Although Sun Yuanqi was very busy, before Christmas in 1899, he still managed to find time to visit Lord Ding Yunliang and Minister Conger.

Ding Yunliang is as kind as ever, and he is also as nagging as ever. When he saw Sun Yuanqi, he complained that he hadn't come to visit him for so long, and complained about the management of the Jingshi University Hall. In the midst of complaining and complaining, Sun Yuanqi felt the kindness and kindness of the old man. The old man tried his best to keep Sun Yuanqi to have lunch with him. When saying goodbye, he also told him to come often in the future.

As for Minister Conger, meeting is a hug. Mrs. Conger smiled after shaking hands, "We have received a letter from Tomy, in which he compliments you on your outstanding work. ”

Mr. Conger patted Sun Yuanqi on the shoulder: "For more than a year, you have been living a hermit-like life, which is why you can achieve such excellent results." You know, after you became famous, a lot of people were asking who YorkJohnson was, and that's a topic that diplomats don't get tired of. Although no one knows the answer better than us, we have remained silent. Keeping secrets is my DNA, both as a military and as a diplomat. ”

Sun Yuanqi thanked him repeatedly.

When the Lunar New Year was approaching, Sun Yuanqi's paper was finally completed, and the title of the paper was "On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies and the Relationship between Mass and Energy". The dissertation is divided into three parts:

The first part is the kinematics part, which first takes the principle of relativity and the principle of invariance of the speed of light as the basic public assumption and starting point. Starting from two basic principles, the famous Lorentz transform equation is derived. At the same time, the "length contraction" of the moving rigid body, the "time dilation" effect of the moving clock and the "addition theorem" of velocity are also derived, which closely links space and time with the motion of matter, and reveals the relativity of space and time.

The second part is to apply the derived system of Lorentz transform equations to electrodynamics, arguing that the electromagnetic field equations have the same form in different inertial frames. Thus, "the notion that only the aether of light as a carrier of electricity and magnetism no longer fits the theory presented here", i.e., that the aether does not exist. In this paper, the asymmetry problem caused by the application of classical Maxwell's equations to Faraday's electromagnetic induction experiments is solved, and the Doppler principle and the theory of optical travel difference are discussed.

The third part derives the famous mass-energy equation E=mc2, which unifies the law of conservation of mass with the theorem of energy conversion and conservation. This is the rationale for nuclear weapons such as atomic bombs and hydrogen bombs. In this paper, an experimental protocol was designed to demonstrate the β rays emitted by radium-bromide particles.

Although it is easy to say, when it actually falls on paper, it requires rigorous deduction and rigorous proof. Therefore, the paper is very long, but fortunately it does not exceed the previous "Photoelectric Effect: From Phenomenon to Essence". Before the arrival of the Spring Festival, it was sent to Science as a New Year gift. Now, the coaxing "Science" has become Sun Yuanqi's back garden, and he can publish it almost whenever he wants.

Then, the Spring Festival came.

Spring Festival is the most important festival for Chinese, so the students in the school have been on vacation. Gu Zhilin, Chen Jide, and Liu Bin are all from Zhili and are the first to go back. Han Yu, Zhou Zongwu, and Zhang Chun's family were in Beijing, and on the 28th of the lunar month, they also met and ran to Sun Yuanqi's courtyard for a turn. As for the primary school, Tong Jingren, Tong Jingzhi, Tong Jingsheng and the "Five Young Men of the Sun Family" are "each going back to his own home, each looking for his own mother". The yard was suddenly quite empty.

Lao Tong seems to be a housekeeper, commanding Lao Zhao and Lao Zheng to be busy. Sun Yuanqi saved a lot of salary this year, which was enough to live a fat year. Maybe it's the New Year, or because of pride, Lao Tong shouted and danced with his eyebrows.

Early in the morning of the first day of the Lunar New Year, Lao Tong led the other two families to Sun Yuanqi's residence to pay New Year's greetings, and knelt on the ground. Sun Yuanqi hurriedly asked everyone to get up, everyone has New Year's money. Seeing that five or six children could recognize a few words, the depression in my heart was also reduced: I came here, after all, I changed the fate of some people!

After the first day of the Lunar New Year, I began to pay New Year's greetings from house to house. It has been a year and a half since Sun Yuan got up in the Qing Dynasty, because he has been writing books behind closed doors, and he doesn't know a few people, so he thinks that it is the three families of Sun Jianai, Ding Yunliang, and Minister Kangge, and the others are gone. Two foreigners, just go through the motions; Mr. Sun Jianai, I visited once a year ago, and now I go again, I'm afraid that I won't be able to take my turn on the fifteenth day of the first month!

On the second day of the Lunar New Year, Lao Tong went back, probably to his brother. Lao Zheng's family also went out to visit the door. Lao Zhao's family fled from the famine and had no relatives or friends in the capital. In this way, the old Zhao family took Zhao Jinghui and Song Jingyao to prepare lunch. Lao Zhao, as well as Zhao Jingxing and Zhao Jingfan, accompanied Sun Yuanqi to chat without a word.

At this time, there was a burst of firecrackers outside the door. Lao Zhao hurriedly got up and went out to see what was going on. Before he reached the door, he saw Han Yu and Zhou Zongwu leading a group of people into the door. They were not polite to Lao Zhao, and walked to the courtyard after saying hello, without any confusion.

Sun Yuanqi was idle and had nothing to do, watching Lao Zhao go out, he also got up and followed behind, and happened to see the group of students breaking into the courtyard. This group of students, Sun Yuanqi all knew, except for Han Yu, Zhang Chun, and Zhou Zongwu, the remaining six or seven students were all third-year students of Chongshi Middle School, Han Yu's younger brother. No wonder they came together.

When the students saw Sun Yuanqi, they all hurriedly walked a few steps faster, lifted up the cotton robe, and knelt down. Fortunately, there was no rain and snow in the past few days of the New Year, and Lao Zhao also cleaned it before the New Year, otherwise, so many new clothes would have been trampled on.

Sun Yuanqi hurriedly asked them to get up: "Let's all get up!" For the New Year, we won't talk about those false courtesies! ”

Han Yu, Zhang Chun, and Zhou Zongwu got up, and the others were still kneeling still.

Sun Yuanqi said curiously: "What, do you still want to press the New Year's money?" ”

Han Yu came to Sun Yuanqi's side with a smile, looked at those junior disciples, and said, "Sir, they are not like us who are just paying New Year's greetings!" ”

"So what's going on?" Sun Yuanqi glanced at this group of kneeling teenagers.

"Apprentice!" Zhou Zongwu and Zhang Chun squeezed their eyebrows on the side and said in unison.

"Apprenticeship?" Sun Yuanqi understood, they came to the "Physics Academy", no wonder the two groups of people were together. "Haven't you graduated yet? What's the hurry? Hurry up! ”

Zhang Chun said: "Sir, if you don't agree, they won't get up." ”

Several kneeling students also said unevenly: "If you don't agree, you won't get up!" ”

Sun Yuanqi had no choice but to agree: "Okay, you guys get up!" ”

The students cheered, kowtowed, and jumped to their feet. One of them, Sun Yuanqi, was named Pan Xian, and said to the classmates around him: "I was the first to kneel down just now, I am a senior brother!" ”

Han Yu was suddenly unhappy: "Pickles! You're a big brother, so what am I? ”

That Pan Xian immediately bowed down and ran to Han Yu with a smoke: "You are our senior brother, and I am their senior brother......

Zhou Zongwu was next to him: "! Tell you, Han Yu, senior brother. I, the second senior brother, Zhang Chun, the third senior brother. You? ”

Pan Xian said, "Then I'm the fourth senior brother?" ”

"Ball! You're the white dragon horse! Zhang Chun said angrily.

There was a burst of laughter in the courtyard.

After another five or six days, Lao Tong came back with his three nephews—no, two nephews, one grandson. According to Lao Tong, his brother has promised to pass on his youngest grandson, Tong Jingsheng, to him, and now, he is no longer a "loner". In other words, in the courtyard, there is only one lonely person, Sun Yuanqi. Lao Tong hinted to Sun Yuanqi several times that it was time to find a "housewife" for the family. Sun Yuanqi didn't think about this problem, but he was not familiar with life in the Qing Dynasty, and he didn't meet a few women at all. The girls of this era are hiding in all kinds of deep boudoirs. Like Zhao Jinghui, Song Jingyao, and Zheng Jingyi, who can sit in the classroom with boys and listen to lectures, there are almost no in the Qing Dynasty. Second, Sun Yuanqi has seen the so-called ladies in Lord Sun Jianai's house a few times, and all of them are wrapped like an awl, and they are swaying when they walk, which makes Sun Yuanqi's heart furious: Do you want to marry such a daughter-in-law? Not to mention whether you can communicate or not, this is completely a physiological deformity! So, Sun Yuanqi completely dispelled this idea.

Lao Tong was reporting to Sun Yuanqi on the process of returning to his hometown in the past few days, and the four brothers Hu Xun, Zuo Gongxian, Zeng Guangxi, and Li Guobing, who had not seen each other for a long time, led two strangers to come to pay New Year's greetings.

After greeting each other, Hu Xun introduced to Sun Yuanqi: "These two are Mr. Shi and Mr. Yin from the Shanghai Commercial Press. He asked them to print several of his books to his students. As he spoke, he took out a large stack of books from the package he was carrying and presented them to Sun Yuanqi.

Sun Yuanqi took it and roughly flipped through it, first "Outline of Education", "Outline of Psychology", "Teaching Methodology", then "Intermediate Physics Textbook", "Intermediate Chemistry Textbook", "Intermediate Mathematics Textbook", and the bottom is "Elementary Physics Textbook" six volumes. These six books were originally published and printed as student textbooks by the Jingshi University Hall, and Sun Yuanqi had no choice but to ask for two sets from the Jingshi University Hall and distribute them to the students. When I look at it now, it was reprinted from the printed version of the journal of Beijing Normal University, and I don't know whether it is infringing or not. Then, he said, "It's very well printed." Zishi, Zhizhong, Houchen, Junheng, thank you for your hard work! Mr. Shi and Mr. Yin, you have done a great job! ”

All six of them bowed down and said, "Don't dare to be!" ”

The middle-aged man surnamed Shi said with a smile: "In front of Mr. Sun, we can't afford to be called 'Mr.'!" ”

The companion surnamed Yin is a young man, and now there is still a hint of surprise on his face: "Before we met Mr. Sun, we read several of Mr. Sun's handouts and textbooks, and thought that Mr. Sun's writings were equal, and he must be an elder with a good head and poor scriptures. I didn't expect Mr. Sun to be so young, I really didn't expect it! ”

Li Guobing glanced at the man surnamed Yin: "Although our Mr. Sun is young, his knowledge is indeed excellent, not to mention in the Qing Dynasty, it is-"

"Even if I see the foreigner's textbook in the future, it will definitely not be as good as Mr. Sun's writing!" Zuo Gongxian suddenly stopped Li Guobing's words, and continued. When he said that, he gave Li Guobing a dart.

Li Guobing snorted dissatisfied, picked up the tea bowl and drank tea.

Mr. Shi took out a stack of paper from his sleeve and put it on the table in front of Sun Yuanqi: "Mr. Sun, when we saw the tome from a few of your tall feet, I felt that Mr. must be very knowledgeable, so I decided to print it. Due to the limited capacity of the museum, it was not until the end of the year that it was printed. However, as for the first few books printed, the response in Shanghai, Jiangsu and Zhejiang was very good, and many schools wrote to the library, asking for the reservation of Mr. Wang's major works as textbooks. It is a great honor for us to be able to publish Mr. Wang's writings. This is the remuneration in the early stage, which is meager and not respectful, and I hope to accept it with a smile. ”

Sun Yuanqi was very surprised, did he get paid for printing books at the end of the Qing Dynasty? At a cursory glance, it was a hundred taels of silver tickets, and it was estimated that there were more than ten. Then he asked, "Is there any remuneration for editing textbooks?" ”

The six men nodded in unison and replied, "Yes!" ”

"Oh! How much can it be? You're not lying to me, are you? Sun Yuanqi looked suspicious.

Li Guobing looked at Sun Yuanqi's surprised expression, and felt that Mr. Sun at this time was like a young man of the same age as himself. And, it seems, he really doesn't know anything about these things. So I thought to myself: there are things you don't know!

Zuo Gongxian also wanted to laugh when he saw Sun Yuanqi's expression, but he didn't dare to laugh, and said forcibly: "Sir, they didn't lie to you!" ”

"Really?" Sun Yuanqi was still a little skeptical, looked at the silver ticket, and then looked at Shi and Yin inquiringly.

The surnamed Yin nodded. The one surnamed Shi also said: "Mr. Sun, that's right. ”

"Really!" This is the largest income of Sun Yuan after he rose to the Qing Dynasty.

The middle-aged man surnamed Shi nodded very affirmatively, and then said, "By the way, Mr. Sun, listen to a few of your masters, how many other elementary school textbooks do you have compiled?" ”

"yes, do you want to see it?" Sun Yuanqi looked at him.

"It's what you want, don't dare to ask for it! If you could read it, it would be great! The two men from the Commercial Press stood up and bowed their hands to Sun Yuan.

"Then come with me." First of all, the textbooks in the primary school were all written by Sun Yuanqi with a fountain pen, and to be honest, they could only be regarded as neat. Later, when there are students, let the students copy it for themselves - this is the advantage of having students. When Sun Yuanqi writes alone, he stays in his study; When I was writing something with the students, it was in the house with the sign "Physics Workshop", and nowadays, several textbooks are placed there. There are still a few tens of meters from the living room to the physics workshop, so it's best to go there together.

Sun Yuanqi led them into the Physics Institute, not noticing that the four students at the back glanced at each other meaningfully in front of the plaque of the "Physics Institute".

From last autumn to the present, Sun Yuanqi and six students have compiled the second volume of "Textbook of Intermediate Physics", "Textbook of Medium Chemistry", and "Textbook of Medium Mathematics"; The Chinese, mathematics, nature, and English in the primary school have been compiled to the second semester of the third grade, well, there is also a book of "Thought and Morality", which teaches students how to teach five lectures, four beauties and three loves.

Two gentlemen from the Commercial Press were looking through various textbooks with great interest. The young man surnamed Yin pointed to the primary school Chinese textbook and asked Sun Yuanqi: "And (h) - Wu (u) - A (a) - flower (hua), flower (hua)...... Mr. Sun, this is the Chinese pinyin you edited, right? ”

"yes, how do you know?" Sun Yuanqi is very strange, he also knows Hanyu Pinyin.

The surnamed Yin pointed to the four students who were looking through the dictionary together, and Sun Yuanqi understood.

The dictionary only included three or four thousand of the most commonly used Chinese characters, and the annotations were translated into the vernacular as much as possible, and the annotations in the Kangxi Dictionary were translated as much as possible, plus pinyin, and it was compiled. The dictionary is named "Dictionary of Common Words in Primary and Secondary Schools". This dictionary uses phonetic typesetting, and those students have all studied English, so it is easy to translate.

Mr. Yin asked: "Mr. Sun's Hanyu Pinyin is of infinite use to students' literacy. It's just that the contemptible people don't understand, why are these four sounds not flat, up, going, and entering, but yinping, yangping, up, and going? In this way, there are several inconveniences: first, it is not conducive to the learning and use of students in other dialect areas, and second, it is not conducive to character searching, especially when it is not conducive to writing essays. ”

The four students also came with dictionaries, and it seemed that they were also concerned about the problem. Sun Yuanqi had previously told several students who compiled the dictionary the reason, but now he repeats it: "With the development of transportation and communications, it is imperative to popularize and popularize the official language throughout the country, and this is a historical trend. Nowadays, Chinese characters are used, but the pronunciation is different, which is also an obstacle for students in the dialect area to learn Mandarin. With Hanyu Pinyin, there is a standard for the pronunciation of the official dialect, which is convenient for students everywhere to learn the standard official dialect. Therefore, the use of the four tones in the Mandarin dialect in the compilation of the "Primary School Chinese Textbook", supplemented by this dictionary, should be of great benefit to the study of Mandarin. ”

"Oh? This is the dictionary you made up some time ago? Mr. Shi also put down the book in his hand, walked over, took the dictionary from the hands of the four students, looked at the cover first, and read: "Dictionary of commonly used words in primary and secondary schools?" ”

Sun Yuanqi explained: "With this dictionary, students can learn Chinese characters on their own after learning Hanyu Pinyin for a period of time. In this way, it will play a certain role in popularizing culture and eradicating illiteracy. - Illiterate, that is, illiterate. ”

"Mr. Sun is really a caring person!" Mr. Shi praised it, flipped back a few more pages, looked up and asked, "What is the order of the words in this dictionary?" Is it a rhyme? But it's not ......"

Sun Yuanqi thought to himself: It seems that this Mr. Shi does not understand English.

Zeng Guangxian just read it and knew something, so he replied on his behalf: "Mr. Sun's dictionary is in alphabetical order in English...... Oh, it should be said that it is the Chinese pinyin sequence, and then the same pinyin is according to the tone, and the same pronunciation is according to the number of strokes. ”

Sun Yuan nodded: "Houchen is right!" ”

Because I didn't know Chinese pinyin, I could only flip through it, then put down the dictionary and arched my hand towards Sun Yuanqi: "The contemptible people came here today, mainly to visit you on behalf of the Commercial Press, and to meet the famous and knowledgeable Mr. Baixi. In addition, there is one more thing that I implore Mr. Baek-hee to give in! ”

"Please!" Sun Yuanqi also arched his hand, indicating that he did not dare to be.

"We would like to exclusively print various textbooks and handouts written by Mr. Baek-hee!" After that, Mr. Shi and Mr. Yin both bowed their heads to show their sincerity.

Put it in the twenty-first world, the Commercial Press is asking to print your manuscript, and that's not enough for your stinky fart! Therefore, Sun Yuanqi readily agreed: "Okay! …… However, I have a few questions. ”

Mr. Shi was overjoyed at first, and when he heard Sun Yuanqi put forward the conditions, he was a little surprised, and hurriedly said, "Mr. Baixi, please speak!" However, we will not disappoint you when it comes to remuneration! ”

"It's not a remuneration." Although the more silver, the better, but this is not the first problem that Sun Yuanqi considers, "The first problem is the exclusive problem. The textbooks for other subjects are fine, but the physics ones are not very easy to do. Since I am a physics teacher at Kyoto University, it is natural that the physics textbooks I compiled need to be handed over to Jingshi University Hall for printing and then for students to use. So, the exclusive ......"

Mr. Shi waved his hand: "It's not a problem. The printing of the hall of Jingshi University has always been only for the use of students of this school, after all, this is also used by Mr. Baixi's students! Therefore, our Commercial Press is still exclusive. And what about the second? ”

"Second, the primary school textbooks I compiled, especially the Chinese language, will you have no problem printing them?" Sun Yuanqi was concerned that Hanyu Pinyin would not be easy to promote in the south. Moreover, according to the number of primary and secondary schools in Beijing, I am afraid that there will not be a few copies sold. If it is printed, the Commercial Press is afraid that it will lose money.

Mr. Shi waved his hand again: "The technology of our hall, Mr. Baixi still has to rest assured." It can be said that in Shanghai, we don't dare to call the first in the Press, but it is definitely the top three! So, that's not a problem either. So, what about the third? ”

"......" seems to be speaking by himself, but he didn't understand. I had to explain: "Mr. Shi, I'm worried that these textbooks will not sell well, and you will suffer ......."

"Oh, don't worry about that. The textbooks written by Mr. Baixi are now very famous, and many schools have written to order them! In the past month or two, we have been working overtime to print it, and the supply is still in short supply. Therefore, Mr. Baixi doesn't have to think about the problem of sales! Mr. Shi explained with a smile, "Thank you, Mr. Baekhee, for your love for our museum. And what about the third? ”

"Third...... Third, can you give me a few sets when you print them? I teach my students to use it too. Sun Yuan said.

Mr. Shi laughed: "Hahaha, Mr. Baixi, this is even more of a problem!" And what about the fourth? ”

"Fourth...... There is no fourth. "Sun Yuanqi's third point is all improvised, so naturally there is no fourth point.

"Good! Mr. Baek-hee is really a scholar! Mr. Shi hugged his fists at Sun Yuan, and then said, "As for the issue of remuneration, the contemptible person can't give Mr. a definite number now, but don't worry, Mr. will never owe Mr. anything!" ”

Sun Yuan waved his hand, signaling that he could trust them. So, Mr. Shi and Mr. Yin began to pack up all kinds of textbooks on the table, intending to take them away in one go.

When he went out, Sun Yuanqi occasionally glanced at it, and saw the thickest dictionary, and said in surprise: "What, you still have a dictionary?" ”

"Dictionary, can't you take it?" Mr. Shi saw Sun Yuanqi's surprised expression and was a little frightened.

"No, no, no!" Sun Yuanqi hurriedly explained: "The point is that it's useless for you to take the dictionary!" ”

"Primary school Chinese textbooks have pinyin. But there is only pinyin, there is no dictionary, and pinyin is useless! The young man surnamed Yin said.

Sun Yuanqi thought about it, and it was also the reason. Just let them take it, just tell them to get it back as soon as possible, after all, this is the "only one in the world", there is only one in the world, and there is no other branch!

;