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The Russian army encircled Pleven for two months, until the Turkish army ran out of ammunition and food, and then forced Pleven's 30,000 defenders to surrender in December.

With the fall of Plevin, the war took a turn. The Russian army has achieved a superiority of more than two to one over the Turkish army in terms of strength and weapons. The Tsar personally decided that the Russian army would immediately brave the bitter cold to launch an attack south of the Balkan Mountains.

The Russian Danube Army attacked along a 150-kilometer-wide frontal multi-way assault, while the Turkish army was not allowed to retreat due to insufficient troops, so it was swallowed up by the frenzy of the Russian offensive.

Serbia then entered the war against Turkey on 13 December and moved its troops to the city of Niš. General Gurko's troops on the Western Route, actively assisted by Bulgarian residents and partisans, crossed the Balkan Mountains in extremely difficult conditions of a harsh winter and routed the Turkish army of 40,000 people in the direction of Sofia. and occupied Sofia on January 4, 1878.

The Russian Central Route troops under the command of General Fyodor Fedorovich Rajetsky surrounded and captured 30,000 troops of Weisel and Pasha in the Battle of Shenovo on January 8~9, 1878. The Danube Army launched an offensive south of the Balkans, defeating Suliman Pasha's army at the Battle of Fili*li, after which on the 4th it captured Adrianapolie, and then advanced towards Constantinople.

At this time, Hamid II finally remembered Napoleon's previous entrustment, and hurriedly announced that he would sign a treaty with Alexander II.

However, how could Alexander II let go of the great opportunity, seeing that Hamid II was about to surrender, he hurriedly commanded the army of the Danube Front to continue the attack in the direction of Constantinople, and let the army of the Caucasus cooperate with the advance, this time the pressure of ambition was to make Turkey completely ruined!

Third, the glory of Rome! A stone's throw away!

However, the reality is always cruel, and Alexander II may not have imagined in the end that his close allies in the united front would actually encourage Britain to attack him behind his back.

The victory of the Russians caused panic among the ruling circles of Great Britain and Austria-Hungary, and the government of Disraeli sent a British Royal Navy detachment to the Sea of Marmara, assuming a posture of not hesitating to break up. He even stated that as long as Russia continued to attack Constantinople, they would stop at nothing to fight a war!

Drive the Russians out of the Crimea!

Berlin, which had been ambiguous, also came forward, declaring that Russia's victory was upsetting the balance in Europe and betraying their agreement with the Three Emperors' Alliance.

France, which has always been loud and clear, also lost its voice at this time, pretending to be deaf and dumb, and making a fortune in a muffled voice.

All of a sudden, Tsar Alexander II was brought to the forefront.

And they didn't know that this situation was actually caused by Napoleon's instigation and provocation.

Under pressure from the European powers, the Russian tsar had no choice but to give up the idea of continuing the attack on Constantinople. Seeing that the method taught to him by Napoleon worked, Hamid II hurriedly offered to sign an agreement.

Thus, the Treaty of San Stefano, which had been concocted long ago, finally appeared on the stage of history.

The treaty was concocted in advance by the Russian Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Gochakov and the Tsar, and was a complete alliance for Turkey, leaving no room for maneuver.

The treaty stipulates that Turkey recognizes the full independence of the three countries of Montenegro, Serbia and Romania; Recognition of Bosnia and Herzegovina's autonomy but its retention; the establishment of the Great Bulgarian State and the possibility of the presence of Russian power in Bulgaria; return southwestern Sarabia to Russia, and incorporate Kars, Batumi, Ardahan, and Bayazit into Russian territory; Amend the rules for passage in the Bosphorus to allow the passage of warships from countries bordering the Black Sea such as Russia.

The signing of the "Peace Treaty of San Stefano" aroused strong dissatisfaction among Britain, Austria and other countries, and they jointly exerted pressure on Russia to spit out the fruits that had been swallowed. German Chancellor Otto von Bismarck came forward to mediate, claiming to be an honest intermediary because the balance of power was extremely unfavorable to Russia.

The joy of victory did not last long, and the Hermitage was again in turmoil.

Tsar Alexander II, who was anxious, was very troubled by the joint pressure of other countries, and the victory that was clearly within his reach gradually became blurred.

He even felt that the Hermitage was slowly falling with the aging empire, even as he desperately wanted to change everything. Including the fate of destruction.

However, under heavy pressure, Alexander only felt that he could not do anything.

Napoleon always jumped out at the right time, such as this time, when he privately sent a telegram to Alexander II, and his attitude towards the Peace of Santo Stefano had to be tough enough! Don't believe Bismarck's nonsense as a political broker.

"If you throw in the towel, Big Bulgaria becomes Little Bulgaria; The Bosphorus is still closed to Russian * ships. Turkey would cede Cyprus to the British, and Bosnia and Herzegovina would come under Austro-Hungarian rule. As a result, you have fought a war and gained nothing. Isn't this a humiliation for St. Petersburg? ”

Alexander II held a telegram from Paris in his hand and remained silent for a long time. Napoleon's question was exactly what he had been thinking about for a long time, that the army attacking Turkey had exhausted all the forces of Russia, and that he needed some time to recuperate.

But Napoleon pointed out sharply in his letters that Germany and Austria-Hungary would not wage war against you, but would only impose a long-term blockade. Because they are afraid that France and Russia will conclude a real military ally. It is Britain who is most likely to wage war against you, but he does not have a single firm ally on the continent to provide assistance. So he can only threaten you with naval guns on the sea. The best way to do this is to relinquish power in the Black Sea region, keep the Balkans, and never concede to Austria-Hungary.

At this time, Gochakov hurried to the Winter Palace, and when he handed the telegram to the Tsar at first, the other party just said that he wanted to calm down, but he did not expect that an hour later, the attitude of the stressed mountain suddenly changed, and he hurriedly summoned him.

Gochakov hurried past the intricate patterns carved into the palace, stepped on the spotless red carpet, and pushed open the door to Alexander's office.

At this time, Alexander was leaning against the table, muttering the contents of the telegram word by word.

"If you want us not to admit it, the French are simple. Try them instead? Britain, Germany and Austria-Hungary are all putting pressure on us, just one Paris, and the attitude is ambiguous. I really don't know what the plan is behind Paris, but to stop at the most critical moment for Russia, and to lend a helping hand when we are most desperate. I wondered, what the hell are they trying to do? ”

Gochakov naturally picked up the topic of the Tsar, and he analyzed and said, "Because France does not want to offend Germany and Britain now, but it does not want to make them bigger, it wants to win over Russia as a balancing power." Otherwise, how could St. Petersburg and Paris come together, but now it seems that Paris does not only want to balance forces, but even wants us to lose both. The intentions are sinister. ”

Alexander II guessed Napoleon's intentions, and he calmly analyzed, "But the French side also chose very accurately, and they specially used this peace treaty to make trouble, which is exactly what we have in mind." I have long been accustomed to Bismarck's inconsistencies in the form of political brokers, but in fact it was only to help Austria-Hungary gain power in the Balkans. ”

"So what should we do?"

Gochakov's expression was anxious, "It's not for the sake of the Balkans to offend the most popular allies in Europe now." ”

Looking at Alexander II's sworn appearance, Gochakov was sure that the other party had found the answer.

"The limelight?"

Alexander II said disdainfully, "Didn't Austria-Hungary want to gain dominance in the Balkans?" We incited the Slavs of Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina against Joseph's rule and firmly established in their hearts the image of the savior of the Slavic nation. and incitement against the rule of Vienna. After that, St. Petersburg could stand up and provide shelter to the Slavs. ”

Gochakov said in a lost voice, "Is this a complete tear with our allies?" Before......"

"Before was before, now is now! Now that Austria-Hungary is ready to break up, Russia must also fight to the end for the sake of the Balkans. I still don't believe it, Austria-Hungary can now take the Balkans? Don't fold yourself in Serbia by then! ”

"What if war finally breaks out?"

"Hit! Even if it is the end of Nicholas II, I still don't believe it, Austria-Hungary has such courage! Russia dares to fight for power for the Balkans, does he dare in Vienna? If we don't take a step back, will Britain dare to send troops? Now that Germany is going to attack us, I will first kill their allies in turn, and then cooperate with France to form an opposing military bloc! ”

Alexander II was convinced that Austria-Hungary would never be allowed to reap the fruits of his politics, and if Bismarck dared to raise any objections, Russia would withdraw from the Three Emperors Alliance and declare that it would be ready for war and conflict in the Balkans at any time.

Alexander II had only one thought, and he wanted to make everyone understand that the Slavic bear was more terrible than anyone else when he was unreasonable!

"Russia has made it clear that it wants to stir up trouble! Whoever is not convinced, come! ”

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