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Perhaps because the ending of Chang'e becoming a toad is too perverse and unhumane, the story of Chang'e running to the moon has become a pure sad story of joy and sorrow.

"Returning to the Sister" of "Yi Zhan" records Chang'e stealing the elixir and Bu Benyue. "Qin Jian": 'Gui Mei said: The former is always stealing from me and not dying, running to the moon and occupying it. This can be seen in the words of the biography "Returning to Tibet", which shows that Chang'e was known to the world as early as the Shang Dynasty. The author of "Sou Shen Ji" has not only seen "Guizang", but may even have seen "Lianshan", at least it can be said that there is a possibility of indirect benefit, and the story of Chang'e running to the moon can be pushed forward to the Xia Dynasty when it is seen in the text.

The notes of the "Anthology" quote "Return to Tibet" twice, both of which say that Chang E took immortal medicine and ran to the moon. Knowing that the myth of Chang'e has been circulated in ancient times, it did not begin with "Huainanzi", and "Huainan Honglie Collection Explanation" quoted Zhuang Dajiyun: "Auntie, all books are constant, only "Yilin" is constant, "Anthology" notes that this is constant, Huaiwang should be constant, should not be constant, and doubt that "Yilin" is also." Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty is known as Heng'e, and Heng'e is always the meaning.

"Huainan Ziwai Eight Chapters": Yi invited the medicine of immortality to the Queen Mother of the West, and entrusted it to Auntie. Whenever you steal it, you can't steal it, and you want to harm your aunt. E has no plan, swallows the medicine of immortality to ascend to heaven. However, he couldn't bear to leave Yi and stayed in the Moon Palace. Guanghan was lonely, and there was no way to continue, so he urged Wu Gang to cut Gui, and the Jade Rabbit pounded the medicine, wanting to match the medicine of Ascension and return to the world. "Huainan Ziwai Eight Chapters": In the past, Yi hunted in the mountains and met Xi'e under the laurel tree. So with laurel as evidence, it became a match made in heaven.

"Huainan Ziwai Eight Chapters": Yi Wen'e ran to the moon and was in pain. The mother of the moon thanked her for her sincerity, and Yun'e and Yi met under the laurel on the day of the full moon. There are many people who hear about its whispering. Therefore, the Song people have a cloud: "A round of eternal cold and deep, folded osmanthus should be white."

"Huainanzi Lan Yin Xun": "Yi invited the medicine of immortality to the Queen Mother of the West, and she stole it to run to the moon, and she was saddened and mourned, and there was no way to continue." high inducement; "Auntie, Yi's wife; Yi invited the immortal medicine to the Queen Mother of the West, and before she could take it, she stole it from her to get immortals, and ran into the middle of the moon for the moon essence.

The first volume of "Beginner's Notes" quotes the ancient book "Huainanzi", and under the sentence "Auntie steals to run to the moon", there are still 12 characters of "supporting the body in the moon, it is for the toad, and it is the moon spirit".

"The Classic of Mountains and Seas: The Great Wilderness of the West" recorded the "Twelve Birth Moons" of Changxi. The ancient pronunciation reads Xi as E, and gradually evolved into Chang'e who runs to the moon.

"Collected Explanations" quoted Hong Yixuanyun: "It is said that there is no word for the text, and it is created by later generations." ”

In the early Qing Dynasty, "The Biography of Xia Zhi": Taikang, the king of the Xia Dynasty, saw that Hou Yi's wife Chang'e was beautiful, so he wanted to exchange it for Youzhou. Hou Yi agreed. Chang'e then secretly took the immortal medicine and resolutely soared.

"The Book of the Later Han Dynasty: The Biography of the Southern Barbarians" records such a bizarre legend:

When Emperor Yu was in power, the Huaxia were surrounded by uncivilized ethnic minorities. Among them, the Inurong tribe located in the western part of the Central Plains often invaded eastward. Emperor Yu led his army to conquer several times, but he always couldn't defeat him. In desperation, the emperor had no choice but to recruit capable people from all over the world, promising that whoever could take the head of General Wu, the leader of the dog Rong, would reward him with a wife, a thousand catties of gold, and ten thousand households.

Emperor Yu raised a divine dog with colorful fur and a name called Pan Gu. Pan Gu not only understands people's minds, but also understands human language. Hearing that there was such a heavy reward, he immediately ran to the Dog Rong camp and stayed with General Wu to go undercover. After General Wu relaxed his vigilance, Pan Gu waited for an opportunity to bite off his head and returned to Emperor Yu to ask for merit and reward. Where have the ministers around Emperor Yu seen such a miraculous thing, they were all stupid. Carefully inspect the head, it is indeed General Wu's. The emperor had no idea at this time, and wanted to feed it something delicious, but the emperor's daughter thought that since the emperor had made a promise, he should not go back. Now that no woman is willing to marry a dog, she is willing to set a precedent of "marrying a chicken with a chicken, marrying a dog with a dog". Emperor Yu had no other way, so he married his daughter to Pan Gu.

Another version says: When Pan Gu saw that Emperor Yu repented, he suddenly made a human voice and asked Emperor Yu to put it in the golden bell, and it could become a human after seven days and seven nights. Emperor Yu put the pan in the Admiralty as requested. But Emperor Yu had a daughter who was very curious, and before it was seven days, she came to see it. At this time, Pan Gu's body has turned into a human form, but the head has not yet become a "human model", and it is still "dog-like". The princess had a bad deal and had to marry the "human dog-faced" pan gourd.

After Pan Gu got this princess, he carried her to live in a cave in the mountains south of the Central Plains. Emperor Yu missed his daughter very much, and sent people to the mountains many times to look for him. But as long as the mountain search team is dispatched, it will either be stormy or the ground will shake, and it will not be able to enter at all.

This daughter of Emperor Yu has super fertility, and the Book of the Later Han Dynasty says, "After three years, twelve children were born." Six men and six women". After Pan Gu's death, there were still no outsiders in the place where his descendants lived, so the brothers and sisters of the six men and six women had to "inbreeding". They cut the bark, weaved weeds for clothing, and dyed the material with colored plants. These people all have a tail on their finished clothes, presumably a dog's tail to commemorate the pang.

Later, the emperor's daughter returned to the Central Plains and told her father about this hard life. Emperor Yu immediately sent someone to bring these grandsons and granddaughters back. However, the descendants of Pan Gu, who are dressed in strange costumes, because they have lived in a closed environment since childhood, are completely different from the Huaxia people, they are used to crossing mountains and mountains, but they will not go through the plain rivers, and even the language of communication is completely different. The emperor had no choice but to respect their living habits and give them a large area of mountains and lakes in the south of the Central Plains, and these descendants have since multiplied there and are called barbarians.

Although these things recorded in the history books are absurd, the purpose is to show that the ethnic minorities in southern China are actually the descendants of the emperor's daughter. Nowadays, among the Yao, She (pronounced "luxury") and other ethnic minorities in southern China, there are still legends about Pan Gu, and there are preserved "Zutu" (i.e., Dog Emperor Shitu) and "Dog Emperor Song", believing that "dog" is the ancestor, and "stone dog" has become a totem symbol.

Posterity

Legend of Funiu Mountain

Legend has it that before Chang'e ran to the moon, a god brought a black cow she raised into the heavenly palace and was sent by the Queen Mother to cultivate the land in the peach orchard. Once, Chang'e went to the Heavenly Palace to borrow cattle to plough the land, but the Queen Mother disagreed. The black bull quietly took Chang'e's clothes to the Moon Palace. When the Queen Mother found out, she was furious and sent the black bull into the East China Sea to be punished. The kind-hearted Chang'e sent a toad to rescue the black bull from the sea. The Queen Mother sent the generals to capture the black bull, and the black bull plunged into the crypt and hid, and was sealed inside by the vicious generals. The black bull turned into a huge sacred cow, but it never managed to break through the ground and get out. Since then, the flat land has risen 800 miles of Funiu Mountain. I want to talk about "Glory of Kings: Sanction System" with more like-minded people, pay attention to "excellent reading literature" on WeChat, talk about life, and find confidants~