Chapter 13 Steam Engines (2) & 3

(The two chapters are updated together, asking for red tickets)

Sun Jingxuan, Jiang Yue, and Lin Jian directly talked about the steam pump, pressed their hands on the drawings, and said: "I have carefully read the structural drawings, and I have some different ideas about the proposal of the Machinery Manufacturing Division to try out the coal yard in the west slope of Lishui after the year; Tonight's feast is the New Year's Festival, and I can't just talk about it today, so I will ...... you today."

"Pulling out 20,000 Huaiyuan is a bit much, and you can save some more." Jiang Yue stabbed open the steam-driven window paper through the forest, and he could already see a more open world, for more than a year, although he was also in charge of the Machinery Manufacturing Division, but the trivial affairs were all called to the deputy, and his mind was almost all used on the steam engine, and he also knew that the prototype machine currently made was both simple and expensive.

In fact, Jiang Yue once presided over the construction of the world's most sophisticated astronomical instrument, the hydraulic armillary sphere, which can be said to be a collection of classical machinery and learning from the past and the present. And the Heishui Ocean Channel has been closed for nearly a hundred years, and Jiang Yue first came up with complete information - with the work of nearly 100 craftsmen and craftsmen gathered by Jiang Yue, in just one year, the steam prototype can only be built to this extent.

20,000 Huaiyuan can recruit 2,000 laborers, and the new pumping machine built with such effort may not even be able to catch up with 2 or 300 people who use manpower to drain water day and night - without the strong support of Lin Tie, it is undoubtedly a fool's dream to want the coal yard to take the initiative to adopt such an expensive and simple pumping machine.

"It is not enough to try to produce this pumping machine only in the Lishui coal yard," Lin Jian intercepted Jiang Yue's words and said, "The eight coal yards in Lishui, Xuanzhou, Huaiyang, Xiling, Putang, Zhuxi, Shouzhou and Luxi in Yuanzhou will all try to produce this pump, and the military department will allocate another 200,000 silver dollars to you." At this point in the work, you don't need to go to the coal yard to keep an eye on it, and assign eight groups of craftsmen to go down, so that they can independently improve the prototype of the trial production, and you will coordinate in Jiangning......"

If Lin Jian did not vigorously promote, it would only take thirty or fifty years, maybe hundreds of years, for the steam engine to be miniaturized and practicalized......

He could expect to see the steam ironclad ship rampant across the East China Sea in his lifetime, how could he not hurry up?

"It may be a little stressful to try to make eight sets of pumping machines at once." Sun Jingxuan asked hesitantly, thinking that too many things had happened today, and he hesitated for a while to oppose directly.

According to the standard of the old military system, 200,000 silver dollars were enough to provide for the food and salary of a town's soldiers and horses that year.

After the Privy Council-controlled Bureau consolidated the household tax, the total annual income for this year has just reached 20 million silver dollars. 200,000 silver dollars seems to be only one percent of this year's income, but there are too many key things to do, Sun Jingxuan and Lin Mengde discussed, and the total amount of money they plan to give to the Machinery Manufacturing Department next year is only 200,000 silver dollars.

At this time, Lin Jian had to pull out an additional 200,000 silver dollars to try out the coal yard pump, how could Sun Jingxuan not feel extravagant and wasteful?

Sun Jingxuan has been in charge of shipbuilding, iron smelting, equipment, armor and other affairs over the years, and naturally attaches great importance to the development and practical application of craftsmanship, and is very clear about the significance of this - in fact, Jiang Yue has led the Machinery Manufacturing Department since the autumn of last year, and his personal main energy has been invested in the design of the steam engine, in addition to the direct use of nearly 100 craftsmen, in order to build the trial production of pipe machinery, cylinder block, rod wheel, ordnance supervision and iron smelting supervision have been vigorously cooperated, and a lot of manpower and material resources have been invested, which is with the support of Sun Jingxuan. Only then did he take out the prototype model that seemed to be in front of Lin Bin. It was also Sun Jingxuan who gritted his teeth to support Jiang Yue to take 20,000 silver dollars to try out the new pumping machine in the coal yard on the western slope of Lishui, but he didn't think that Lin Jian would increase his budget tenfold all at once.

As for the Fuhuo Sulfur Dan, which seems to have the broadest prospects for the application of war at present, and the Privy Council has high hopes and Lin Jian himself is always paying attention to the progress, Sun Jingxuan only plans to draw a budget of less than 40,000 silver dollars for further research and development next year.

Fu Huo Sulfur Dan, Lin Bind himself is more accustomed to calling it gunpowder; The Northern Expedition may not drag on for three years, and the main reason why it wants to promote Fuhuo sulfur in the whole army within three years is that the cost is too high, and it cannot be mass-produced at present. If the new guns and guns cannot be equipped in batches, they will not have a significant effect on the improvement of the overall combat power.

Therefore, in Lin Bin's view, the relevant research and development work of Fuhuo Sulfur Dan should continue to be done, and a small number of elite soldiers will be selected to gradually try out new combat weapons, but in Lin Bin's view, it is not as urgent as the steam engine.

"Yan Hu will probably also think about recuperating for a while, in the past few years, I will also think about resting in Jiangning for a period of time to straighten out many relationships," Lin Jian said, "If there is no accident, I will only invest troops in Haidong next year to help the Zhen clan seize the Goryeo Peninsula - whether to take the entire Goryeo Peninsula or make the Zhen clan and the Li clan rule the Goryeo Peninsula together is another matter to discuss, but the scale of the war in the next year will not be as intensive as this year, and it will make you take a breath......

"If there is no big plan for the use of troops tomorrow and the day after tomorrow, the trial production of eight sets of pumping machines will barely be able to cope with it, but the equipment construction will save 200,000 silver dollars." Sun Jingxuan said.

The scale of the revenue that Huaidong can control at this time is almost two and a half times that of the revenue of the Yanjing Center before the loss of Beidi - even if this situation is to pull out an additional 200,000 silver dollars, and to squeeze out from the ordnance prison, you can know how tight the support is.

Lin Jian smiled and said to Jiang Yue: "Look at Jing Xuangong's sad face, if you don't help me use these 200,000 silver dollars, then I will be infamous for 'extravagance' for you!" But don't put too much pressure on you," he said after a pause, "Of course, I asked the coal yard to try the new pumping machine first, not without trade-offs......

"At that time, the world had the advantage of manpower and animal power, but there were too few coal yards that could get water power, and there was only one coal yard in Zhuxi, Yizhou. Sun Shangwang wrote to say that Zhuxi coal is convenient for water power, and it is very cheap, and there are still huge profits to be made in Mingzhou and other places where it is transported and sold by sea; Hu Qiaoyi also wrote that the price of coal in Mingzhou was two percent lower than that of Jiangning -- the coal consumed in Jiangning was all produced in Lishui and Xuanzhou, and there were canals connecting them, and the farthest water transportation was only 200 miles. Even if I think the coal of Xuanzhou and Lishui can be drained by new equipment, the price of coal will be reduced by one-third. You will calculate how much coal and stone will be consumed in a year in the whole country in the industries of iron smelting, porcelain burning, lime, bricks and tiles; Jiangning, Weiyang, Hangzhou, Mingzhou, Pingjiang, Chongzhou, Jiangxia, Tanzhou and Jiangzhou and other big cities, how much coal and stone should be consumed in a year! Do your math, how much silver will be saved in a year in the six major coal yards such as Huaili and Xuanpu? ”

In addition to firmly controlling the military power, there is another and arguably more important measure, which is to continuously strengthen the financial power that the Privy Council can directly control.

Lin Jian takes the five counties of Chongzhou and Yizhou Island as private towns, in addition to the income of private towns and the gold of sea trade; As early as after the Jiangning War, Lin Jian declared that all mines were publicly owned through the name of the political affairs hall, and set up a mine supervision department under the Privy Council to manage mining affairs; There is also a workshop to rule the world.

In later generations, in addition to the income from private estates and directly operated factories, customs duties and industrial and mining value-added tax were the direct sources of income for the Privy Council.

These incomes, before Huaidong, were almost not included in the range of central revenues, but were embezzled by the gentry and wealthy families everywhere, and almost no one could estimate their scale; Therefore, after the Jiangning War, Lin Jian requested that the affairs of the mines and workshops be included in the jurisdiction of the Privy Council, and Chen Xiyan, Cheng Yuqian and others, who presided over the center at that time, did not object, and the local area was also devastated by the war, and the gentry and township forces were suppressed to the extreme, even if they wanted to oppose it, they were far from being able to twist into a force.

The workshop is still secondary.

Even if the workshops in a few places such as Weiyang, Pingjiang, Hangzhou, and Danyang were not destroyed by the war, they were eliminated because of the large gap between the weaving and dyeing, nest silk, shipbuilding, iron smelting, and porcelain burning industries and the factories directly controlled by Huaidong. At present, the large-scale workshops and workshops that are really profitable are mainly concentrated in Chongzhou, Jiangning and other places, which are easy to control.

What Lin Jian set out to do in the middle and late stages was mainly to control the mines scattered in various places, and no longer make the mines a source of wealth for the gentry and villagers everywhere.

Although coal burning has a history of four or five hundred years in the world, and almost all counties have a large number of coal cellars, but after the war in Jiangning, there are only two main coal yards that can still be mined normally under the jurisdiction of Jiangning: one is Taihu Xiling, and the other is Xusi Huaiyang.

In order to recover the mining rights in the Xiling of Taihu Lake, Lin Jian sent 3,000 soldiers to be stationed in Changxing for three months before negotiating the conditions, the kilns were divided and ruled by the original mine owners, but in addition to the original donations of the local government, the mining rights tax was collected at a rate of one out of ten and returned to the center; This also became a precedent for the Privy Council to deal with private kilns in the future.

The Huaiyang Coal Yard was actually made after the war in Xuzhou, and Lin ordered Li Wei to restore the old kiln in Xuzhou and expand production to supply iron smelting and people's living needs in Shanyang, Chongzhou and other places, and it was itself under the direct control of Huaidong - at that time, Sun Shangwang had just laid the first coal well in Zhuxi, Yizhou.

In order to meet the demand of more than 100,000 households in Jiangning for millions of baskets of coal a year, Lin Jian directly requisitioned old kilns in Lishui, Xuanzhou and other places, and recruited thousands of hungry people and prisoners of war to expand production for miners.

In order to ensure the coal use of Putang Iron Yard, large-scale coal mining is carried out in the coal mountain south of Putang; After the war in Huirao, the coal of Putang was made to take the waterway and enter the floating beam, so as to be used exclusively for the floating beam to burn porcelain.

Fuliang is the Jingdezhen of later generations, when the porcelain smelting has been famous, but the porcelain industry in the territory and the world's famous, once an annual output of 5 million catties of tea Fuliang tea industry were destroyed.

Lin Jian used Yang Zichen to govern Jiangzhou, and temporarily placed Fuliang, Duchang and other counties under the jurisdiction of Jiangzhou Prefecture, hoping to restore the Fuliang porcelain industry and tea industry as soon as possible......

After the war in Yuanzhou, the old kilns in the Luxi coal yard were also collected as public property, and the prisoners of war were used to dig coal and stone to supply the cities that could be extended to the Yuanshui and Ganjiang waterways; Dong Yuan also dug coal kilns in Shouzhou, which was quite large-scale, and Lin Tie made Ning Zechen lead his troops to seize Shouzhou, and naturally ruthlessly collected the old kilns in Shouzhou as public property, and wanted to invest manpower to expand production.

Excluding the coal fields in Luxi, Shouzhou and Xiling of Taihu Lake, only the coal yards in Huaiyang, Lishui, Xuanzhou, Zhuxi and Putang have produced more than 20 million baskets of coal a year, worth 5 million silver dollars, and nearly a quarter of the profits.

It is precisely because of the huge demand for coal and stone and the existence of a large amount of cheap coal in the coal yard that it is possible to endure the crude, cumbersome and expensive cost of the new pumping machine at the beginning.

Of course, Jiangning used to be the most important coal-burning place in the world, and nearly two million baskets of coal had to be brought in a year to make up for the lack of firewood and grass - the devastation of the war and the continuous decline in population did not reduce Jiangning's coal consumption, but nearly doubled.

On the one hand, under the control of Huaidong, the Jiangning Workshop has even increased in the past two years on the basis of recovery - more importantly, the war has destroyed the traditional production mode to the extreme.

In the past, men cultivated and women weaved, and weaved and were self-sufficient; After the devastation of the war, the first task in various places was to restore farming, and almost all the labor force was devoted to farmland, water conservancy and roads. The traditional family-based weaving and dyeing production model was destroyed, and the new cloth of Huaidong took advantage of the weakness - the traditional charcoal industry also completely collapsed, so that high-quality and cheap briquettes could also smoothly begin to enter ordinary peasant households.

If the traditional mode of governance is adopted, the situation in the world will be restored from chaos to order, and the first thing should be to restore the self-sufficient natural economy in all localities; Lin Jian was very different, taking advantage of the war to destroy the original natural economy, but took the opportunity to form a huge market for the dumping of primary industrial products in Jianghuai, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Fujian, Lianghu, Guangnan and other places......

Due to the collapse of traditional industries such as weaving and dyeing, charcoal burning, and building houses, a large number of laborers were saved, and even made up for the shortage of labor caused by the decline in the population due to the war; And the post-war population has decreased dramatically, so that there is more land and more labor to cultivate.

In the past, in the Jianghuai region, the average household was ten acres of land, and a husband and wife and their children of four only needed one husband to cultivate ten acres of land and get 30 stone of grain, while the wife could weave and dye or raise silkworms at home to subsidize the family, and when the farm was slack, the men in the village supported each other and built houses and repaired houses - now the husband and wife can cultivate 15 or even 30 acres of land and get 40 or 80 stones of grain, and the cloth, farm tools, ceramics, bricks and tiles and other materials needed for life and production can be sold for grain in exchange - this process seems simple. But in itself it is a significant increase in production efficiency.

At least in Huaidong, Pingjiang, Danyang, Hangzhou, Huzhou, Mingzhou, and Jiaxing, in recent years, per capita grain production has exceeded the pre-war level by a large margin, thanks to the large-scale use of iron agricultural tools, as well as the promotion of production efficiency by the initial industrial, mining, and commercial system.

With the traditional mode of governance, it is difficult to imagine that Huaidong can continue to transport a large amount of grain from Huaidong, the seven prefectures in the south of the Yangtze River and eastern Zhejiang to the two lakes and Jiangxi to settle the local people's livelihood after fighting two major battles in a year.

Of course, the formation of this process also requires a few places with developed factories such as Chongzhou and Jiangning to be able to provide so many primary industrial products to such a large number of people; The river transportation system dominated by the Yangtze River provides the necessary cheap transportation conditions for the primary industrial products market, so that Huaidong Xinbu is transported to Ganzhou in the hinterland of Jiangxi Province through the Yangzijiang, Poyang Lake, and Ganjiang River, and the freight does not account for 10% of the selling price.

In Lin Bin's memory, after the Jiangnan region was fully developed in the Song and Ming dynasties, the commodity economy grew rapidly, and traditional workshops such as weaving and dyeing, nest silk, porcelain, and ironware were greatly developed.

Lin Tie can't judge the world he is in, and how much deviation there is from his memory, but the traditional commodity economy in the Jianghuai region was quite developed at that time, which can be seen from the early years of the Lin people's management in the forest, and the Dongyang Township Party and the commercial activities of the world have long been inextricably linked - this is also the fundamental basis for Lin Tie to develop maritime trade, build factories, develop money villages, and expand maritime commerce in Jiangning and Huaidong.

Right now, the first choice facing Lin Jian is to speed up the process or cut off it.

To establish a strengthened central imperial power in the new dynasty**, it is necessary to cut off this process.

The growing power of factory owners and merchants, the formation of a broader overseas market and a unified market that is more closely linked at home, the large-scale movement of population, the demand for a large number of skilled workers, the use of new machinery and new technologies, the substantial increase in production efficiency, the further enrichment of living and subsistence materials, and the ability of more people to receive education, will greatly promote the enlightenment of the people's wisdom, and will also produce more and more in addition to the traditional bureaucracy and the landlord class that produces on the profits of land rent. A group with inconsistent interests and even sharp contradictions, the set of things that the monarch has bestowed will inevitably go bankrupt.

In Lin Bin's memory, some emperors in later generations were clearly aware of the destruction of imperial power by this process, so they deliberately forcibly cut off this process, and closing the country is just a typical means to cut off this process.

If there is only one country and only one nation in the whole world, then it would be fine.

Lin Jian has the memories of later generations, and he clearly realizes that if he wants to cut off this process now, it will be easy, and he can completely trample hundreds of millions of subjects under the feet of one person. A hundred years after his death, the new empire may last for another hundred, two hundred years, or even longer, but the history of foreign invasions, ravages, and massacres will inevitably repeat itself......

In order to reverse the cycle of history, with the insights that Lin Jian has gained from later generations, it is necessary to accelerate the process of advancing from an agrarian society to an industrial society; In order to avoid the bloody storm caused by the intensification of contradictions, it is necessary to take the initiative to accept the gradual weakening of imperial power by this process according to the situation, although this process will also produce many negative effects, and it is necessary to carry out external expansion to reduce it.

But rather than giving aliens to invade and ravage, Lin Tie is obviously more willing to invade and ravage aliens.

At present, the coal yards under the direct control of the Privy Council produce more than 20 million baskets of coal a year, which is not only sufficient but far more than enough if it were only used to consolidate the power of the new dynasty; However, the more we wait for the recovery of the situation in Liangxiang, Jiangxi, and other places, the further penetration of primary industrial products into various localities after the war, and the further development of workshops and workshops, the coal consumption in the areas south of Huaishui will increase by several times or more than ten times.

If the new pumping machine reaches the practical level, it can really reduce the cost of coal mining by one-third, that is, with the existing coal price and output, it can also increase the profit of nearly two million silver dollars per year, then it is worth the trial production and development of the new pumping machine regardless of the cost.

Of course, when it comes to lower costs, compared with the new pumping machine, Sun Jingxuan can see more than 140,000 prisoners of war still held in Hanjin, Huangpi and Xiangyang at this time.

In the past, Huaidong won the victory, and the most time that the prisoners were surrendered was the Huaisi War, and nearly 100,000 homeless soldiers surrendered in the first battle, but they were all organized as workers, which became the most important source of Huaidong's sharp soldiers and the guarantee of combat effectiveness in the future, and a large number of outstanding generals such as Sun Zhuang, Zhang Gou, and Chen Yan also emerged. After that, he fought against the luxury family, and successively got tens of thousands of prisoners, the number is not particularly large, and it has been used for canal control, reclamation, and mining over the years, and it has also been dispersed.

After the Jiangning War, production in many coal yards was vigorously increased, mainly by recruiting hungry people as workers in the form of work-for-relief.

Although the cost of recruiting hungry people is not high, it is necessary to basically ensure that they can support their families, and even ensure that the displaced people can settle down in the local area.

Compared with the use of prisoners of war, only two liters of coarse food can be used to work, and the cost of raising hunger is still much higher - and the environment of the mine in the world is harsh and dangerous, if there are collapse casualties, the recruiters have to pay a large amount of pension and settlement money, and if the prisoners of war are pressed in the pit, the pension settlement money will naturally save a lot of money.

Think about it, how much cost can 140,000 captives save in a year for the industrial and mining industries directly controlled by Huaidong?

Based on the calculation that a prisoner saves 15 stone of rice and grain in a year, 140,000 prisoners can create an additional income of nearly 3 million yuan for the Privy Council in a year.

According to the requirements of the various coal and iron mines, Sun Jingxuan wanted to take a total of 40,000 prisoners - since Lin Jian summoned them to talk about the new type of lighter in the coal yard, Sun Jingxuan mentioned the prisoners of war in passing.

"The source of the prisoners is complicated, and we need to further screen them," Lin Jian said, "This will be discussed after the New Year, the people in the front yard may be impatient to wait, let's go out first......

Sun Jingxuan and Jiang Yue didn't say much, and accompanied Lin Jian to the front yard to have a banquet with the ministers.

Lin Jian stepped into the front yard, Lin Tingli, Lin Xuwen, Hu Wenmu, Song Fu, Lin Mengde, Qin Chengzu, Cao Ziang, Sun Jingxuan and others led more than 100 Huaidong generals and ministers to line up in the vast courtyard to greet ......

Lin Tie looked at the scarlet flag on the flagpole in the court with the north wind hunting on the word "Chong", and was full of emotion - adding nine tin means nine lives, inheriting the mandate of heaven and opening the mansion, which essentially means that the pattern of Chongguo Mansion mastering the military and political affairs of the world is officially unveiled, and the 400,000 Shuibu horse army troops in Huaidong will also change to the "Chong" flag as soon as possible.

The Yue court in the name of the Yuan clan, in addition to the six departments still have some authority, even if the local military equipment will not be in a hurry to change the flag, it is actually in the hands of the Huaidong family of officials and generals - in addition to Huaixi and Shudi's nominal allegiance to Yuan Yue, Yuan Yue has essentially been hollowed.

When Lin Tie entered the table, he said to Lin Tingli, Lin Xuwen, Song Fu, Lin Mengde and others around him: "I want to transfer Sun Shangwang, Wang Chengfu, Li Shuyi, and Zhu Ai to Jiangning, think about it, who can replace them......"

Song Fu and Lin Mengde glanced at each other, Lin Lian used Gao Zongting and others to govern the Military Intelligence Department, this time Sun Shangwang, Wang Chengfu, Li Shuyi and Zhu Ai were transferred to Jiangning, presumably for political affairs - Sun Shangwang, Wang Chengfu, and Li Shuyi have a high status in Huaidong, but they are always on the edge of the core, and Zhu Ai only emerged after Lin Lian ruled Huaidong, at this time, but Ren Qi Chunzhi County - Lin Lian urgently transferred these four people into Jiangning to join the center, probably because he didn't want some people in the Privy Council and the Lin clan to overexpand, probably because he was the sequelae of tonight's dispute, right?

Looking at Lin Jian again, he found that he was hideously living in a high place, and began to show his ruthless and ruthless side; Lin Tingli, Lin Xuwen, Song Fu, Lin Mengde and others are all good......