Zhuge Liang in history:

Zhuge Liang (8th of the month), the word Kongming, the name Wolong, Xuzhou Langya Yangdu (now Yinan County, Linyi City, Shandong), the prime minister of Shu and Han during the Three Kingdoms period, an outstanding politician, military strategist, writer, inventor. Zhuge Liang lived in seclusion in Nanyang in his early years. Later, Liu Bei invited Zhuge Liang to join forces with Sun to resist Cao, and defeated Cao's army in the Battle of Chibi. In 211, he won Hanzhong with Liu Bei. In 221, Zhuge Liang was appointed prime minister of Shu Han and presided over the government. In 234, he died of illness in Wuzhangyuan, and Liu Chan posthumously named him the Marquis of Zhongwu, and later generations often called Zhuge Liang as Marquis of Wuhou. The Eastern Jin Dynasty posthumously named him the king of Wuxing. He once invented the wooden ox flowing horse Kong Ming lantern, etc., and transformed the crossbow. Representative prose works include "The Teacher's Table" and "The Book of Commandments".

Zhuge Liang was born in the fourth year of Emperor Guanghe of the Han Dynasty (181) in a family of officials in Yangdu County, Langya County, Zhuge is the wang family of Langya, the ancestor Zhuge Feng was a lieutenant of the Sili School when Emperor Yuan of the Western Han Dynasty, and Zhuge Liang's father Zhuge Jue was a Taishan County Cheng in the late Eastern Han Dynasty; Zhuge Liang's mother Zhang died of illness when he was 3 years old, Zhuge Liang lost his father when he was 8 years old, and his younger brother Zhuge Jun followed his uncle Zhuge Xuan, who was appointed by Yuan Shu as Yuzhang Taishou, to Yuzhang (now Nanchang, Jiangxi) to take office, and the Eastern Han Dynasty sent Zhu Hao to replace Zhuge Xuan's position, and Zhuge Xuan went to Jingzhou Liu Biao.

In the second year of Jian'an (197), Zhuge Xuan died, Zhuge Liang lived in seclusion in Longzhong, and liked to recite "Liang Fu Yin" on weekdays, and often compared himself with Guan Zhong Leyi.

Zhuge Liang had friends with Sima Hui, Pang Degong, Huang Chengyan, etc. Huang Chengyan once said to Zhuge Liang: "I heard that you want to choose a wife, there is an ugly girl in my family, with yellow hair and black skin, but her talent can match you." Zhuge Liang promised this family affair and married her. At that time, people used it as a joke for fun, and the township even made a proverb: "Don't be a Kong Ming to choose a woman, just get an ugly girl", but there is also a saying that Huang Yueying herself is extremely beautiful, so she was jealous of other young women in the township and slandered her appearance.

Longzhong countermeasures

In the sixth year of Jian'an (201), Liu Bei was defeated by Cao Cao and defected to Jingzhou Liu Biao at the same time, actively contacting local heroes. At that time, Liu Bei was attached to Liu Biao and stationed troops in Xinye (located in present-day Nanyang, Henan). Later, when Sima Hui met with Liu Bei, he said: "Those Confucian scholars are all people with shallow knowledge, how can they understand the affairs and situation of the world? Being able to understand the current situation of affairs is a good man. At this time, there were only Wolong (Zhuge Liang) and Phoenix Chick (Pang Tong). Zhuge Liang was recommended by Xu Shu again, Liu Bei hoped that Xu Shu would lead Liang to see him, but Xu Shu suggested: "This person can go to see him, and he can't be bent to come here." Generals should deign to visit.

Liu Bei went to visit in person, and went three times to see Zhuge Liang. After meeting Zhuge Liang, Liu Bei asked others to avoid it and asked him: "Now that the Han family is declining, traitorous ministers are doing things under the pretense of the emperor's orders, and the emperor has lost his power. I didn't measure my own virtue and ability, and I wanted to revive the world with righteousness, but my wisdom and strategy were not enough, so I often failed until today. However, my ambition is still not settled, is there any plan that my husband can help me? ”

Zhuge Liang

Zhuge Liang then told him about the plan of three parts of the world. Zhuge Liang analyzed: "Since Dong Zhuo was in power, heroes have risen from all over the country, occupying countless states and counties. Compared with Yuan Shao, Cao Cao's prestige is very small, but the reason why Cao Cao was able to defeat Yuan Shao in the end and defeat the strong with the weak is not only relying on the time of heaven, but also the proper planning of people. Now Cao Cao has an army of one million, and he coerces the Son of Heaven to order the princes, which really can't compete with him.

Sun Quan occupied Jiangdong, has been three generations, the terrain is dangerous, the people are attached, and talented people are appointed, he can only be used as foreign aid, but not to seek him. Jingzhou is connected to Wu County and Huiji County to the east, and it is connected to Ba County and Shu County in the west, which is a place that everyone has to fight for, but its owner is not able to defend it. Yizhou has a dangerous terrain, vast and fertile land, and superior natural conditions, with which Gaozu established the imperial industry.

Liu Zhang was mediocre and cowardly, Zhang Lu occupied Hanzhong in the north, the people were rich and rich, but Liu Zhang did not know how to cherish, and talented people were eager to get a virtuous monarch.

If the general can occupy the two states of Jingyi, hold the dangerous places, make peace with the various ethnic groups in the west, appease the ethnic minorities in the south, unite Sun Quan externally, and reform politics internally; Once the situation in the world has changed, send a general to lead the army of Jingzhou to the Central Plains, general, you personally lead the army of Yizhou from Qinchuan attack, who dares to welcome the general without a bamboo basket with food, with a pot of wine? If this can really be done, then the cause of hegemony can be successful, and the Han family can be revived. ”

This treatise was later called the "Longzhong Pair". Liu Bei praised after hearing this, and invited Zhuge Liang to help, so Zhuge Liang went out of the mountain and entered the scene. Liu Bei often discussed with him, and the relationship became closer and closer. Guan Yu, Zhang Fei and the others were very displeased, and Liu Bei explained to them: "I have Kong Ming, just like a fish getting water, I hope you don't talk about it anymore." Guan Yu, Zhang Fei and the others stopped complaining. Zhuge Liang's "Longzhong Pair" was the basic national policy of Liu Bei and Shu Han in the following decades, and Zhuge Liang was 27 years old at the time.

wet behind the ears

In the thirteenth year of Jian'an (208), Liu Biao's eldest son Liu Qi was very important. Liu Biao's wife, Liu Qi's stepmother, Cai's repeated slander, Liu Biao doted on his young son Liu Cong, and gradually became displeased with Liu Qi. Liu Qi asked Zhuge Liang several times for advice on self-security, but Zhuge Liang always excused himself and did not plan for it.

Liu Qi used the method of going up to the house to draw the ladder during a banquet to make Zhuge Liang say the solution. Liu Qi said to Zhuge Liang: "Now the two of us can't go up to the sky, and we can't connect to the ground down, just the two of us, the words come from your mouth and enter my ears, no one else knows, can you say it now?" Zhuge Liang said to Liu Qi in desperation: "Can't you see that in history, Shen Sheng caused disasters in the country, and Chong'er fled abroad to survive?" Liu Qi realized that Zhuge Liang had asked him to go out to protect himself. At that time, Huang Zu was killed by Eastern Wu, and Liu Qi was recommended as Jiangxia Taishou to seek self-protection.

In August of the thirteenth year of Jian'an (208), Liu Biao died of illness and was succeeded by his second son Liu Cong. At that time, after Cao Cao, who was named Han Xiang, unified the north, he led an army of 200,000 to Jingchu in the south, and when he heard the news of Cao Cao's southward movement, he sent an envoy to surrender. Zhuge Liang persuaded Liu Bei to attack Liu Cong in time, but he could take the opportunity to occupy Jingzhou, but Liu Bei couldn't bear it. After Liu Bei learned that Cao Cao's army was heading south in Fancheng, he led his army and people to flee south, and Cao's army caught up with and broke Liu's army at Dangyang Changsaka.

In the same year, Liu Bei was defeated and left Xiakou, and Sun Quan had sent Lu Su to observe the situation before, and suggested to Liu Bei to ask Sun Quan for help, Zhuge Liang recommended himself to Chaisang as a lobbyist and became friends with Lu Su.

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