23 Trip to the Far East (Part II)
"The British are ready to play tricks again!"
After Lierwin left, Kirikazejevich said indignantly. For centuries, the foreign policy of the British people was quite obscene, to put it bluntly, it was to constantly create contradictions and disputes, so that the enemies of Britain could kill each other and pull each other back, so as to achieve the goal of safeguarding Britain's national interests.
It can be said that the European powers have never been pitted by the British, and this time, in the eyes of Kirikazevich, the British are ready to pit them again, which is a clear attempt to create contradictions between the Soviet Union and the Japanese, and is ready to take advantage of the fisherman.
Does Li Xiaofeng know? Naturally, it is clear that the United Kingdom, a two-skinned country, has always been shameless, so obscene that people are speechless, and they will do whatever it takes to achieve their goals, and it can be said that they can't stick to 502.
However, for the time being, he did not intend to turn against the British, for the following reasons: first, although the British had very obscene aims and means, from the general direction, the two sides had a common language to curb Japan's ambitions; Second, what are the benefits of turning the other cheek with the British? On the contrary, this will only make the British more obscene, and may even allow the British to directly encourage the Japanese to "go north". Obviously, this is not the time to offend the British directly, and you can only endure it; Third, the British will play conspiracy and tricks, so he Li Xiaofeng will not be hypocritical? Isn't it just a trick? Who is afraid of whom, and who will be cheated in the end is not certain!
Of course, there were still some of the conditions put forward by the British that made Li Xiaofeng excited, and Li Erwen hinted that she could do the work in Nanjing, so that the Nanjing side would not interfere too much with the war of resistance in the north, especially not to attack the Chahar People's Anti-Japanese Alliance.
Li Xiaofeng attaches great importance to this point, and in history, the Chahar People's Anti-Japanese Alliance was not destroyed under the joint encirclement and suppression of the Japanese army, the Central Army, the Northwest Army, and the Jin Army. If you can make Nanjing not so black. The life of the Chahar People's Anti-Japanese Alliance should be a little better.
So. Did Britain have that much influence on Nanjing? Objectively speaking. Yes. And this brings us to the world economic crisis mentioned earlier. In the second half of 1933, with Roosevelt coming to power, the United States abandoned the gold standard and instead raised the international silver price, simply put, by raising the international silver price to increase the purchasing power of the silver standard countries (which is not necessarily a good thing), so as to dump excess goods on the silver standard countries.
And which was the most important silver standard country in the world at that time? Naturally, China is the only one. After the Americans pulled up the price of silver. China is facing a terrible situation in which the value of the currency has risen greatly and the export of silver has been tightened. In this situation, it is quite difficult for the state to collect taxes, and the emptiness of the treasury has triggered a fiscal crisis. It can be said that it fundamentally shook the ruling foundation of the Nanjing Nationalist Government.
In such a fateful situation, in order to alleviate the currency crisis and maintain its rule, Nanjing naturally had to find a way to resist the Americans' "currency war", but with China's national strength at that time, how could it be a wealthy opponent of US imperialism, and to put it mildly, in the financial field, US imperialism could crush Lao Chiang to death with one finger.
Under these circumstances, Nanjing, which was financially unsustainable, carried out currency reform in 1935. The silver standard was abandoned in favor of fiat currency. The problem is that there are reserves for the issuance of currency. And the Nanjing Nationalist Government at that time was really a dick, and it couldn't afford to pay this money at all. In other words, if you want to complete the monetary reform, you must first find reserves.
So where does this reserve come from? Naturally, I had to find a loan from a group of powerful hooligans. That is, to borrow money from the big hooligans. And at that time, the world economic crisis had not completely passed, and if you didn't give people benefits, why should people help you.
Anyway, in March 1935, both Japan and the United States rejected the British's proposal for collective aid to China. In the end, only the British, who had the greatest interests in China, came on their own and put forward a plan for the reform of the currency system of freight forwarding to China.
The core of this is that China should abandon the silver standard as much as possible; Issued by the Central Bank, which specializes in banknotes; Britain could only provide loan assistance if China adopted the pound sterling as the basis for its currency; The exchange rate between this new note and the pound sterling should not exceed 1 yuan equal to 1 shilling and 2 pence; China could sell its cash abroad to obtain enough foreign exchange to prevent the collapse of the new currency; Prior to the currency reform, China could ask for a loan as a foreign exchange reserve, and the UK could provide a loan or credit for currency reform only.
And the Chinese side should accept the following conditions: (1) adequate security for the loan, including the retention of British General Revenue Administration's administration of customs; (2) the use of control loans, the use of which is limited to currency reform; (3) restructuring the central bank and hiring British advisers; (4) Reform the budget.
In fact, the conditions of the British were far more than so harsh, and even involved the sovereignty issue of Northeast China, and even wanted China to recognize the puppet Manchukuo as a condition and join Japan to give Nanjing a loan.
Of course, these conditions of the British were not finally realized, because Japan categorically refused (the Japanese are not stupid, because the substantial benefits were all taken away by the British, and whether the puppet Manchukuo wanted to be recognized by Nanking or not was only symbolic. The international community cannot be allowed to spit out without recognizing it. On the contrary, for the sake of this false name, he obediently lent money to China with the United Kingdom, which is stupid).
And as Nanjing and Britain continued to get closer, they almost joined the pound sterling system, and the Americans finally couldn't sit still, so they finally made a decisive move to finally sign the "Sino-US Silver Agreement".
Anyway, everyone just needs to know that in the early thirties, Nanjing and London were quite close to each other, and if there was no American interference, they would have joined the pound sterling system. Of course, in the end, it did not completely get rid of British influence, and in fact, the support of Britain and the United States was the most important reason why the final fiat currency reform was able to continue, especially because it was able to achieve a certain success without strong interference from Japan. That is, through the currency reform, the Nanjing Nationalist Government officially entered the circle of interests of Britain and the United States, and became the horse boy of the people (finance was almost controlled by the people).
That is to say, in this era, the British still have a very strong ability to guide the policy of Nanjing, if the British clearly express their displeasure. Nanjing really knows how to pee. But don't expect too much from the British. At this time, their life is not easy either. Although there was an idea of curbing Japanese expansion, it was more inclined to use political and economic means to achieve its goals, and it was unrealistic to expect the British to help in substance.
Of course, this little influence is better than nothing, and it is worth it to exchange a weak price for the help of the British. However, the decision on this matter is not up to Li Xiaofeng, all he can do is to report the meaning of the British, as well as his personal analysis and advice, to the Politburo. Everyone has to listen to the Politburo's ruling.
During this period, Li Xiaofeng had more important things to do, although he had contacted Feng Yuxiang before, but at this time, Feng Yuxiang wanted no one to have power, and he still needed to contact the old department.
At this time, between May and July, the troops of Feng Yuxiang's old subordinates, Ji Hongchang and Fang Zhenwu, raised the banner of resistance against Japan as in history. Among them, Fang Zhenwu sold all his family property, collected 100,000 military expenses, and formed the Anti-Japanese National Salvation Army after gathering the old department in Jiexiu, Shanxi, and went all the way north.
Meanwhile. Lao Jiang and He Yingqin repeatedly ordered Fang Zhenwu not to go north, and his subordinates were only allowed to go south to suppress the Communists. At one time, seven divisions were mobilized to encircle and suppress Fang Zhenwu's headquarters. Feng Yuxiang and Li Xiaofeng reached a preliminary agreement. On May 26, when the establishment of the Chahar People's Anti-Japanese Alliance Army was announced in Zhangjiakou, Fang Zhenwu immediately responded positively, writing in a telegram: "Zhenwu is not sensitive, he has led tens of thousands of athletes, wholeheartedly supports, repairs my sword, annihilates the other side of the ferocious, wins as a brigade of Shaokang, and loses as Tian Heng's 500."
At the same time, Ji Hongchang and his troops also joined the allied army, and the two armies set out from Wanquan (now Zhangjiakou), all the way to the north, first conquered Zhangbei, and then recovered Kangbao, and recovered Baochang and Guyuan on July 1, and recovered Duolun on July 12, which was in the limelight for a while.
That is to say, by July 12, the Japanese puppet forces were basically expelled from Chahar Province. At this time, the Chahar Anti-Japanese Allied Army also reached the highest peak in history. What followed was a series of tragedies, under the operation of He Yingqin and Lao Jiang, on the one hand, they mobilized 100,000 troops to encircle and suppress the anti-Japanese allied army, and on the other hand, they also carried out a large-scale political and Jin Yuan offensive, using both soft and the one hand, bribing and co-opting the headquarters of the allied army, and on the other hand, coercing Feng Yuxiang to leave. By August, only 15,000 of the Anti-Japanese Allied Army, which had been forced to reach the 90,000 mark, remained. Moreover, Feng Yuxiang was also forced to return to Taishan, Shandong under great political pressure to recuperate.
It was clear that in July, the Anti-Japanese Allied Army had reached a turning point in history, and if Li Xiaofeng did not intervene, this force would soon collapse.
According to Li Xiaofeng's plan, the anti-Japanese allied army, led by Ji Hongchang and Fang Zhenwu, should move north from Duolun to the north of Chahar and establish a base in the northern part of Chahar Province. In the north, Ma Zhanshan marched from north to south, out of Manchuria, and established an anti-Japanese base in the southwestern part of Hung Yen Province. It is better to let the two base areas be connected together, and the Soviet Union and Outer Mongolia at that time will hold on to the Japanese Kwantung Army for a long time.
However, now, with the "great good", different arguments began to appear within the Allied Army, and some people thought that continuing to go north did not seem to be a good choice, the central part of Chahar Province was two deserts, and the north of Duolun was almost barren, and the development of anti-Japanese armed forces in this area seemed to have little trouble. A more correct approach would be to go south, seize Beiping, and establish an anti-Japanese base in the Beiping area.
Does this idea make sense? There is indeed a certain amount of truth, the northern part of Chahar is indeed too desolate, compared with the Beiping area, which has better population and economic conditions, it is simply a heaven and an underground, and the difficulty of going north is indeed relatively great.
But the question is, are there fewer problems going south? The group of warlords in the south, whether it is Zhang Shaoshuai's Northeast Army, Yan Xishan's Jin Army, or Lao Jiang's Central Army, which one is easy to get along with, how can they give you a big city like Beiping for nothing?
With the strength of the anti-Japanese allied forces at that time, it was not enough to fight these forces head-to-head. And at this time, at the request of Lao Jiang, these anti-Japanese allied forces are already sharpening their knives, and they will clean you up if they don't go south, and I'm afraid that if they go south, they will directly rush into their encirclement. So going south may look beautiful, but in fact it is a huge pit.
In fact, Ji Hongchang didn't really want to go south, according to his original idea, he should go west to Shangdu, go to Shangdu to join Gao Shuxun's department, establish a base in the northern area of Suiyuan, and then receive the Soviet armed forces for a long time to resist the war.
The problem is that Ji Hongchang's idea went bankrupt at the beginning, and after advancing westward for a while. was besieged by Yan Xishan's subordinates. In desperation, he could only be forced to go east to join Fang Zhenwu. And Fang Zhenwu's life is not easy either. With the signing of the Sino-Japanese Tanggu Armistice Agreement, in fact, the north of the Great Wall became the territory of the Japanese, and the Japanese army was constantly attacking and warning Fang Zhenwu, ordering him to leave immediately.
In this case, both Ji Hongchang and Fang Zhenwu are a little open-minded, and they are ready to reorganize the Chahar People's Anti-Japanese Alliance Army into an "anti-Japanese thief" army as in history, and prepare to go south to "fight thieves" first. It can be seen how indignant Ji Hongchang and Fang Zhenwu were at that time.
Fortunately, with the addition of a certain immortal in this time and space, the situation is not exactly the same, with his strong support, Feng Yuxiang did not flinch, and still firmly stayed in Zhangjiakou to preside over the overall situation. With him here, the old Northwest Army at both ends of his snakes and rats must be restrained even if they are careful.
With Feng Yuxiang in charge, the forces at both ends of the anti-Japanese alliance army naturally could not be as rampant as in history, and as he tried his best to insist on going north, the plan to go south was shelved.
However, this does not mean that the situation has completely improved, and what is the situation after going north. No one can guarantee it. After all, the first thing to encounter when going north is the Japanese, whether they can cross the desert and the Japanese to join the Mazhan Mountain. This is a big problem.
Feng Yuxiang has a lot of problems, Ma Zhanshan's side is quite smooth, although his men and horses are less than the anti-Japanese allies, and the composition is also very mixed, but he has one of the biggest advantages, that is, he has a big tree to enjoy the shade with his back. With the direct support of the Soviet Union, he quickly defeated the puppet Manchukuo army, recovered Manchuria, and began to advance in the direction of Hailar after reorganizing his troops and horses, according to the previous plan, after capturing Hailar, his troops will immediately go south and establish an anti-Japanese base at the junction of Chahar, Rehe, Liaobei and Xing'an provinces.
"Do you think Ma Zhanshan can capture Hailar?"
Li Xiaofeng has no bottom on this problem of Blyukher, the reason is very simple, Hailar is the capital of Hung Yen Province after all, and in the desolate northeast, it is a big city. And Ma Zhanshan's troops captured Manchuria and expanded all the way to less than 10,000 people, and the capture of Hailar was indeed difficult. In fact, Li Xiaofeng had no intention of taking Hailar before, and a big city like this would definitely attract the attention of the Kwantung Army, and it was impossible to allow it to fall into the hands of Ma Zhanshan. Once Ma Zhanshan captures Hailar, the next step will definitely be to encircle and suppress it.
Speaking from the heart, it's dangerous to do this. However, Ma Zhanshan insisted on doing this, the reason is very simple, first of all, big cities are more eye-catching, people go to high places, Ma Zhanshan is definitely not willing to take people and horses to fight against Japan in the ravine. Occupying a big city, in his opinion, has the bottom of his heart; Secondly, as a general who surrendered to the enemy, Ma Zhanshan cherished his feathers very much, and he was eager to wash away the political stain of the previous defection to the enemy, and recovering the provincial capital of Fu'an Province was undoubtedly the best way.
In short, Ma Zhanshan's desire for Hailar is incomprehensible, and at this time, Li Xiaofeng asked him not to fight Hailar's idea, how could he listen?
"Let's take one step at a time!" Li Xiaofeng sighed.
Because he only worked with Ma Zhanshan and Feng Yuxiang for a few months, he felt tired, these people had their own ideas, and their ideas were so unique and strange, and they did not listen to persuasion at all, which shows that the problem of revolution in China is indeed a hundred times more complicated than in Russia. This was true of patriotic generals like Feng Yuxiang and Ma Zhanshan, and even more so with other capricious warlords.
As Sun Yat-sen's military adviser, he was quite aware of China's complex problems, and if it was possible, he really wanted to rely only on his own Far Eastern Red Banner Front to solve Japan's problems.
"Do you want me to help Ma Zhanshan in person?" Blyukhel asked.
This is probably the only way Blyukhel can think of it, but Li Xiaofeng doesn't think it's a good idea. First of all, the Politburo did not intend to turn against the Japanese immediately, and it was not appropriate for the officers of the Red Army to directly participate in this matter. In particular, the highest-ranking generals like Blyukhel are not suitable for participation; Secondly, Ma Zhanshan was not completely at ease with the Soviet Union, he was still worried that the Soviet Union was using him, and at this time, Blyukhel went to help him command the battle, which would make Ma Zhanshan think that this was a seizure of military power. If you don't do it well, it will become a good intention, and it will become a bad thing, and it will be self-defeating.
"We can only believe in Ma Zhanshan now, and we can only believe in the determination of the Chinese people to protect their homes and defend the country!" Li Xiaofeng said with a bitter face.
On July 15, just as the Anti-Japanese Allied Army began to move north, the Northeast Anti-Japanese National Salvation Army led by Ma Zhanshan also began to attack Hailar.
The spectacle was spectacular, at least in Ma Zhanshan's view, and this kind of tactical coordination was already very difficult in the Chinese army at that time, and more often the untrained soldiers rushed into the battlefield in a chaotic manner, only to fight on instinct.
And now, after the training of the Soviet military advisers, his soldiers are a little more professional, the machine guns are like decent cover, and the short burst sounds so comfortable.
Ma Zhanshan confidently pointed at Hailar in the distance with a horsewhip, and said loudly to his subordinates: "It's not a problem to take Hailar!" (To be continued......)
PS: Bow and thank you for killing potatoes in seconds, drinking thousands of cups and not getting drunk, hzwangdd and Comrade Juventus!