"The Cambrian Big Bang is a powerful refutation of the statement that 'the evolution of life is gradual!!"

Ying Yue summed up his previous statement, his gaze immediately swept over the audience, and he continued to ask with a smile: "Secondly, is evolution a development process from low to high? ”

"Do you still have any questions about this?"

"From low to high, of course!"

There was some commotion in the auditorium!

It's really a bit of an idiot for Ying Yue's question.

It is a well-known fact that the evolution of life is from the lower to the higher, is there even a doubt about this?

Facing a pair of confused and strange eyes, Ying Yue smiled slightly: "Not necessarily. In fact, the so-called high-level and low-level are originally ambiguous concepts, and different standards can have different results, and cannot be measured by simple standards.

Perhaps we can assume that the more successfully a species adapts to its environment, the more advanced it becomes.

According to the principle of survival of the fittest, the fact that a new species can survive and replace an extinct old species does not mean that the new species is more adaptable to the environment and therefore more advanced than the old species?

But let's not forget that the environment has changed.

It makes no sense to compare the adaptability of species in different environments, and new species are not necessarily better than old species in old environments.

Sixty-five million years ago, a huge meteorite with a diameter of 10 axioms struck the Earth, bringing a cold "nuclear winter" that lasted for years without sunlight.

Many biologists believe that all the large plants withered and died, and that the dinosaurs and large animals ran out of food and became extinct, while the mammals survived tenaciously.

One factor was that mammals were the size of rats or even smaller, and survived this global ****** by eating seeds and gnawing tree roots.

Suffice it to say that mammals were more advanced than dinosaurs, which is obviously absurd.

We all know that before the meteorite hit the earth, small size was obviously not an advanced feature, and mammals were actually suppressed by huge dinosaurs for 100 million years before waiting for this lucky blow!

Therefore, it is also meaningless to make a comparison between the lower and higher species of organisms that exist at the same time, because the 'evolutionary tree' has countless branches, and it is difficult to say which branch is higher. ”

Hearing this, Professor Chen and other old professors of the School of Life nodded in agreement.

"There is a so-called division between lower and higher organisms in biology, which does not mean that lower organisms are inferior to higher organisms, but that lower organisms appeared earlier than higher organisms, retained more characteristics of common ancestors, and thus were more 'primitive' in evolution!

This is a trivial taxonomy, but we should not assume that the more 'primitive' we are evolutionarily, the less successful our adaptation to the environment will be.

The opposite is true.

Prokaryotes are more primitive than eukaryotes, but their variety, numbers, and adaptation to the environment are beyond the reach of eukaryotes.

In the mammalian family, the primate to which humans belong is a fairly primitive branch, but humans are undoubtedly the most successful species of mammals! ”

Speaking of this, Ying Yue paused and summarized what he had just said: "Therefore, evolution is from low to high, and this statement is untenable!"

Third, is evolution a process of growing from fewer to many?

The answer is also no!

If we compare the millions of species today with only one or a few species at the beginning of life, this conclusion seems to be correct.

But don't forget one fact –

In the three billion years since the beginning of life, new species have been created, and old species have become extinct. In each period, the number of species is sometimes more and less and is not cumulative.

For example, in the famous "Cambrian Species Explosion" 530 million years ago, more animal groups were created in just 5 million years than there are today.

The post-Cambrian fauna were just further evolutions of the survivors of the explosion.

Recent studies have shown that even within a particular taxa, the species are not constantly expanding, such as mammals, which have increased and decreased over the course of 200 million years of evolution, and have remained at about 90 genera.

It can be seen that biological evolution is not only a process of species from less to more, but also a process of species from more to less. The latter process is even more pronounced in the event of mass extinctions, which occur on average once every 26 million years.

At the same time, I need to remind everyone that today we humans are eradicating wildlife at an average rate of two species per day, and no new species are being created. More than 99% of all species that have survived are extinct.

This tragic fact illustrates one point: evolution is a process of trial and error, trial, failure, trial and error, and failure.

It is not from low to high, nor from simple to complex, nor from less to more varied.

Evolution has no direction and no end!

We tend to draw the evolutionary tree as the existence of a backbone that evolves from single-celled organisms to humans, and puts humans at the top of the evolutionary tree as the final product of evolution, which is actually nothing more than our subjective human beings! ”

Everyone began to ponder.

Seeing this, Ying Yue couldn't help but chuckle and said: "Having said so much, I just want to make one point: in the long history of biological development on the earth, selective evolution does exist, but it is only one of many natural phenomena, not the only truth, let alone ......"

Everyone listened quietly, and only Ying Yue's words resounded in the auditorium, and at this moment, a piercing voice rang out.

"Professor Win, you said so much, it just shows that the concept of evolution is not accurate, and this doesn't seem to have much to do with the theory of evolution, right?!"

Everyone followed the voice, and saw a Sven schoolgirl with glasses standing up and talking lightly.

"It's her!"

"Tomoko Mikawa!"

"Isn't this the female student from Japan?"

"Hahaha, she's a disciple of Japanese Nobel Prize winner in biology Yoshito Osaka......"

Seeing this female student, many people exclaimed, it was really a female student who refuted Professor Win, and it was really not small.

She is an exchange student at the University of Tokyo, Japan, and her teacher is a famous Japanese biology master and a Nobel Prize winner in biology.

As a disciple of the master, Tomoko Mikawa's level of knowledge is undoubtedly very profound, and seeing her jump out to refute Professor Win at this moment, many people are unhappy in their hearts, but they are happy to watch the excitement.

"My teacher, Osaka Yoshito, told me that whether a thing can be trusted or not depends not on how many people accept it or how others tell you, but whether the logic of this matter can convince you!"

Tomoko Mikawa was not loud, but argued: "Scientific research itself is a process of questioning and answering. The theory of evolution is widely accepted in the scientific community because it provides the most plausible explanation for the formation of species.

As Professor Ying said, if the theory of evolution is not the truth, then how did so many life on the earth come into being, and how did people come into being?

Is it really as your Chinese myths and stories say, it was made by Nuwa from the soil? ”

(End of chapter)