Cao Ang, the king of Yuzhong, is about to arrive in Luoyang, and the imperial court will inevitably make waves again - the key is the issue of etiquette, what etiquette should Cao Chao use to treat Cao Ang? On the one hand, Cao Chao is the king, Cao Ang is the minister, and he should be the courtesy of the monarch and the minister; On the other hand, Cao Ang is the father, Cao Chao is the son, and the gift of father and son should be performed. The two wanted to be in conflict, if you obeyed the courtesy of the monarch and the minister, how could there be a reason for your father to worship the son? If the gift of father and son is followed, the division between the monarch and the minister will be chaotic......

This kind of thing has never happened in history, and there is indeed a matter of passing on grandchildren, but under normal circumstances, the child's father is dead. In later generations, there are cases where the father is succeeding the son, but the premise is that the small sect is the successor to the big sect - now Cao Chao is directly succeeding his grandfather, and the big sect is broken between Cao Cao and Cao Chao, and Cao Chao has nothing to inherit, so it is not good for you to completely leave Cao Ang behind.

For example, the later Song Yingzong Zhao Shu, whose real name is Zhao Zongshi, was the third son of Zhao Yunrang, the king of Pu, and later adopted by Zhao Zhen of Renzong as an adopted son, passed on to the throne, when he ascended the throne, his father Zhao Zongshi was not dead. The ministers discussed that Yingzong was a small sect to succeed the big sect, so his nominal father should be from his uncle Renzong, not King Pu.

Wang Jue and others played: "The first king made a ceremony, and there was no other, if the heart of love was divided between them, then they should not be dedicated to this." Since the Qin and Han dynasties, the emperor has been supported by the heirs of the great unification, or respected his parents as the emperor, but they all saw that it was not at that time, and they took the future generations, and the ministers did not dare to take it as the holy dynasty. In fact, there is another important reason that has not been spoken, that is, King Pu is still alive, if he is respected as the Son of Heaven from the old practice, then there will be two emperors in the world - "There are no two days in the sky, and there are no two kings in the country" The old saying will go bankrupt.

Now the situation is even worse than that, Cao Ang is not only alive. And Cao Chao did not have a nominal emperor father to respect. So what should he do with Cao Ang? Counsel the ministers to discuss. It is Xun Nai: "The great Confucianism of Xi Hongyu should be asked." ”

Xi is worried about the title of the marquis of the country at this time, and he is eating idle meals in the capital, and he is close to the old age, and he has been far away from the center of the court. Because Cui Yan saw it, it was Xun who remembered this senior brother again, and planned to ask him to burn the last light and heat, and make another effort for himself to control Zhengmen - I will make you more beautiful. Don't you return the favor and pass on the position of Zheng Xue's head to me when the time comes?

And like this kind of muddy thing, Xi Hongyu has always been the best. Sure enough, Cao Chao summoned the adviser, and Xi Xuan said: "Your Majesty has inherited the unification, and it is clear from the monarchs and ministers of Yuzhong. But what is a king? King Xiwen visited the prince and treated him like a lord; Henkel has to stay as a marquis, a mentor and friend of the eye; As for the regent of the Duke of Zhou, will King Cheng dare to submit to it? The righteousness of the monarch and the minister, in order to show the world and the order; The gift of the king. In order to unify the country, the dignity and humility are also ......"

Courtiers don't necessarily have to kowtow when they see the emperor. In some special cases, it is not an exaggeration for the emperor to salute his courtiers first. The key is the relationship between father and son, the great grace of people, and there is no reason for the father to kowtow to his son - "But the eye is the most respectable of the elders, and it is appropriate to do the gift of the host and guest." ”

So in the end, it was decided that the edict ordered Cao Ang, the king of Yuzhong, to worship his name and enter the palace, and when he really met, Cao Chao first avoided the banquet and said: "Father." Cao Ang returned the salute again—and he just stopped for a long time—and said, "Your Majesty." ”

In fact, Xi considered this kind of and muddy opinion, and also asked for the consent of Shixun in advance. He asked Shixun: "Today, the son asks the king of Yuzhong, should he follow the rites and follow the feelings?" Shi Xun replied to him: "First there is humanity, and then there is courtesy, and etiquette is set for people, not made in heaven." People are filial to their relatives first, and then loyal to the king, if the Son of Heaven is not filial, when will the courtiers be loyal? "Actually, what I thought in my heart was: I would rather coax the filial piety of father and son than continue to smear the loyalty of kings and ministers—although in feudal times, these two were almost one and two, two and one......

After Xi Xi got the support of Shixun, he jumped up and down in terms of the imperial court etiquette system, and put forward a lot of revisions. For example, according to the ancient rites, every funeral is wasted for three years to express mourning, but Xi Yu said: "Etiquette and music are the basis of administration, how can it be abolished for a long time?" July can also. ”

In fact, in the original history, Cao Cao mourned in the first month, and Cao Pi returned to the ceremony in July, which also has the basis of the times - caught in the Jin Dynasty, the family used things, and the Confucian rites gradually ossified, and the legendary three-year period was restored.

Xi Xuan's meaning: You all say that I have no ability, but after all, I am the senior brother of Zhengmen, the head of this generation, if I don't have two brushes, can the senior brothers take it (Cui Yan and his ilk minority can be ignored)? Now I want to come up with some new tricks, as long as the Son of Heaven is gracious, it will be passed on as the law of a hundred generations, and future generations will think of my name when they practice this ritual - so that you dare to look down on me!

Cui Yan got the opportunity to persuade Cao Chao, saying that Xi Hongyu was not doing that wrong, "it is really kitsch and rude", Cao Chao always patted him on the shoulder: "It's okay to use it temporarily." "Because the Zheng Sect, especially the Xi Xuan faction, occupies a dominant position in Confucianism, as soon as Xi Hongyu spoke, Hongfu echoed it, and then Shilin responded, so I didn't dare to rashly follow them. Let's do this for now, and then find a way later, and when my position is stable, I can set things right.

Cao Chao is fifteen years old this year, and the future generations are the so-called "secondary two age", children of this age are anti-traditional, innovative, lively, and tired of being lonely, so he intellectually agrees with what Cui Yan said, in fact, in terms of feelings, he is still more inclined to Xi Xian's suggestion. If you waste music for three whole years, then you can't suffocate yourself to death? Besides, on the gift of meeting Cao Ang, Xi Hongyu seems to have a deep understanding of his filial piety, and he can make the ministers agree, and everyone in the present generation is also.

If it weren't for Xi Xian's repeated humble remarks and his reluctance to be a slaughterer for the official again, Cao Chao would almost want to be a slaughterer.

Cao Cao's funeral was simple but beautifully completed. For the shape and size of the mausoleum, tomb and even the coffin, it is related to the national rites and cannot be ignored, but the number of funeral goods is smaller than that of the emperors of previous dynasties, in order to comply with Cao Cao's legacy of frugal burial, and the seals are all old clothing, utensils, and no new things. It is Xun, Xi Xian, etc., please take this as the method of funeral for your descendants, so that the style of thrift will become the flow of the times, and it will be passed down for generations, and Cao Chao will play it accurately.

When the funeral was successfully completed, turning his head, Cao Chao summoned Shi Xun and said, "I want to reward the ministers with his honors, what do you think is the public?" ”

When the new emperor ascends the throne, he generally has to reward his ministers generously. to reassure people's hearts. to determine the imperial court. In later generations, the most common was the "third level of additional officials". However, in the Wei Chenghan system, the post and the quality are basically one, that is to say, if you do anything errand and do something, you will receive a certain official position, only the post salary, no level salary, then it is impossible to "increase the official" casually. Therefore, the common method of reward is to give money and worship. However, the title cannot be indiscriminately sealed, and the gold is affordable, but it is not honorable, Cao Chao felt not very satisfied, so he discussed with Shi Xun, or re-formulated and refined the law of honor, and added an honorary title to the big guys.

Lu is a major feature of the Han system, and its roots lie in the Zhou system. The aristocracy was feudal at all levels, and those who were royal officials were only temporarily sent. Take the wages of a temporary worker - the basic salary is counted as the output of your fiefdom. This is very detrimental to the perfection of the bureaucratic system, even if you are the prime minister and the third prince, once you leave your post, except for a few special exceptions, you will not get a penny, and the officials will have nothing to rely on, so they will naturally have a heart of accumulation. Therefore, since the Wei and Jin dynasties, the rank of officials has gradually been distinguished from the actual dispatch, and the proportion of rank and salary has been newly created and increased - this grade is called loose official, and later added honored officer.

Shixun himself was in favor of this change, which helped to stabilize the bureaucracy, but in later generations, the number of hierarchical salaries and various subsidies increased more and more, which not only caused cognitive confusion - in his previous life, in order to understand the bureaucratic system of the previous dynasties, he had to work hard - it was inconvenient to manage, and it also increased the financial burden. Therefore, I have mentioned relevant ideas to Cao Cao a long time ago, and Cao Cao's corresponding strategy is to create a "meritorious position" also known as "scattered officials" system.

However, the honor system in Cao Cao's era was only a prototype, with only 12 ranks, divided into civil and military affairs, and used to reward meritorious heroes - in fact, it was to let the meritorious heroes stand aside with an empty title, and the honor would not be lost, but the transfer of authority was, in a sense, just a variant of the title. Cao Chao said that I intend to make this system more perfect and complicated, and use it to distribute the ministers and subordinates to settle people's hearts. Engaging in this kind of trick is what you are best at, so you can plan it.

It was Xun who took the order, and his heart said that this matter was simple. The dispersion of officials began in the Wei and Jin dynasties, and was perfected in the Sui and Tang dynasties, and became the actual grade of officials in the Ming and Qing dynasties - I added to the old structure, and basically copied the Sui and Tang systems.

Therefore, there were eighteen ranks of civil, military, and loose officials. The head of the Wensan official is Dazai, the second Taifu, and the third Taiwei, which is equal to the Shanggong; and then the young master, the young master, and the secretary are equal to the public; Doctor Guanglu, Senior Doctor, Taizhong Doctor, Bigong; The Orthodox Doctor, the General Doctor, the Imperial Doctor, the two thousand stones - these are old in the Cao Cao era. Under it, six levels were added: Chao Lang, Cheng Lang, Feng Lang, Tong Zhi Lang, Chao Yu Lang, and Ru Lin Lang to respond to 2,000 stone and 2,000 stone. Moreover, it is stipulated that except for the first sixth class, which is only awarded to one person, the remaining twelve ranks can be ordered to many people - that is to say, if the courtiers are more than 2,000 stones, they can have one per person, and there is no need to rob them.

As for the military attachés, in addition to the old Zhuguo, Auxiliary State, Huguo, Hussar General, Che Cavalry General, Wei General, Front and Rear Left and Right Generals, Yulin General, and Champion General, six levels of Zhongwu, Zhuangwu, Yunlu, Yijun, Xuanwei, and Dingyuan were added, which were slightly the same as civilian positions.

It was on the music, and Cao Chao played it accurately, so he rewarded the ministers. Because the original Dazai Xun Gongda has died, he has entered Cao De as Dazai, and thought that Xun was the Taifu - but Xun Jian refused to accept it, and finally resigned. First, he felt that the benefits of adding and dismissing officials were not great for him, and it was easy to make a big move; Second, you just wiped my title of captain a few months ago, and now you have added a prince, do you think that in this way, the matter will be completely revealed? How can it be so cheap; Third, his current title is already above the ministers with different surnames, and it is really inconvenient to receive any more honors.

Shixun is now the Duke of Jieyang County, and this title is the same surname - according to the title system he formulated for Cao Wei, the highest surname is the county duke. After the capture of Hanzhong, Cao Cao made an exception to pay the county princess, and the explanation to the ministers at that time was: "Hongfu is a relative of my family, if he has the same surname, and now he has made this great achievement, it is impossible not to exceed, Zhu Xiahou can also be the same example." "Actually, Cao Cao wanted to give a big red date first, and then smack......

It's Xun Xin who said that the lord has been exceeded, at that time I was proud, forgot to resign, and there were already different words in the field, and now if you add the title of Taifu, it will really be extremely popular, and I am afraid that the jealous eyes will be accompanied by open guns and hidden arrows, and there will be endless ah. Anyway, I am already a "former Tai Lieutenant", and I am the Zhongshu Order, I am the de facto Prime Minister, and the knight is the county duke, how much more significance can I add the title of Taifu? If you resign, you will show humility. (To be continued.) )