The mission of forming an alliance with the Great Qin Empire is over, Guo Jia did not stay in the Great Qin Empire for a long time, he is really afraid of those literati of the Great Qin Empire. The pen, fun, and pavilion www.biquge.info all say that the Great Qin Empire is a country of legalists, but they can't help but keep the other hundred, which is really worthy of its name. is just a tongue war group Confucian, so that Guo Jia's name spread throughout the thirty-six counties of Kyushu in the Great Qin Empire within three days. Now, those who come to ask for knowledge, or those who are not convinced to challenge, can line up from the Xianyang Palace to the city gate.

For this reason, Guo Jia had to take the lead in fleeing the battlefield, which was really scary. Although he is really powerful, but in the face of so many people and so many famous people of Great Qin, he still doesn't dare to say that he knows everything. Besides, in front of so many people, just talking to them makes you have to waste a lot of saliva, which is very tiring. Moreover, isn't it good to go back by yourself, go back early, then you can play around in the imperial capital early, and it is also a very good choice to meet your own little flowers by the way, it is much better than watching a group of big men every day.

Guo Jia handed over the resignation to His Majesty Yingzheng, the emperor of the Great Qin Empire, and then within a few hours, he led Zhao Yun and other guards to the military camp in the west of Xianyang City. There, the army of three thousand tigers is still stationed here. This is the capital of the Great Qin Empire, and it is impossible for the foreign ** team to be stationed at will. Therefore, when they first came, three thousand men and horses were brought to the camp in the west of Xianyang City.

It was still hundreds of meters away from the Xianyang camp, and Guo Jia and his party were stopped. A group of soldiers dressed in black and black armor, armed with bronze short swords, and holding crossbows in the other, appeared around them.

"Who are you waiting for? This is the ** camp of the Great Qin Emperor, and no one can pass without an order! A soldier of the Great Qin Empire dressed as an officer walked out from the dozen or so people around him and shouted loudly.

Guo Jia felt that he had come to the Great Qin Empire and had seen too many things. The Great Qin Empire was a country of legalism, and among the army, military law was even stricter to the extreme. It can be said that in the army of the Great Qin Empire, all military laws are beheading. There were all seven prohibitions and fifty-four beheadings, and there were even many military orders that were added later. For example, now, it will only take ten days to come out, and it will be pushed as the first military law by Emperor Daqin.

"Military land, no one can pass without an order!" As for Ling So, although there are many of them, they are not something that can be issued by anyone. According to Guo Jia's understanding for a while, the only people in the entire Great Qin Empire who can issue this order are Emperor Yingzheng of Qin, the crown prince Yingfusu and the head of the military Wei Yu. And the position of these three people is extraordinary.

Guo Jia had no choice but to turn his eyes to Zhao Gao, Zhao Gao didn't need to say much, naturally the first emperor Yingzheng had an order, but for what purpose, Guo Jia couldn't guess accurately. If you want to talk about surveillance, I have already formed an alliance with the Great Qin Empire on behalf of the Beichen Empire, and I am about to leave Great Qin and return to China, is there any use in surveillance? Or is it out of the good relationship with himself, but is it necessary for the Great Qin Empire to do so? Wei Yu's general view on the war at that time was that there were two kinds of wars of different natures, opposing the unjust war of killing people and extorting goods, and supporting the just war of "punishing riots and prohibiting injustice." It is clearly stated: "No soldier shall attack a city without guilt, nor kill the innocent." The father and brother of the husband who kill, the goods and wealth of the profiteers, and the children of the concubines, all these are thefts." With regard to the strategy and tactics of waging war, Wei Yu stressed the need for a comprehensive understanding of war, pointing out that there are three different but interrelated winning strategies, namely, Youdao, Weisheng, and Lisheng. He believed that if he understood these three ways to win, he would have the initiative in the war in an all-round way. He pointed out the importance of the command of the commander in the war. "The enemy will judge the general, and then raise the army." The heart of the general is also, the group is under the group, and the branch is also. "It is necessary to correctly analyze the enemy's situation, carefully select the generals, and then send troops. The commander and the soldier must be as harmonious as the heart (brain) and the limbs, and become a whole, so that they can be strategic, resourceful and decisive, and give correct commands. He advocated that the army must first be governed by a legislative system, and that it is necessary to enforce the law strictly, so that it can be neatly unified, dare to cross high mountains, dare to cross deep waters, dare to attack strong formations, and ensure that "no one in the world can fight against it." Heavy punishments should be imposed on those who violated military discipline and orders, and severe punishment should be given to generals and soldiers who were defeated, surrendered, or fled, so that the people from top to bottom would be afraid and concentrate on the enemy. In terms of specific tactics, Wei Yu also practiced the most advanced methods at that time, such as in the formation of formations, he proposed: the soldiers "are introverted and extroverted; There is a formation, there is a town". Such a formation is staggered and orderly, which is easy to command. This can be proved in the terracotta warriors and horses pit of the Mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang that people can see today. [1]

Regarding the relationship between military and politics, Wei Yu likened it to the relationship between the trunk of a plant and the seed, the so-called "soldiers, with martial arts as plants, with literature as seeds, martial arts as the surface, and literature as the inside, can judge the two and know the victory or defeat." He also pointed out that without good politics, there can be no strong military force, and the military is a means to solve political problems. The author has repeatedly emphasized the importance of developing production to the military, pointing out that those who manage the army should take farming and weaving as the foundation of governing the country, and that "the husband is in the plow, the wife is in the machine, and the people have savings if they have nothing to do." Only when the people are rich and the country is strong, and the army is strong, can we defend and conquer.

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With a simple dialectical viewpoint, Wei Yi put forward 12 positive and negative experiences in administering the army. Follow 12 positive lessons to overwhelm your enemies; Otherwise, they will be overwhelmed by the enemy. The 12 positive lessons are: to establish prestige lies in not easily changing orders, to give favors to others lies in rewarding in a timely manner, to make good decisions at the right time lies in being able to adapt to changes in various situations, and to defeat the enemy lies in mastering the morale of both the enemy and us: winning in attack lies in taking it by surprise, in defending firmly in repairing fortifications, in not making mistakes in abiding by the law, in not falling into difficulties in being prepared, in being cautious in preventing small problems, in being wise in dealing with major events, and in eliminating disasters in bold and good judgment; To win the hearts of the people is to be humble to others.

That is, it attaches importance to the political character and personal exemplary role of the generals, and requires the generals to enforce the law impartially, give both grace and might, endure hardships in scabies, forget themselves in battle, and set an example; Attaching importance to the administrative construction of the troops, he formulated relatively complete rules and regulations on combat, internal affairs, and discipline, which is an important material for studying the history of the pre-Qin military system. Focusing on the training of the army, the purpose, methods, and steps of training and the system of rewards and punishments in training are discussed, and the training method of training from the grassroots level to the final training is proposed. Pay attention to rewards and punishments, and propose "kill one person and the three armies will be killed, and those who will be rewarded with one person and ten thousand people will be rewarded; The idea of "killing is great, rewarding is small", and there are specific regulations and requirements for various rewards and punishments in the book.

As a military book produced during the Warring States Period, although the strategic and tactical issues it discusses are not as profound as Sun and Wu's "Art of War", it also has original insights on a series of issues.

First of all, "Wei Xuanzi" put forward an economic-based view of war. He said in the "Governing the Roots" that the foundation of governing the country lies in cultivation and weaving, and there is no way to fill the stomach without grains, and there is no way to cover the shape without silk and linen.

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If we don't waste farming and weaving, the country will have reserves. And this reserve is the basis of the war. He said: The land is for the people, the cities are for the defense of the land, and the war is for the defense of the cities. Therefore, ploughing the fields, defending the city, and fighting are all the duties of the king. Of the three, although war is the most urgent, war depends on agriculture. Even in the country of ten thousand times, it is necessary to implement the policy of combining agriculture with warfare. Based on this, "Wei Yuzi" emphasizes the enrichment of the kingdom and the people, emphasizing that the war carried out by the king is to punish riots and prohibit injustice, and its ultimate goal is to make the peasants not leave their jobs, Jia not to leave their houses, and the scholars and doctors to not leave their official mansions, but only to kill the first evildoer. This idea of "Wei Xuanzi" is obviously derived from the inheritance of Shang Ying's idea of agricultural warfare, and is therefore progressive. Of course, "Wei Xuanzi" also pays attention to the role of politics in war, saying: The country must have the righteousness of courtesy, faith, and affection, and you can be hungry and satisfied; The country must have the customs of filial piety and honesty, so that death can be easy to live, so it also attaches importance to political education.

Secondly, "Wei Xuanzi" also put forward some valuable strategic and tactical ideas. For example, he advocates concentrating superior forces and waiting for the opportunity to move, saying: If you are single-minded, you will win, and if you are scattered, you will be defeated ("On the Military Order"), and the soldiers should be calm and stubborn, and they should win by the monopoly ("Military Power"). He advocated taking the lead and attacking suddenly, saying: Soldiers are the first. Better than this, better than the other; If you are better than this, then you will be better than the other. He advocated the use of power and stratagem in war, saying: Those who have the right to add people first will not be able to fight the enemy. He advocates the use of the virtual and real combat method of what is there and what is not ("The Right to War") to confuse the enemy. He inherited his grandson's Qizheng thought, and proposed that the right soldiers should be the first, and the strange soldiers should be the last, or the first or the last, so as to defeat the enemy and win. In particular, it is worth mentioning that in combination with the practice of siege warfare in the Warring States period, he put forward a set of strategies for attacking and defending cities. It is advocated that the siege of the city must be sure of victory, and the battle does not have to be won, and the war cannot be spoken; You don't have to pull out the attack, you can't talk about attacking. Finally, go deep into the enemy's territory, surprise the enemy, cut off the enemy's food route, isolate the enemy's cities, and take advantage of the situation to conquer. The following types of targets should be selected for siege:

(1) There is a city but no defense: Jinliang has no combat preparation facilities, the fortress has not been repaired, the city defense has not been constructed, and the thistle terrestris has not been set up;

(2) There are no people: the defenders of the distant fortress do not retreat, and the defending warriors do not mobilize back;

(3) Although there are resources, there are no resources: livestock are not concentrated in the city, grain is not harvested, and financial materials are not collected;

(4) The city is empty and the wealth is exhausted. For these cities, we should take advantage of the situation and attack them, and never be merciless.

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There are three main points in the strategy of defending the city: First, it opposes the defense method of not advancing and retreating, that is, not defending the outer city and the strongholds outside the city, and advocates defending the peripheral and important places on the outskirts of the city. Second, it is necessary to build the city, so that the pool is deep and wide, the city is strong and thick, and manpower, food, fuelwood, strong crossbows and arrows, and sharp spears and halberds are prepared. The city of one zhang is defended by ten people, and the city of a thousand zhang is guarded by 10,000 soldiers, not counting technicians, servants and other logistics personnel. Third, the fortified cities should have rescuers. If he has an army that must be saved, he has a city that must be defended; If there is no army to be saved, there is no city to be defended. The rescue army must be able to break through the siege, and the defenders must dare to attack and seize the fortress. The rescue army must also be adept at confusing the enemy in order to cooperate with the defenders to defeat the besieging enemy. The strategy of attacking and defending the city proposed in "Wei Xuanzi" was not discussed by his predecessors and military experts, and it was very innovative.

Third, another important contribution of "The Captain" is that it proposes a set of military rewards and punishments that are very characteristic of the times. As an ancient military book, "Wei Xuanzi" not only developed in military theory, but also preserved many important military regulations in the Warring States period, which is rare in other military books.

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He said in "Zhan Wei": Judging the legal system, clear rewards and punishments are the way to victory. He said in the "System Talk": Amending orders and clearly rewarding and punishing them is a necessary means to ensure that the soldiers charge into battle. "Wei Xuanzi" advocates the rule of law in the army, and the principle of reward and punishment he put forward is that the reward must be generous and the punishment must be heavy. He said: If the reward is not generous, the people will not persuade them, and they should reward those who have meritorious service with Tian Lu and Jue rank, so that the people will not have no war and will be rewarded for their meritorious work.

He said in the "Heavy Punishment Order" that if the people are afraid of heavy punishment internally, they will despise the enemy externally, so he advocates that the soldiers who are defeated, surrendered, and escaped from the battle should be declared national thieves and military thieves, and not only punished with the punishment of killing their families and mutilating their families, but also cutting off their household registrations, sending ancestral graves, and selling their families as slaves. Soldiers who fail to report on time and desert will be punished as the crime of fleeing. The principle of heavy punishment is embodied in his "Order on the Suppression of the Army" as mentioned in the law of continuous sitting in the army, and the punishment regulations on the battlefield and the law of punishment in battle mentioned in his "Order on the Restraint of the Army." He said: The ancients who are good at using soldiers can kill half of the pawns, then kill the thirteenth, and kill the eleventh. Those who can kill half of it, Weigahaine; Kill the thirteen, and force the princes; Kill the eleven, and order the soldiers. It is believed that only in this way can the army be able to order like an axe, control like a cadre, and soldiers do not need to be killed. The idea of heavy punishment in "Wei Xuanzi" is obviously the same as Shang Ying's idea of punishment and reward, and it is more severe than Shang Ying's. It reflects that the relationship between officers and soldiers in the organization of the ancient army was a serious class antagonism. The idea of using the rule of law in "Wei Xuanzi" is very different from that before the Spring and Autumn Period. As we said above, because the "Wei Xuanzi" put forward the principle of reward and punishment for the big and the small for the reward, it abolished the privilege of the old aristocracy to enjoy a generous reward and a light punishment, and embodied the enterprising spirit of the new landlord class, so it is very full of the spirit of the times, indicating that it is qualitatively different from the old principle of rewarding merit and rewarding.

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Fourth, other important military regulations preserved in the book "Wei Xuanzi" include the "Separation Order", which is a division of the camp area, which stipulates the principle of separate defense areas and traffic between each army; There is the "Jing Pawn Order", which is a battle formation order, which stipulates that the unique military flag emblem of each army, the ranks and ranks of non-commissioned officers and different marching units wear different badges, etc.; There is the "Command of the Soldiers", which is the order of the commander of the unified army, the golden drum and the flag bell, which stipulates the role and usage of the command tools such as gold, drums, flags, and bells; There is the "General Order", which stipulates that the general commanding the army is under the command of the monarch and is only responsible to the monarch, and the general has supreme authority in the army and commands the whole army in a unified manner; There is the "Heel Military Order", which is the follow-up force operation order. Provisions follow-up