"Good! I'll count you as the first one, and now I'll start listening to the second one, which is still a very simple question! The old professor continued. Pen @ fun @ pavilion wWw. ｂｉｑUｇE。 ｉｎｆｏ

"Listen up! Please state the background of the idiom "Folding Chong Zun"! ”

"Folding? Is this an idiom? How come I've never heard of it? "There was a whisper in the classroom.

"Fold Chong Zun, idiom, as a predicate, a definite, originally refers to the victory of the other party at the banquet of the princes' alliance. The latter generally refers to the conduct of diplomatic negotiations. Source: Western Han Dynasty Liu Xiang "Warring States Policy: Qi Ce V": "The so-called comparison of this minister is in the hall, the poultry will be indoors, pull out the city between the honorable people, and fold the people on the table." "I didn't blush, and my heart didn't beat as I read out what I had come out of my head.

The professor nodded and said, "Not bad! You've passed this question! Listen to the third question! ”

"Huh? And ah! I lamented.

"Do you think my pass is so good? Listen up! Tell me, what is the main content of Cheng Zhu Lixue in the Northern Song Dynasty? The old professor asked.

"Cheng Zhu Lixue? I seem to have learned it in history textbooks, but what is it? The students began to discuss again.

Cheng Zhu Lixue is the collective name of the Northern Song Dynasty physicists Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi and the Southern Song Dynasty physicist Zhu Xi. In the second way, they regarded "reason" or "heavenly principle" as the highest category of philosophy, believing that reason is omnipresent, immortal, and imperishable, not only the origin of the world, but also the highest criterion of social life. In terms of poor reasoning methods, Cheng Hao is "quiet" and emphasizes "sincerity"; Cheng Yi "respects the Lord" and emphasizes "learning from things". In terms of the theory of human nature, Ercheng advocates "preserving heavenly principles and destroying human desires", and expounds this view in depth to make it more systematic. Zhu Xi inherited and developed Ercheng thought, believing that Tai Chi is the foundation and ontology of the universe, and Tai Chi itself contains reason and qi, with reason coming first and qi coming last. The principle of Tai Chi is the synthesis of all principles, it is perfect and perfect, transcends time and space, and is the moral standard of "all goodness". In terms of human nature, Zhu Xi believes that human beings have "the nature of destiny" and "the nature of temperament", the former is derived from the principle of Tai Chi and is absolutely good; The latter is divided into turbidity and good and evil. People should change their temperament through "respect" and "poor reason". Zhu Xi also extrapolated the principle to the history of human society, believing that the "Three Principles and Five Constants" are all "popular" principles, and that people should "eliminate human desires and preserve heavenly principles" and consciously abide by the feudal moral norms of the Three Principles and Five Constants. Basic viewpoints: 1. It is believed that reason or heavenly reason is the fundamental law of all things in nature and human society; 2. It is believed that everything has a reason, which is different. The principles of things and people are derived from the principles of heaven, which is the oneness of principles; 3. Preserve the principles of heaven and destroy human desires, which constitute the essence of human beings and are embodied in the "three outlines and five constants" of ethics and morality in the world. "Human desire" is the desire to maintain human life and the behavior that violates the norms of etiquette, which is contrary to the principles of heaven. Treating people's demand for a better life as human desire is often combined with religious asceticism...... "I read it again according to the Baidu in my mind.

The old professor nodded slightly: "Your memory is good, what you say is recognized on the Internet, you can know these things, you are enough to score fifty points in my final exam!" In this way, I think it will not be difficult for you to test your knowledge of ancient literature, you are students of the French department, you must know something about French literature, I ask you, do you have any favorite French works? ”

I nodded and said to the old professor: "Professor, I like the French Enlightenment thinker Montesquieu's "On the Spirit of Law"!"

"Oh?" Now the professor became interested, "I didn't expect any of you young people to like this kind of legal work?" ”

I smiled innocently, but thought to myself: "Professor, it's not that I like Montesquieu, but I just checked your information and learned that when you were young when you studied in France, your favorite was Montesquieu's book "On the Spirit of the Law", and I just liked it!" I hope you will spare me this time for the sake of the great Montesquieu! ”

"Since you've read "On the Spirit of the Law", can you tell me casually what is said in this book?" The old professor asked with a smile.

I smiled and said in my heart, "It's time to pretend to be forced!"

I cleared my throat, then with a look of reverence, and began to read: "1. Before all these laws existed, there was natural law. They are called natural laws because they are simply derived from the essence of our lives. If we want to understand natural law well, we should look at human beings before the foundation of society. Natural law is the law that human beings accept in such a state.

2. Peace shall be the first article of natural law.

3. Human beings feel weak and needy. So the other rule of natural law is to motivate him to seek food.

4. The constant existence of natural affection for each other should be the third article of natural law.

5. The desire to live a social life is the fourth article of natural law.

6. As inhabitants of this great planet, human beings have laws in the relations between different peoples, which is international law. Society is supposed to be maintained; As the life of society, human beings have laws in the relationship between the governed and the governed, and this is political law. In addition, human beings also have laws in all relations between citizens, and this is civil law. ”

The moment I spoke, all the students in the classroom were stunned.

Not because they thought I could memorize Montesquieu's "On the Spirit of the Law" in its original language, but because they could not understand a single word of what I said.

There is no other reason, this paragraph, I came out in the original French year, the meaning of this passage is very obscure, the words in it are also very obscure, plus my speed of speech is extremely fast, with the level of my classmates who are French novices, it is strange to be able to understand what I say!

Although my classmates didn't understand, it didn't stop me from pretending to be forced in the slightest.

Actually, I didn't want to be so showy, but for the sake of freedom in class in the future, in order to give an explanation to the old professor, I had to do it.

In the whole classroom, the old professor was the only one who understood what I said.

He looked at me, who was constantly reciting "On the Spirit of the Law", as if he saw himself when he was young, and at that time, he was also telling "The Spirit of the Law" in broken French in front of his law professor. What a fearless time! It's just that unlike himself, this student, he is not as cautious as he was when he faced the professor, his body is full of confidence, and his spoken French is far more than his own back then, this student is not simple!

"Carlosanne, would you like to be my graduate student? I can give you a spot! ”

As soon as the old professor's words came out, the whole classroom was stunned.