1. Exchange rate

In 1904-1905, due to insufficient reserves, the decline in the price of silver accelerated, and the Chinese dollar depreciated sharply.

At the end of 1905, 1 pound = 10 Chinese dollars = 7.2 taels of silver

1 Chinese dollar = 0.1 pound sterling = 0.72 taels of silver

After the introduction of the gold standard, the price of 1 ounce (31.1035 grams) of gold stabilized at 70 Chinese dollars and 1 Chinese yuan from 1906 to 1915

= 0.11 pounds sterling = 0.5 dollars = 1 point 1 ruble = 2 points 2 marks = 2 points 5 francs (Note: The franc was massively after 1900

depreciation).

The 1 Chinese yuan at the gold standard was about 140-180 yuan at the beginning of the 21st century.

The yen and the Korean won are pegged to the Chinese won, and the exchange rate is fixed at 1 Chinese won = 2 yen = 3 Korean won.

After the Ryukyus became independent, the Chinese dollar was used for a long time, and the financial system was completely integrated after the annexation.

2. Industry

Comparison Notes:

In real history of Japan, the production of pig iron in 1904 was only 68,000 tons, the output of steel was only 60,000 tons, and the output of coal in 1906

Production was 12.98 million tons. In 1905 the power generation capacity was 74,000 kilowatts (of which 25% was hydro).

By 1914, the output of pig iron was only 302,000 tons, the output of steel was only 283,000 tons, and the output of coal was 22,290,000 tons.

In 1914, the power generation capacity was 710,000 kilowatts (58% of which was hydropower)

(Source: "Research on the History of War", etc.)

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Set:

In 1913, China's coal production was 450 million tons (25 million tons in 1902, with an average annual increase from 1902 onwards).

30%)), crude steel production was 14.84 million tons (2.9 million tons in 1902, an average annual growth rate of 16% since 1902) (of which armor steel, new alloy steel, etc. increased by more than 30% per year), and domestic oil production in 1913 was 500

10,000 tons, more than 7 million tons in 1914.

In the same year, Japan and North Korea produced a combined 23 million tons of coal and 390,000 tons of steel.

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In the real history of 1913, the main industrial raw material production of the European and American powers was as follows:

U.S. – 571 million tonnes of coal, 31.8 million tonnes of steel and 34 million tonnes of oil.

Germany – 277 million tonnes of coal and 15.7 million tonnes of steel. Oil production was 121,000 tons (Austro-Hungarian).

1.1 million tons).

United Kingdom – 292 million tonnes of coal and 9 million tonnes of steel. (India produces 1.1 million tonnes of oil)

France – 41 million tonnes of coal and 4.7 million tonnes of steel.

Russia – 36 million tonnes of coal and 4.9 million tonnes of steel. Oil production was 9.2 million tons.

Note: In 1913, the total oil production of the world was 53.7 million tons.

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In 1913, the proportions of the industrial production of the great powers in the world were as follows:

United States - 38% ($249.2 billion, 1914 data)

Germany – 16% ($104.9 billion)

United Kingdom – 14% ($9.18 billion)

France – 6% ($39.4 billion)

Russia –

Japan – 1% ($660 million)

Note: The total industrial output value of the whole world is 65.58 billion US dollars.

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Based on the output of major industrial products, China's industrial output value is roughly set to be 95% of that of Germany in history, that is, 10 billion US dollars

Around 10 billion dollars (£2 billion) for 1895 (£133,660,000)

is about 15 times, with an average annual growth rate of 16.2%.

Asahi is estimated to have a total industrial output of US$600 million (£120 million), accounting for 40% of its total industrial and agricultural output.

At that time, the total industrial output value of the whole world should be 65.58 billion US dollars + 10 billion US dollars + 140 million US dollars = 757.2 billion US dollars

Yuan.

From this, it can be concluded that the proportions of the industrial production of the great powers in the world are as follows:

United States – 32.9%

Germany – 13.7%

United Kingdom – 11.8%

China – 13.2%

France – 5.2%

Russia –

Japan plus North Korea – 0.8%

That is, the industrial production of the East Asian Union accounts for 14% of the world's industrial production.

Supplement:

Comparison of the industrial growth rate of the real historical powers——

1891-1900

UK: 1.6%

U.S.: 3.5%

German: 4.8%

Method: 2.6%

1900-1914

British: 1.4%

US: 4.8%

German:1.8%

Method: 3.3%

3. Agriculture

In 1895, China's total agricultural output value was 646 million pounds, accounting for 82.9% of the country's total industrial and agricultural output.

(See Chapter 40)

At an average annual growth rate of 5.6 percent, China's total agricultural output should have been £1.71 billion ($8.55 billion) in 1913

, the share of the country's gross industrial and agricultural output (£3.71 billion) fell to 46 per cent, while the agricultural income of the United States in 1914

It was US$7.8 billion, accounting for only 23.8% of its total industrial and agricultural output that year.

In 1913, Asahi had a total agricultural output of £200 million (US$1 billion), accounting for 60 percent of its total industrial and agricultural output.

Asahi's total industrial and agricultural output rose from £173 million in 1902 to £320 million in 1913

The total output value of the industry rose from 50 million pounds to 120 million pounds, with an average annual growth rate of more than 8%; The total value of agricultural output increased by 1.23

100 million pounds to 200 million pounds, with an average annual growth rate of more than 4%.

In 1913, the total industrial and agricultural output of the East Asian Union was 4.03 billion pounds ($20.15 billion), of which the total agricultural output was produced

It was worth £1910 million (US$9.55 billion), accounting for 47.4% of the total output.

Fourth, finance

(1) Finance

In 1913, China's fiscal revenues amounted to about 10 percent of national income, amounting to 3.7 billion Chinese dollars (370 million pounds sterling or 18

500 million dollars), more than double the amount in 1902 (£148.7 million).

The government spent 3.7 billion Chinese dollars (370 million pounds). (The actual balance of about 100 million yuan was used to pay interest on government bonds)

Of this, spending on culture, education and technology amounted to 700 million Chinese dollars (70 million pounds), accounting for 18.9% of the total expenditure.

Administrative expenses and other expenses amounted to $0.6 billion, accounting for 16.2% of the total expenditure.

Capital construction and government investment was 111.5 billion yuan, accounting for 30.1% of the total expenditure.

Defence spending was 118.5 billion Chinese dollars (£118.5 million), accounting for 32% of total spending.

Among them, the army spent 785 million yuan and the navy spent 400 million yuan (40 million pounds).

Fifty per cent of the Navy's military spending that year (£20 million) was spent on weapons and equipment research and development/procurement and the purchase of defence auxiliary facilities

In 1902, the total naval military expenditure was only 12.3 million pounds, of which only was used for the development and procurement of weapons and equipment

£4,198,000.

During the same period -

In 1913, German military spending was 2 billion marks (about 100 million pounds, half of the total expenditure), and in 1914 the French army

Expenses amounted to 1.5 billion francs (about £60 million, or 38% of total expenditures).

(2) Finance

In 1913, China's gold reserves were $250 million, and ASEAN's total was $280 million (Asahi gold reserves).

All are deposited in the Great China Imperial Bank, the central bank of China).

In 1913, China's total deposits amounted to 51.8 billion Chinese dollars (£5.18 billion) (including savings of urban and rural residents

The balance of deposits was 30 billion Chinese dollars, and the total capital of the bank amounted to 12 billion Chinese dollars).

In 1913, 18 years after the opening of the Shanghai Stock Market, China's Shanghai Stock Market had a market capitalization of more than 15 billion yuan (about 7.5 billion).

USD).

Five: Prices and wages

The 1 Chinese yuan at the gold standard was about 140-180 yuan at the beginning of the 21st century.

The price of one kilogram of ordinary rice in the Jingshi area is about 0.02 yuan (2 cents), which is equivalent to 2.8 to 3 points at the beginning of the 21st century

6 RMB.

A kilogram of pork in the Jingshi area costs about 0.1 yuan (1 jiao), which is equivalent to 14 to 18 yuan at the beginning of the 21st century.

In 1910, the monthly salary of industrial workers in the Jingshi area was 4-10 yuan, and the monthly salary of ordinary employees of the company was 8-16 yuan

A monthly salary of 30-60 yuan is awarded. The monthly salary of army soldiers is 6-12 yuan, the monthly salary of army second lieutenants is 16 yuan, and the monthly salary of majors is 30 yuan

The monthly salary of a major general is 200 yuan, and the monthly salary of an army general is 500 yuan.

Six: Comparison of national strength

(1) Industrial and agricultural output value and finance

In 1900, the output value of the United States manufacturing industry reached 13 billion US dollars, ranking first in the world, and the output of coal and steel was Britain

The sum of Lourdes. The value of agricultural output is 4.717 billion US dollars, and the wheat produced accounts for a quarter of the world's total output. Workers and peasants

The total value of the industry amounted to 17,717 million US dollars (3,937 million pounds), based on the population in 1898 (86 million).

£46 each.

By 1914, the total industrial output of the United States reached $24.92 billion, accounting for 38% of the world's total.

Total agricultural income: $7.8 billion in 1914, $10 billion in 1915, and $17.7 billion in 1919.

In 1914, the total output of industry and agriculture was 32.72 billion US dollars (£6,544 million), or 65 per capita for a population of 100 million

44 points for £44 or $327 for $2.

In 1913, gold reserves amounted to $700 million, in 1921 they amounted to $2.5 billion, and in 1930 they amounted to $4.5 billion

40%）

During the same period, Britain's gold reserves were $200 million in 1913 and $800 million in 1921.

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Comparison: China's 1913 gross industrial output was set at £2 billion ($10 billion) and agricultural output at $1.71 billion

Pounds sterling (US$8.55 billion), and the total output value of industry and agriculture is 3.71 billion pounds (US$18.55 billion), which is real history

56.7% of the total output of the United States in 1914.

Based on a population of 500 million, the per capita industrial and agricultural output is about 7.4 pounds or 37 US dollars, which is the real history of the United States in 1914

11.3 per cent of GDP per capita.

In 1913, the total industrial output of the East Asian Union was 2.126 billion pounds ($10.6 billion), and the total value of agricultural output was 19.1

billion pounds, ($9.55 billion), and the total output of industry and agriculture was 4.03 billion pounds ($20.15 billion), for

61.5% of the total U.S. output in 1914.

Based on a population of 580 million, the per capita industrial and agricultural output is about £6.95 or $34.7, about the same as in the United States in 1914

10.6 per cent of GDP per capita.

(2) Merchant shipping

The real history of July 1, 1914:

There are 9,240 sailing and steaming ships in the UK, with a registered gross tonnage weight of 19256800 tons (19,256,800 tons).

The United States has an unknown number and has a total registered tonnage weight of 7.15 million tons.

Germany has 2,388 vessels with a registered gross tonnage of 5,459,300 tons (5,459,300 tons).

Set:

In 1914,

The total tonnage of China's merchant ships increased from 800,000 tons in 1902 to 4.5 million tons, with an average annual growth rate of 15.5%.

The total tonnage of Japanese merchant ships increased from 270,000 tons in 1902 to 1,170,000 tons, with an average annual growth rate of 13%.

The total tonnage of Korean merchant ships increased from 80,000 tons in 1902 to 140,000 tons, with an average annual growth rate of 5%.

The total increased from 1.15 million tons in 1902 to 5.81 million tons, with an average annual growth rate of 14.5%.

(c) Navy

In 1914, a comparison of the main surface warships of the navies of various powers:

Great Britain, Germany, China (East Asian Union), United States, France, Italy, Austria-Hungary, Russia

Dreadnought 271714 (18) 1610447

Battlecruiser 1184 (6)

Former dreadnought 34186 (10) 13108128

Armored cruiser 341112 (25) 8181036

Light cruisers 633328 (60) 209878

Expelling / torpedo boat 25090150 (260) 80803070100

(4) Army

In the real history of 1914, the standing armies of the great powers were as follows:

Russia – 1.35 million

France – 910,000

Germany – 890,000 people

United Kingdom – 530,000

Japan – 306,000

United States – 164,000

When the real First World War began:

On the part of the Allies, 2.3 million field troops of the German Army and 1.4 million Austria-Hungary, a total of 3.7 million.

On the side of the Entente - 1.8 million French troops, 3.4 million Russian troops, plus Britain, Serbia, and Montenegro Negro

and Belgium, with a total of 5.8 million people.

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Setting: In 1914, the Chinese Army had a standing army of 1.4 million people, including 1.2 million field troops. It is scheduled to be completed in three weeks

After the start of the war and mobilization, the army's front-line field troops will reach 2.7 million, and the total number of troops in service will reach 7 million.

In 1914, the Japanese Army had a standing army of 180,000 people, including 150,000 field troops. After completing the mobilization for the start of the war, the Army

The front-line field troops can reach 450,000 people.

In 1914, the Korean Army had a standing army of 100,000 people, including 80,000 field troops. After completing the mobilization for the start of the war, Army One

The front field force can reach 250,000 people.

-- The total standing army of the East Asian Union is 1.68 million, including 1.43 million field troops. After completing the mobilization for war,

The front-line field troops of the ASEAN Army can reach 3.4 million, and the total strength can reach more than 8 million.