Reiner was silent when confronted with the question of Lord Dmitry.

Claire looked at Reiner with some trepidation, and she saw that Reiner seemed to be thinking, and it took about a minute before she spoke.

"To be precise, President Dmitry, I think the photoelectric effect reflects the particle nature of light."

He seemed to repeat superfluous words, but they made the two high-level mages have a lot of thoughts.

"Particle?"

Lord Field, sensing the peculiarity of Reiner's words, asked.

"You mean that light has the nature of a particle, but it is not a particle?"

"I can't be sure of my guess for the time being, as we all know, light can interfere and diffraction phenomena, which is the property of waves, but in the photoelectric effect, light takes on the characteristics of particles, which is the reason for the dispute, according to the razor principle, we should not assume that light is complex, so the focus of the debate is which side of light belongs to."

Reiner said as he pondered the words, but he could not yet assert the wave-particle duality of light, so he did not dare to propose the concept.

Even the most knowledgeable high-level mages must not be able to quickly accept the crazy idea that light is a wave and a particle, not to mention that the two factions have been arguing for a long time, and they definitely don't want an ambiguous answer.

"But isn't it possible that light is a wave with particle properties, or a particle with wave properties?"

Reiner's words were like a bolt from the blue, causing the two high-ranking mages to be stunned.

"No such substance has been found so far."

Lord Field said with some bitterness that the mages of the alchemy system are at the forefront of the analysis of matter, but now they have not found substances with two properties at the same time, as Reiner said.

Defining is often harder than discovering because this will serve as a benchmark.

"Well, but at least, the photoelectric effect verifies that light has the properties of particles, and at the same time proves the correctness of the Stein formula and the Stein constant."

Reiner nodded, he lacked the means to verify it, but he already knew about another application of Stein's formula.

"The theory of energy discontinuity is correct and verifiable, two Excellencies, I think this theory can solve a problem we are currently experiencing."

Continuing to argue about whether light is a wave or a particle yielded no results, Reiner brought up another study.

"What's the problem?"

President Dmitry had not yet reassured himself from Reiner's casual speculation, and the wave theory of light and particle theory had been going on for years, and it was difficult for mages to accept the claim that light possessed both properties unless there was clear evidence to prove it.

Hearing that Reiner had a new idea, President Dmitry was no longer entangled and hurriedly asked.

"Questions about atomic models."

Reiner moved his finger slightly, and the Stein formula and the corresponding equation of optoelectronics that had appeared in mid-air immediately disappeared, turning into an atomic model.

In this model, the nucleus is a small point, and on the periphery, countless electrons are galloping, moving in a circular motion around the nucleus, which is the nucleus-like model derived from the current theory.

"This is now an atomic model recognized by mages, and it can basically explain the problems that arise in the gold leaf experiment, but it also leaves some questions."

Reiner said, causing the two elemental masters to nod slightly.

"First of all, in this model, the trajectory of the electrons cannot be confirmed, and although it is possible to calculate the theoretical orbit from the mass and charge, it cannot explain why the properties of the elements change periodically if the electrons are distributed in the same orbit."

This question is very simple, the properties of the elements will be periodic, then there must be some similarities between the atoms of the elements with similar properties, and the mass of the nucleus is different, so the law can only be found from the side of the electron.

If the electrons are in the same orbital sphere, then which electron is in which orbital, how this is determined, and what the different elements rely on to form the periodic nature are all open questions.

There is also speculation that electrons are like planets orbiting stars, scattered in different orbits without interfering with each other, but this does not explain why these electrons are so peaceful.

In addition, according to the Newington-Holland equation, when the electron orbits the nucleus, it will inevitably release electromagnetic waves, and at the same time, the energy of the electron will gradually decrease, and finally fall to the nucleus and be destroyed, but this is inconsistent with the experimental phenomenon, and the atom will not have a rapid decrease in electrons.

Finally, when spectroscopy was performed on the atoms of some elements, the mages found that the spectra of these atoms showed several clear spectral lines, contrary to the statement that the electron orbitals were consistent.

"What do you think?"

Lord Field also had some research on atomic models, and he felt these problems very deeply, and his intuition told him that he might need some new ideas or theories to solve them.

"I was wondering if I could apply the theory of energy discontinuity to the atomic model."

Reiner said, waving his finger, and the original atomic model immediately changed, and although the electrons still orbited the nucleus, many layers had been separated.

"The energy of microscopic particles cannot be changed continuously, so the electrons are actually distributed in several definite orbitals, and the movement in this orbit does not lose energy, nor can it be obtained, it is a steady state, according to calculations, the electrons closest to the nucleus have the lowest energy, and the farther away has the highest."

Listening to Reiner's explanation, the two high-level mages were stunned, they knew the theory of energy discontinuity, and they also knew the atomic model, but they didn't expect that the two could be combined in this way.

"When the electron gets energy, it will change its orbit and move outward, this kind of movement I call the transition, and obviously, with the change of energy, it will inevitably emit or absorb energy in the form of electromagnetic waves, and the relationship between the wavelength of this electromagnetic wave and the energy, I think should be able to satisfy the Stein constant."

In fact, this is also the explanation of the photoelectric effect on the atomic model, Reiner added

Without much time to think, Reiner continued to speak in one go.

"At the same time, the periodicity of the element should be related to the outer arrangement of the electrons, and if we analyze it spectrally, we should be able to determine the orbits of the individual electrons by the wavelength of the spectral lines, calculate them, and if the Stein formula is satisfied, then this conjecture can be confirmed."

Reiner's list of theories and methods of verification was understood almost immediately by President Dmitry and His Excellency Field.

The two looked at each other, then at Reiner.

"We're going to experiment now."