Cui Xiaoxiao shook her head, due to the limitations of her current body, it was difficult for her to complete highly complex and large-scale data calculations, if it was in her previous life......

Emiya must have marveled at their superhuman era.

But now is not the time for nostalgia.

Cui Xiaoxiao finished drawing the last line, then sorted out the drawings on the table and handed them to Wei Gong.

"This is the internal structure diagram of a general-purpose computer, this is the CPU's, motherboard, memory, graphics card, hard disk, cables, ......"

"Anyway, why don't we just build a quantum computer, you know its structure, and you still want to use such a primitive thing......"

"You can see first."

Emiya picked it up and took a look, the ones in the back were fine, but this part of the CPU ......

He rubbed his temples and felt like he was back in high school with exam nightmares.

"Okay, I see."

Emiya lowered his head in frustration, his cognitive abilities weren't good enough to build a quantum computer.

"I'll show you how CPUs work."

Cui Xiaoxiao jumped out of bed, wearing white fluffy pajamas, holding her hands, and then walked towards the underground laboratory with her little feet dangling.

"I'll tell you the three most basic structures."

Cui Xiaoxiao laid the drawings horizontally on the white glass panel.

"All the principles of electronic computers are based on this, first of all, and gates, or also gates."

She circled the top piece with a red pen, a semi-rounded pattern, with two threads connected on the left and the same thread on the right.

"These two wires are responsible for the input, and the other is the output, when the current signal in the above two wires passes through the gate at the same time, and the gate will open, and the electronic signal will be output outward."

"And the gate controls the current output through a very small transistor, and if the first input line of the gate is disconnected, then the current from the other parts will stop at the first transistor."

Cui Xiaoxiao moved the pen from the three-layer structure of the door to the middle layer, "When the first input line is open, an electric field is formed around the small piece of insulating metal in the middle, and the electric field turns it from a semiconductor into a conductor, changing the material properties of the semiconductor, so that the current that is not flowing can flow from the top to the lower part, which is equivalent to building a temporary bridge for the current." It can also be called a switch. ”

"The most difficult part of microelectronics is the word 'micro'. If you want it to be efficient and simple, you need to make it as small as possible, with the least number of charges, or even only a third of the electron charge to complete the rewriting of the circuit. ”

"The nature of the gate depends on the way the transistors are connected, like the one I just drawn, for the transistor to be able to output current, it must rely on the other two simultaneous output currents, so it is an AND gate."

Cui Xiaoxiao moved the pen to the connection diagram of a transistor below, "Or gate is to connect multiple input lines together, so like this, any one of the wires has a current passing through, and it can change the semiconductor to make it output current, then this switch is called an or gate." ”

NAND gates use a transistor to reverse the output current to ground and then quickly short-circuit the line. If the input stream is on, then the NAND gate will output a short circuit. ”

Cui Xiaoxiao pointed the pen to the ALU unit on the left, "So our common computers mainly rely on these kinds of gates, and then through the logical operation here, they also control the input and output of the current in the same way, so as to control the opening and closing of each semiconductor." This translates into signals, which are 0 and 1, off and on. ”

Emiya nodded, it didn't sound as complicated as he imagined, to put it bluntly, in fact, the computer is to express the general logic of human beings through switches, and then all abstract symbols, including words and numbers, are carried out by switches that convert them into electricity.

"Okay, I'll leave it to you." Cui Xiaoxiao laughed with satisfaction.

“……”

There was no problem with the implementation, and several basic mechanisms were also figured out, but Emiya didn't understand why the circuit diagram was drawn like this.

However, that didn't stop him from making it.

The CPU manufacturing process is the most complex part of the computer, which is why the chip is the core technology of the 21st century.

The drawings drawn by Cui Xiaoxiao just now are already the result of magnification tens of thousands of times, compressed according to the proportion, and the final formed CPU is very clearly written in the results of Cui Xiaoxiao's design——

2x2cm。

Maybe she overestimated the manufacturing process of Emiya's time, or maybe the things she taught in her elementary school textbooks were from 2020 onwards, which was very, much smaller than the original.

To make a CPU, the first thing to do is to make a wafer, purify the silicon to get a silicon ingot, and then cut it into a perfect cylinder, generally speaking, the thinner and larger the wafer is cut, the more CPU products can be made with the same amount of silicon material.

This was followed by the etching process, which required the help of an electron microscope and the sword-casting system to operate at full capacity.

Emiya had never tried such a difficult challenge, and he felt that his blood was boiling.

In Cui Xiaoxiao's opinion, Wei Gong sat there motionless for several hours.

And the wafers on his processing table are slowly shaping and changing......

What kind of suffocating operation is this......

"Mirror of the Moon: Open!"

The system projected a mirror of nothingness in front of him, and then Emiya raised his head and scanned it on the drawing with the system's heavenly eye—

"Copy the original celestial phenomenon! Innuendo is on. Emiya's hands were pulled apart in the void, and the swordsmith system automatically abstracted the image of the drawing perfectly, and then perfectly shrunk through the Lunar Mirror to radiate to the wafer below.

"Light Method, Sword Carving, Start ......"

……

Cui Xiaoxiao's jaw dropped in surprise, she originally thought that she would first manufacture a version of the large circuit template through large drawings, and then use projection to etch the mask of the reduced layer.

I didn't expect Wei Gong to get started directly......

Etching is made by using ultraviolet light with a very short wavelength and a large mirror surface, which is made by atomic bombardment of the silicon crystal surface.

In Cui Xiaoxiao's understanding, the smaller the etching unit, the better, and in the 22nd century, this unit was once reduced to only 0.1nm.

After the etching is completed, in order to process a new layer of circuits, silicon oxide is grown again, and then a layer of polysilicon is deposited, a photoresist material is coated, and the photocopying and etching process is repeated to obtain a trench structure containing polysilicon and silicon oxide. Repeat multiple times to form a 3D structure, which is the core of the final CPU.

In general, a high-quality CPU depends on three things: wafer slicing, the bigger and thinner the better, the smaller the etching unit, the better, and the thinner the number of layers, the better.

……