, you will never give up pity. ”

During the time of Kublai Khan, the marshal of Yunnan Baoheding poisoned Kublai Khan's son of Yunnan King Hu Gechi, and Zhang Lidao, the literary director of the royal palace, "Thirteen people were obtained from the hidden righteous people, and they were about to ask for thieves, and they drank blood and gold dust." ”

3. Drink gold.

The so-called "drinking gold" is "the alliance between crumbs and wine, about brothers". It is a solemn ceremony known as the "Nation's Alliance". The Mongols also had to exchange tokens when they made a bow. When Temujin was a child, he married Zamuhe, and the two exchanged gifts twice. Later, however, Zamu became Temujin's enemy.

Temujin had recognized Wang Han as his father, because Wang Han was his father's sworn brother; Later, Wang Han also became his enemy.

4. Say goodbye four times.

That is, the turn of the eight worships. There are two meanings, one is that there are eight directions, east, west, south, north, southeast, northeast, southwest, northwest, and the meaning of eight worship means that no matter when and where, life and death are together.

The second refers to the eight ancient stories: the acquaintance of the bosom friend, the period of Boyazi; The friendship between the necks is quite similar; Friends of rubber knees, Chen Chonglei Yi; Friends of chickens, Yuanbo Juqing; The friend who sacrificed his life, the horn mourned the peach; friends of life and death, Liu Bei, Zhang Fei and Guan Yu; Guan Bao's friends, Guan Zhong and Bao Shuya; At the turn of the year, Kong Rong and You Heng.