As a traverser, Xu Jie realized the importance of guided weapons very early, and as a naval traverser, after being familiar with the two wars in history and many guidance modes in later generations, Xu Jie put forward ideas one by one for the guided weapons research department under the General Armament Department in the form of a red-headed text. Thus creating a precedent for guided weapons in China. The first generation of air-to-sea (ground) guided weapons in China is divided into three types, the simplest is guided bombs, and the second is gliding guided bombs. And the third is the most complex anti-ship missile. And the guidance methods also range from the simplest optical aiming to radio guidance, to radar guidance in the back, and the legendary tall television guidance and infrared guidance. Of course, the back hit is more of a technical reserve, and the use is very limited.

In fact, various guidance methods have already taken shape in the 2nd World War. For example, radio guidance, which is used in both the Fritz X-bomb and the HS293 missile. The HS293 also has a model with wired guidance, but it was not put into production in the end. There is also a modified version of the TV-guided HS293 missile. As for the so-called tall infrared guidance, the bat-type automatic bottom-finding gliding bomb engaged in by the Americans uses an infrared guidance head, but because it entered the war late, it does not have much success, and the effect is not very good.

To say that the most common guidance method in World War 2 Germany is naturally radio command guidance, this principle is very simple, it is equivalent to a person using a remote control to operate an aircraft to hit the target, this seems simple, but the actual operation is not like that, this guidance process involves three objects, one is the target. One is a landline, and the other is the bomb or missile itself. These objects are constantly moving, and the speed of the aircraft is about 400KM per hour. THE SPEED OF THE BATTLESHIP IS ALSO AROUND 30 TO 40 KM, OR EVEN HIGHER. And the movement of the bomb is more troublesome, there is an initial velocity, there is gravitational acceleration, there is also drag and wind direction, these factors combine to know how the bomb will fly. According to the calculation of the 8KM throw distance of the Fritz X bomb, the operator had to control the bomb and then throw it, and successfully hit a high-speed moving target in less than 2 minutes. One of the reasons why DO217 was able to sink Rome with guided bombs was that the Italians mistook it for an Allied aircraft. So no circumvention measures were taken.

The Germans were well aware of the difficulty of such an attack, so they took a variety of measures to maintain accuracy when performing combat missions. If you want to control the bomb, then you must first find the bomb itself, so the Germans added a luminous tube to the back of the Fritz X bomb to use just the location of the bomb. Secondly, the Fritz bomb attack method is very special, it is dropped by a DO217, and another bomber is responsible for the guidance, which seems to be troublesome but is actually very necessary, because the bomber used to guide it is a fixed course and speed. In other words, the original three dynamic variables have become two! The American Norton-type bomb sight is also used by an autopilot to assist aiming. This reduces the error and allows the use of a special optical sight for aiming. Control the bomb to attack.

As for the issue of information transmission, the Germans equipped the Fritz X bombs with FUG208/238 signal transmitting and receiving devices. The flight trajectory of the bomb is regulated to a certain extent. In addition to radio command guidance, the Germans also developed wired guidance. THIS GUIDANCE DEVICE REQUIRES TWO SIGNAL LINES ABOUT 30 KM LONG TO ENSURE THAT THE HS293 MISSILE CAN ATTACK AT A DISTANCE OF 12 TO 18 KM. The biggest advantage of wired guidance is that it is almost impossible to be interfered with during signal transmission, and the signal is relatively good. The disadvantages are obvious, 30KM wire is not cheap. And the weight is also huge.

The use of visual aiming plus radio command guidance is the most convenient, but at the same time, it is also a highly inaccurate aiming method. The accuracy of aiming is very poor, depending on the level of the operator. And the ability to process numbers is very weak. Considering that China has access to American and British technology, then even at the historical level. Huaxia can also obtain centimeter-wave radar at all. It can locate the position of the other party more accurately, and the anti-interference ability is also relatively strong. In addition, during World War II, the Americans also equipped their warships with electromechanical computers to process numbers. For example, the MK1 electromechanical computer used by the U.S. Navy can track the rate of change of the target's distance without delay. In terms of accuracy, it is much stronger than simple visual aiming. The Americans also have signals and receivers, so it should be the most realistic way to use radar to find and track targets, electromechanical computers to settle information, and radar plus radio command guidance. Of course, if the Germans had come up with an electronic jamming machine far beyond history, Xu Jie would not mind using wired guidance, wouldn't it be just to bring more wires. No big deal.

In short, this missile system consists of three parts: radar, computer, signal transmitter, and missile. Its combat distance is temporarily set at about 15KM, as long as it can avoid the attack of anti-aircraft artillery. Radars must be equipped with anti-jamming and frequency-hopping techniques. THE PRECISION FIRE CONTROL DISTANCE SHOULD BE MORE THAN 25KM. Xu Jie is not very worried about whether this plane can meet these technical requirements, and historically, Germany's fire control radar has achieved direct frequency hopping in three frequency bands. Moreover, even in the face of chaff or jamming ropes, radars equipped with anti-jamming equipment can still find targets from chaff clouds with reflection intensity nearly 20 times higher than that of the target. This, of course, requires the training of excellent radar operators.

As for the power of the missiles. Considering that the targets to be faced in the 2nd World War were all rough-skinned battleships and armored aircraft carriers, their power was at least equivalent to 800KG bombs. Against such targets as destroyers or cruisers, a 500KG semi-armor-piercing warhead can be considered. This weight seems to be larger than the warhead of many anti-ship missiles during the Cold War, but do not forget how far the range of the latter is, and at this time, because there is no need to consider the problem of long-range anti-aircraft missiles, the range can be compressed to a very low level.

If you feel that the power is not enough, continue to use a larger warhead, such as the 1400KG bomb installed on the historical Fritz X bomb. Then it is clearly not possible to install on an anti-ship missile, the weight is too large, and the thrust of the rocket engine at that time is too low. Therefore, you can only use guide bombs or gliding bombs. And this kind of high-power bomb will also have a good performance when attacking ground targets.

AT PRESENT, THREE TYPES OF AIR-TO-SEA/GROUND GUIDED WEAPONS ARE BEING CARRIED OUT IN THE GUIDED WEAPONS RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF THE HUAXIA GENERAL ARMAMENT DEPARTMENT, WHICH ARE ANTI-SHIP MISSILES NUMBERED AS1, WEIGHING 900 KG, EQUIPPED WITH A 500 KG WARHEAD, WITH A RANGE OF ABOUT 15 KM AND A SPEED OF 600 TO 900 KM PER HOUR. and the LT-1 guided bomb and the gliding bomb version with gliding wings. THE WARHEAD OF THIS GLIDING BOMB IS A SEMI-ARMOR-PIERCING WARHEAD WEIGHING 1200KG. When thrown from a height of about 3000 meters, it can destroy the horizontal armor of almost all currently known warships. At the same time, in order to attack ground targets, it is also possible to replace anti-bunker warheads or high-explosive shells in the later stage.

And after having a bomb, there must also be a carrier aircraft, according to the bomb load of the 2 war bombers in history, the maximum bomb load of the average medium bomber is about 2.5 tons. Of course, if you lower the fuel, the bomb load will be higher. As for the carrier aircraft, considering that this aircraft does not require a large angle to dive, more emphasis is placed on range and bomb load. Therefore, after careful consideration, Xu Jie decided to use the American bombers in World War II as the blueprint for the design of the Huaxia anti-ship missile carrier.

The more representative of the middle and late stage of the American medium bomber in World War II is the B25J bomber, which is equipped with 12 M2 large-caliber machine guns and has 4,600 rounds of ammunition. And with a 4,000-pound bomb and 4,300L of fuel, it can have a combat radius of 685 nautical miles! IN THIS LOAD-BEARING SITUATION, THE AIRCRAFT IS SLOWER, AND THE MAXIMUM SPEED CAN REACH MORE THAN 470 KM AT AN ALTITUDE OF 15,000 FEET.

This performance is already quite good, and some people may take the more than 6,000 pounds of bomb load of late-stage bombers such as the JU88-A14. But in fact, the other side is trading light armament and sacrificing fuel load for a large bomb load. And under normal circumstances, the bomb load of JU88A17 torpedo attack aircraft is only 2 torpedoes weighing about 2200 pounds. And to calculate it carefully, the B25J's table xiàn is even better. LET'S TALK ABOUT ARMAMENT FIRST, THE USUAL SELF-DEFENSE WEAPONS OF THE LATER JU88 BOMBER ARE 2 7.92MM MACHINE GUNS AND 2 13MM MACHINE GUNS, WHICH CANNOT BE COMPARED WITH THE SELF-DEFENSE FIREPOWER OF THE B25J BOMBER LIKE A FIRE HEDGEHOG. As for the conversion between internal oil and bomb. IT CAN BE REFERRED TO SUCH A STANDARD, WHEN THE JU88 CARRIES 2400KG BOMBS. Its internal oil is 1221 kg. And when carrying a 1500KG bomb, its internal oil is 2105kg. IN TOTAL, THE TOTAL CARRYING CAPACITY OF THE JU88 FOR INTERNAL OIL AND BOMBS IS ABOUT 3600KG.

The B25J bomber has about 3200KG of full fuel, and 4000 pounds of bombs can also be converted into 1800 kg, and the total amount of bombs and internal oil is about 5000KG. It is a notch higher than the JU88A series, (note that the number jù of JU88 in the above conversion is the number jù of the earlier model, so it is low, but the author believes that even if the later model is counted, the B25J still has an advantage in terms of load.) The only advantage of the JU88A family is the ability to dive, which is not necessary for guided weapons. In terms of speed, the speed of the B25J is about the same as that of the JU88A. In terms of engine, B25J uses a 1700 horsepower R2600 air-cooled engine, while JU88A uses a JUMO211J liquid-cooled engine with about 1400 horsepower. (Even the DO217 bomber, which has a relatively large internal oil, only has 773 gallons of internal oil.) It's still a little less than the B25, and it's also not capable of diving at a high angle. ）

Thanks to the book friend zhouyu1976 for the tip~~~, and the book friend Alex-hu's monthly pass support ~~~~. (To be continued......)