The Philippines is separated from the south of the Ming University 6 by the sea, and has been an important destination for the Ming people in the south since ancient times. This may have started during the Sui Dynasty in the Ming Dynasty 6. The arguments are numerous.

Back then, after Zheng He made seven trips to the West in the early Ming Dynasty, the prestige of the Ming Dynasty reached the prestige of the Philippines, and the capitals of Luzon and Sulu in the Philippines intermittently maintained tributary trade with the Ming court, but it was not until the 7o years of the 16th century that the number of Ming immigrants to the Philippines gradually increased.

At that time, the Ming Dynasty partially opened the sea ban, and Spain, which had just colonized the Philippines, was extremely hungry for Ming Da 6 goods and personnel.

This shows that the migration of the Ming people and the colonial needs of the Spaniards were complementary.

As early as 1565, the Spanish colonists invaded the Philippines and captured the island of Cebu, and in 1571 invaded Luzon and built the city of Manila. In the early days of the Spanish rule over the Philippines, they adopted a policy of wooing the Ming people who went to the Philippines, because the economic and trade exhibitions in the Philippines at that time relied on the efforts and trade of the Ming people.

However, with the increase of the influence of the Ming people, the contradictions between the Spanish colonists and the Ming people began to become prominent. The contradiction table xiàn on two things.

The first of these events was born in 1574. At that time, Lin Feng, a private armed leader active in Fujian, almost captured Manila, which made the Spanish colonists fearful of the Ming.

The incident about Lin Feng could have opened a separate chapter, but I am afraid that someone will talk about water again, so I can only express it in a few words here.

At that time, Lin Feng led 62 warships, armed with 4,000 men and 1,500 women, from Taiwan to the Philippines to unite the local Ming and indigenous people to expel the Spanish colonists.

After two days of rapid sailing, the fleet reached the border of Luzon and immediately captured Miyan, and Lin Feng immediately ordered the vanguard to lead 700 elite soldiers to attack Manila by night.

Due to the failure of the capture for various reasons, Lin Feng changed his strategy and ordered his troops to move north, stationed in the south of Pengjia, built a castle and forts to defend it, and waited for an opportunity to fight again.

Later, Lin Feng established the capital in Banshilan. Within a few months, he led his troops to build walled cities, pagodas, and forts and forts at all odds to prepare against the Spanish colonists.

With the support of the local Ming and natives, Lin Feng led his troops to fight while taking the opportunity of the war gap to replenish supplies, build warships, and enrich war preparations, in order to fight again and completely drive the Spaniards out of Luzon.

At the critical moment, Spain colluded with the Ming Dynasty, which regarded Lin Feng as a major trouble, and jointly attacked Lin Feng's fleet.

In the spring of 1575, the Ming Dynasty transferred Wu Mukang to lead the Ming Dynasty navy to pursue Lin Feng to Pengjia Bay in the Philippines. The Ming court, on the condition of allowing the Spaniards to trade in Xiamen, eagerly demanded that the Spaniards defeat Lin Feng together. Lin Feng led the crowd to resist, and the battle was fierce, holding each other for more than four months. There was a steady stream of western soldiers and ordnance, but Lin Feng fought alone, and the food and equipment were not continued.

Under the attack of the fleets of the Ming and Western countries, Lin Fenghai 6 battles were lost one after another, and nearly 10,000 people were killed in the battle of Lin Fengjun and the indigenous armed forces of the Ming people in Luzon.

After Lin Feng was defeated, he disappeared.

The overseas expansion of the University of Minastra 6 ended in the form of a civil war.

In modern times, Britain has expanded overseas, often with British pirates as the spearhead. The British government appeased the famous pirate Drake to fight against Spain, which resulted in the defeat of Spain and maritime supremacy. However, the Ming government shamefully "used razors to control thieves" and united with Spain to deal with pirates.

The Hantang Group gave a definition of this matter: under the dictatorship of slavery, dictatorship is greater than human rights and national rights - Lin Feng, how can you be king?!

This second event was born in 1593. The Governor of the Philippines, Das Marinas, made an expedition to the Moluccas, and was dissatisfied because he forced Ming Qiao to act as oarsmen. On the way, the Ming Qiao Pan and Wu on the flagship of Dasmarinas led all the Ming people to resist, killing almost all the Spaniards on board, including the governor, and only 12 soldiers escaped with their lives, and then sailed away.

After these two events, the colonial authorities in Manila slowly began to fan a wave of exclusion.

It was for this reason that in early 1594, a Ming fleet, led by Fujian officials, arrived in Manila with soldiers and weapons to bring back 3ooo Ming people.

This can be regarded as the first action in the history of the world to save and protect overseas Chinese, which could have been recorded in the history of the world - but later for various reasons, this great act is little known. If it weren't for the people of the Hantang Group rummaging through the information - maybe they wouldn't know it themselves.

In 16o3, another rumor appeared on the Philippine island: the Ming Emperor intended to occupy the Philippines in order to obtain gold here.

The rumor originated from a carpenter who had lived in Luzon for many years, who said that Luzon had a Yishan and that "the golden beans on it were self-sufficient."

Emperor Wanli believed it and ordered Fujian officials to investigate. The Spaniards were already quite jealous of the Ming government, not to mention that there were many Ming people on Philippine Island, so they suspected that the Ming wanted to "open up the territory".

As the feelings of exclusion grew, the intention of the West Philippine authorities to persecute and even massacre Ming overseas Chinese became more and more obvious.

This qiē eventually led to the massacre of 16o3.

On January 3, 16o3, the Ming Qiao, who were unwilling to sit idly by, broke out a great uprising, but due to a lack of weapons and military experience, they only held out for 41 days. The uprising soon turned into a massacre.

Instigated and deceived by the authorities, all forces, including indigenous people and Japanese expatriates, participated in the massacre. According to statistics, at least 20,000 Ming overseas Chinese were killed in this unrest.

The mass massacre of Ming overseas Chinese had a fatal impact on the local economy of the Philippines.

Because of fear, the merchants did not dare to come here. Suddenly the market in Manilai began to scarce and the economy began to decline. The authorities' financial situation has deteriorated, and they even need to borrow money to get by.

The Spaniards feared that the arrival of the Ming merchant ships would not be brought with them, and that the arrival of the Ming merchant ships would affect the distant Americas.

What made them even more fearful was that they feared retaliation from the Ming government. The West Philippine authorities urgently strengthened their combat readiness, but at this time the morale of the army was low and the rations were insufficient.

At that time, the colonists could only wait in fear, and Manila was shrouded in an atmosphere of despair and depression.

At that time, the Spanish governor in the Philippines, Acuña, did some superficial work, such as partially returning the property of overseas Chinese merchants, and moved the survivors to write letters to the country, trying to prove the "innocence" of the Spanish colonists; On the one hand, a special envoy was sent to Cueva with letters to the governors of Guangdong and Fujian provinces and other officials.

He sailed to Macao on December 1, 16o3, and took the opportunity to spy on the military intelligence of whether the Ming government intended to attack the Philippines. Considering that the Portuguese in Macao knew more about the Ming Dynasty, Acuña also wrote several letters detailing the Ming uprising, and attached copies of the letters to the Ming officials, asking Cueva to distribute them to the commanders, bishops, and Jesuit priests who had a greater say in political affairs in Macao.

However, in order to combat trade competitors, the Portuguese never forwarded the letter to the Ming side. The Portuguese care a lot about every opportunity to shield the Ming – they are the only ones who are the old friends of the Ming.

It was not until the news of the arrival of Cueva and others in Macao reached Zhangzhou that wealthy Ming businessmen who often traveled between Zhangzhou and Manila met with them in Macao, promising to forward the letter to the Ming officials and trying to mobilize the Ming overseas Chinese to continue trade.

Cueva learned in Macau that the Ming government had been informed of the massacre, but the country was calm and there was no sign of gathering ships to attack Manila. With this important piece of information obtained, Cueva purchased a shipment of military supplies and returned to Manila in May.

In fact, although the Ming authorities learned the truth of the incident, they always regarded the Ming overseas Chinese who emigrated abroad as untouchables, so they wrote only a copy of the "Edict to Luzon", which was brought to Manila by one of the owners of the Ming trading fleet in late May and early June 16o5 and handed over to the Governor of the Philippines, the Supreme Court of Manila, and the Archbishop of Manila.

As long as the Spanish colonial authorities guaranteed the safety of the lives and property of the Ming overseas Chinese in the future, they declared that they "could not bear to punish the colonizers" and that "their overseas killings would not be exhausted," and demanded that the Spanish side "think of the emperor's great grace and the great benevolence and righteousness of the Ming Dynasty."

The handling of this matter really can't blindly blame the Ming Dynasty.

The Ming Dynasty did not send troops to fight and was limited by the actual conditions at that time.

Around the same time as the massacre of the Ming people in Spain, the Ming Dynasty fought three large-scale wars: in Ningxia in the northwest, Banzhou in the southwest, and especially in the seven-year war with Japan in Korea, which began in the 20th year of Wanli (1592).

The Ming Dynasty won all three of these wars, but the country's military and financial capacity was greatly depleted.

The forced connivance of the Ming Dynasty made the colonizers even more fearless in the oppression of the Ming overseas Chinese in the Philippines, and the Ming overseas Chinese in a desperate situation could not bear the suffering.

In 1639, the Ming overseas Chinese revolted again and held out for nearly four months.

This time, the Spanish colonizers were completely killed, and countless Ming civilians, including devout Catholics, died in the massacre.

This time the Manila market was depressed, and the Dutch East India Company deliberately suppressed it, so the Spanish colonists could only survive on silver shipped from the Americas......

The Han Tang Group had made a general estimate in advance, and they believed that the output of silver in the Americas was about 17ooo tons in the 16th century and about 42ooo tons in the 17th century...... Of course, the 17th century is only halfway through now.

Among them, the main way and the main route for the flow of American silver into Minda6 was by shipping, which the Spaniards used to later become famous Manila galleons, and then reached Manila through Guò Acapulco, and then flowed out in direct trade with the East.

According to various figures, the Han Tang Group believes that the silver obtained by Da 6 from the Manila trade in the Ming Dynasty was 87,75o,ooo taels, or 1,170,000 pesos, which is about 4,212 tons in modern units of measurement.

At the same time, the amount of silver from the Americas to the Philippines through the Pacific reached a total of 462o tons.

However, Hantang Group has another piece of information. It was from 1563 that silver mines in Potosí and other places adopted the method of separating pure silver from mercury, so that silver began to enter a period of rapid production.

After the opening of the Manila galleon route, a total of 3ooo tons of silver were transported in the past 2o years based on an average of 15o tons per year.

Considering that the silver shipped to Manila basically flowed to Minta 6, therefore, taken together, about 762O tons of silver were imported into Minta 6 through Guò Manila from 157o to 1644.

There are obvious differences between these two algorithms, but Hantang Group doesn't care...... They want more than that.

It can also be seen how much silver has been precipitated by the Mingda 6.

However, it is precisely because of this that some people in Spain have proposed to abandon the Philippine Tiyì.

The reason is that the Philippines has sucked up too much silver from the Americas...... Hantang Group has noticed this person's information very much, and it is not bad, this person's status in Spain is still quite high......

The arrival of the Hantang Group directly cleared the first pressure for the Spaniards...... The number of Ming businessmen who came to the Philippines to do business in the Philippines increased significantly.

The Spanish colonists hitched a ride on the Han and Tang groups, and took advantage of the results of the war of the Han and Tang groups to open the door to commerce and trade for themselves, but they did not express the slightest gratitude to the Han and Tang groups...... What's more, there are still two blood debts that have not yet been considered for compensation, and this issue is very serious.

However, now seems to be the time to settle accounts, the Spaniards are still an important pawn of the Han Tang group, and the Han Tang group is satisfied with their solidified class system, pious Catholic consciousness, and the Inquisition all over the country - our experience is nothing, and there are so many opportunities to compare it to the bad.

The Hantang Group could only pinch its nose and agree with them...... You can only have resentment in your heart.

However, the resentment in the heart of the Hantang Group did not affect the mood of the Philippine Governor Kong for breakfast.

In the past few months, the market in Manila, Philippines, has slowly prospered, and various taxes have begun to soar...... Philippine Inspector Kong ate a few more slices of bread this morning.

No sooner had the Philippine Inspector Kong taken his seat in his office than his attendant brought in the Speaker of the Merchants' Council, who had expressed his thoughts, or those of most Spanish merchants.

Philippine Inspector Kong smiled and said, "Are you sure you want to join the shares of that Hantang Group?" So what do you want us to do for you? ”

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