1. Positioning method of acupoints

Whether the acupuncture points are accurate or not directly affects the efficacy of acupuncture. Therefore, acupuncture treatment emphasizes accurate acupuncture point extraction. In order to accurately take acupoints, it is necessary to master the positioning method of acupoints. There are 4 commonly used acupoint positioning.

(1) Bone proportional positioning method: It refers to the method of reducing the length between the two bone joints to a certain proportion mainly with the bone joints as the mark, so as to determine the position of the acupoints. Regardless of men and women, young and old, tall and short, fat and thin, they can be measured in themselves according to a certain degree of bone proportion. The current scale of bone size is based on the proportion of each part of the human body as stipulated in the "Lingshu Bone Scale", combined with the scale of folding and proportioning created by doctors in the past (Table 1-2-3).

Table 1-2-3 Commonly used bone size

The commonly used bone size is shown in Figure 1-2-1.

Figure 1-2-1 Commonly used bone size

(2) Body surface anatomical landmark positioning method: The body surface anatomical landmark positioning method is a method for determining the position of acupoints based on various body surface landmarks in human anatomy, also known as natural landmark positioning method. Anatomical landmarks on the human body surface can be divided into fixed landmarks and active landmarks.

(1) Fixed signs: refers to the protrusions, depressions and facial contours, hairline, nails, nails, nails, navels, etc., which are visible signs in natural postures, and the position of acupoints can be determined with the help of these signs. For example, with the fibula head as a symbol, in the depression of the front and lower part of the Dingyang Lingquan; Marked by the tip of the inner malleolus of the foot, 3 inches above it, and the posterior medial border of the tibia is set with three yin intercourse; Raise your eyebrows and save bamboo; With the umbilicus as a symbol, the umbilicus is set as the Shenque, and the side of it is opened 2 inches to locate the Tianshu, etc.

(2) Activity signs: Refers to the gaps, depressions, wrinkles, tips, etc. that appear in the joints, muscles, tendons, and skin of each part with activity, which can only appear in the active posture, and the position of the acupoints can also be determined. For example, between the tragus and the mandibular joint, the slightly open mouth is concave to take the auditory palace; About 1 horizontal finger in front of the mandibular angle, when chewing, the masseter muscle bulges, press the depression to take the cheek car, etc.

(3) Finger size positioning method: The finger size positioning method refers to the positioning method of measuring the acupoints according to the patient's own finger as the size reduction standard, also known as the "finger size method". There are the following 3 types of commonly used fingers, see Figure 1-2-2.

Figure 1-2-2 Finger positioning method

(1) The middle finger is the same size. The distance between the two ends of the radial side of the middle finger of the patient's middle finger (thumb and middle finger bent into a ring) is taken as 1 inch.

(2) The thumb is the same size. The width of the interphalangeal joint of the patient's thumb is 1 inch.

(3) Horizontal finger is the same size. Ask the patient to put the index finger, middle finger, ring finger, and little finger together, and use the horizontal stripe of the middle finger as the standard, and the width of the four fingers is 3 inches. Four fingers together called "one husband"; Use the horizontal finger to measure the acupoints with the same body size, also known as the "one husband method".

(4) Simple positioning method: The simple positioning method is a simple and easy method of acupoint positioning in clinical practice. If you are in an upright position, your arms hang down naturally, and the finger tips are in the middle of the lower limbs. The tiger's mouth of the two hands is naturally straight and crossed, and the index finger of one hand is pressed above the high bone behind the back of the other wrist, and the end of the index finger is taken at the point of the column. This method is an auxiliary method of acupoint extraction.

2. Location, function, indications and techniques of acupoints

See Table 1-2-4.

Table 1-2-4 Locations, functions, indications and techniques of commonly used acupoints

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