In August, the great Sima Cao Xiu did not follow the plan, and went down to Anhui City to go deep into the enemy territory to meet the Wu general Zhou Yi, who had surrendered fraudulently, and was ambushed by Lu Xun in Shiting, defeated, and Cao Xiu died of illness.

Guan Long resisted Shu

In the third year of Taihe (229), Zhuge Liang, the prime minister of Shu, sent troops to attack Wei for the third time, and occupied two counties: Wudu (now Wudu District, Longnan, Gansu) and Yinping (now northwest of Wenxian County, Gansu). In the fourth year of Taihe (230), Emperor Cao of Wei Ming decided to attack Shu. Promoted Sima Yi to be the general, increased the governor, fake Huang Yue, and cut down Shu with the great Sima Cao Zhen. In August, Emperor Wei Ming ordered Cao Zhen to lead the main force from Chang'an into the Meridian Valley, General Zuo Zhang out of the Valley, Sima Yi from Jingzhou to the Han River out of the West City, and the generals divided into three ways to attack Hanzhong. Sima Yi opened up the road from Xicheng, advanced by land and water, went up the river along the river, went straight to Quren, conquered Xinfeng County, garrisoned Dankou, and then encountered heavy rain.

Zhuge Liang's Northern Expedition

In February of the fifth year of Taihe (231), Zhuge Liang led the fourth northern expedition to Wei, surrounded Qishan Jia Si and Wei Pingbu, and transported grain and grass with wooden oxen and horses, and Cao sent Sima Yi to garrison Chang'an to defend the Shu army. Sima Yi left Fei Yao and Dai Ling to lead 4,000 people to defend it, and led the main force west to rescue Qishan. Zhang persuaded Sima Yi to divide his troops and garrison them in Yong and the two places to serve as the rear town of the army, but Sima Yi disagreed. Advance to Yu Elk and fight against Zhuge Liang.

The outcome of this battle is recorded differently in different historical books. In "The Book of Jin Xuan Emperor Ji", Sima Yi defeated the Shu army; But in "The Spring and Autumn Period of the Han and Jin Dynasties", Zhuge Liang defeated the Wei army. In addition, there are different versions of the death of the Wei general Zhang during this period, in "Zhang Biography", Zhang did not listen to Sima Yi's advice and took the initiative to attack, "The edict of the generals went west to Luoyang, (Zhuge ) Liang also protected Qi Mountain, chased to Mumen, fought with the Liang army, and flew in the right knee, Xu." ”； However, in "Wei Luo", it is recorded that Sima Yi commanded improperly, "King Xuan chased after him, saying: "Military law, the siege of the city will open a way out, and the army should not chase after it." King Xuan didn't listen. As a last resort, I went in. The Shu army rode high and ambushed, the bow and crossbow were messy, and the arrow hit the hip. "It is impossible to determine what the truth of history is.

In the first year of Qinglong (233), Hu Bo Juzi, the Xiongnu lord of Anding and Baosai, rebelled, and Sima Yi sent Hu Zun and others to pursue and surrender. After the Shu army retreated, the military division Du Xi and the overseer Xue Yi both expected Zhuge Liang to invade when the wheat was ripe in the second year, and suggested that he should take advantage of the winter to transfer grain and grass to solve the problem of lack of grain in Longyou. Sima Yi believed: "Zhuge Liang went out of Qishan twice and attacked Chencang once, but he was frustrated and returned. Even if he will send troops in the future, he will no longer attack the city, but seek a field battle, and the location will be in Longdong, not on the west side. Zhuge Liang often hates the lack of grain, and after going back, he will inevitably accumulate grain and grass, I estimate that without three years of savings, Zhuge Liang will not rashly send troops to the Northern Expedition. ”

Against Gojogahara

In February of the second year of Qinglong (234), Shu Prime Minister Zhuge Liang led an army of 100,000 out of the valley to attack Wei. In April, Zhuge Liang went to the county (located in present-day Baoji, Shaanxi) and stationed in the south of Weishui. Sima Yi led the army to cross the Weishui River and built a fortress against the water. The generals wanted to hold Zhuge Liang across the water in Weibei, Sima Yi said: "The grain and property accumulated by the people are all in Weinan, which is a place to fight." Then he crossed the Weishui and camped on the backwater.

At that time, Sima Yi stationed troops in Weinan, Guo Huai estimated that Zhuge Liang would definitely fight for the Northern Plains, advocating to occupy the Northern Plains first, Sima Yi said: "If Zhuge Liang crossed the Weishui and ascended the Northern Plains, he could join the troops in the North Mountain, cut off the Longdao, and deter the subjects of our dynasty and the Hu people, which is a great danger to the country's safety." ”

Many people disagreed, but Sima Yi thought so, so he let Guo Huai Tun soldiers in the northern plains. Soon, Zhuge Liang led a large army to the west, and all the generals thought that Zhuge Liang wanted to attack the western siege. Guo Huai believed that Zhuge Liang's bluff was to make the Wei army respond aggressively, and his goal was Yangsui. At night, the Shu army really attacked Yangsui, but Zhuge Liang failed to succeed because the city had already been prepared. In May, 100,000 Wu troops attacked Wei and cooperated with the Shu army to fight, but were rejected by Manchu. In July, Emperor Cao of Wei Ming led his troops to recruit in person, and the Wu army withdrew.

The ministers thought that Sima Yi was still confronting Zhuge Liang's heavy troops in the west, and he was fortunate to be in Chang'an, while Emperor Wei Ming said: "Sun Quan's army has withdrawn, Zhuge Liang is alone, and it is difficult to become a climate, and the general Sima Yi is enough to resist, and I have nothing to worry about." Zhuge Liang's eastward march was blocked by Sima Yi, and he advanced from Weishui, but Guo Huai blocked it, so he moved his army to capture Dasanguan, Longcheng and other places, and returned to attack Sima Yi.

Zhuge Liang who played against Sima Yi

In August, Sima Yi held on to Zhuge Liang for more than 100 days with the instruction of "refusing to defend the wall and waiting for work at ease". Zhuge Liang challenged several times, but Sima Yi did not come out of the wall to wait for changes. Zhuge Liang sent someone to send Sima Yi the woman's clothes, wanting to provoke Sima Yi to fight, but Sima Yi still did not fight.

In order to appease the dissatisfaction of his subordinates, Sima Yi deliberately pretended to be angry and asked for war. Cao did not allow it, and sent the minister of the bone fish, Xin Bi [pi], to be Sima Yi's military advisor to control his movements. As soon as Zhuge Liang came to challenge, Sima Yi was going to lead the troops to attack, and the Xinbi Staff Festival stood at the military gate, and Sima Yi did not send troops. Jiang Wei, the general of Shu, said to Zhuge Liang: "The Xinbi Staff Festival is coming, and Sima Yi will not fight." Zhuge Liang said: "He has no war situation, so he insists on inviting the fighters to show his strength."

In the army, the king's order is not subject to it, and if you can control me, how can you fight evil for thousands of miles! Zhuge Liang then divided his troops into Tuntian and made preparations for a long-term garrison. Sima Yi's third brother Sima Fu also wrote to ask about the military situation on the front line, and Sima Yi replied: "Liang Zhi is big but not opportunity, more scheming but less decisive, good soldiers but no power, although 100,000 soldiers, have fallen into my painting, and they must be broken." ”

Soon, Zhuge Liang sent an envoy to ask for war, Sima Yi didn't talk about military affairs, and asked the envoy: "How is Zhuge Gong's living and diet, and how much rice can you eat in one meal?" The messenger said, "Three or four liters." Then when asked about political affairs, the envoy said: "The punishment of beating more than 20 military sticks is all read and approved by Zhuge Gong himself." After some casual questioning, Sima Yi said to the person: "Zhuge Liang is going to die." Sure enough, Zhuge Liang died of illness in the Wuzhang Yuan Army that month.

The Shu generals did not mourn secretly, and the whole army retreated. The local people came to report that Sima Yi sent troops to pursue, and the Shu general Yang Yi returned to the flag and sounded the drums, making a counterattack, and Sima Yi retreated with the "poor Kou Mo chasing". At that time, someone said: "Death Zhuge goes to life Zhongda", Sima Yi heard it and laughed and said: "This is because I am good at predicting the things of the living, not at predicting the life and death of people." ”

The next day, Sima Yi inspected Zhuge Liang's camp and praised Zhuge Liang as "a genius in the world". In August of the second year of Qinglong (234), Zhuge Liang died of illness in Wuzhangyuan (in Qishan, Baoji) at the age of 54. Zhuge Liang's Northern Expedition, which lasted for seven years, came to an end. The Shu Han generals Yang Yi and Wei Yan fought for power after the withdrawal of the army, and Yang Yi killed Wei Yan. Sima Yi wanted to take the opportunity to attack Shu, but Emperor Wei Ming did not approve it and gave up.