After entering the seventh month of the lunar calendar, Sun Yuanqi has been in the horse temple, on the one hand, he took advantage of his memories to write middle school and university physics textbooks, because he didn't know what the specific textbooks were now, so he could only recall the appearance of the textbooks in the 21st century; On the one hand, it is necessary to conceive a paper to be sent to a foreign country. As for the uproar outside, Sun Yuanqi has no interest in politics, and he knows that he is powerless, and he has no skills to return to heaven, and this pool of water is too deep, so he may drown himself in it. Although it has nothing to do with him, he still dreamed several times that he was pushed to the entrance of the vegetable market.

"It's going to rain, my mother is going to get married, let him go!"

On the sixth day of the Lunar New Year, Ding Yunliang sent someone to send a letter of appointment, which was neatly written with a brush:

"Chongshi Middle School Hall Appointment Letter

Hereby hired

Mr. Sun Yuanqi is a member of the school with a term of office of one academic year and a monthly salary of 40 yuan.

This hire.

Principal: (Ke Ninghanyin)

July 5, 24th year of Guangxu of the Great Qing Dynasty"

Through the name of the flower, you can know that the principal is a foreigner, but there is also a Chinese seal, which is somewhat unconventional. Sun Yuanqi didn't care, and carefully put it away, this was the first job in the Qing Dynasty. Two days later, he personally went to Ding Yunliang's mansion to thank him. and according to Ding Yunliang's instructions, he went to meet Mr. Ke Ninghan.

Mr. Kenneth is also a pastor, having been the principal of Chongshi High School for six or seven years, and is a strict middle-aged man. Compared with Ding Yunliang's fluent Beijing accent, Mr. Ke Ninghan's Chinese is worse, and it is better to converse in English. Seeing Sun Yuanqi so young, he was somewhat skeptical about his academic qualifications. Sun Yuanqi didn't dare to be serious, although he was a genuine master's degree, but except for seeing the United States in movies and television, he had never set foot in the United States for half a step. In view of the fact that Sun Yuanqi was recommended by Mr. Ding Yunliang, Mr. Ke Ninghan was not too dissatisfied, but only gave a general explanation of the precautions, and lent Sun Yuanqi a copy of "Introduction to Gewu" in order to familiarize himself with the course.

On July 16, 1898, Chongshi High School opened.

According to Mr. Ke Ninghan, there are 164 students in the junior high, middle and higher levels, but there are only 3 staff members and 6 teachers, who need to be responsible for self-cultivation, reading the scriptures, Chinese language, arithmetic, history, geography, Gezhi, naturalism, English, painting, gymnastics, singing and other courses. Among them, the school's Gezhi courses are all taught by Sun Yuanqi.

The first class is for the advanced class.

The moment Sun Yuanqi stepped into the teacher in a long shirt and cloth shoes, there was a feeling of transcending time and space, as if he was now participating in the unsuccessful interview. When he arrived on the stage, he looked at the uneven students in the audience, and felt that the facts deviated too much from his imagination, at least the gap with the middle school in the 21st century, so that he couldn't adapt to it for a while: the desks under the stage were quite tidy, but among the 20 or so people in a classroom, there were fifteen or sixteen-year-old teenagers, and young people in their twenties, all wearing long shirts and dragging braids, sitting in their seats in a regular manner, looking curiously at this young and handsome new teacher. At the end of the classroom sat Mr. Ke Ninghan, probably not very relieved, so I came to listen to it for myself.

Sun Yuanqi cleared his throat: "My surname is Sun, my name is Yuanqi, and my name is Baixi, from now on, I will teach you physics, that is, Gezhi." Perhaps, in the future, we will use the word 'physics' more generally. The so-called 'physics' is the fundamental principle of all things. Before that, I'd like to give you a general overview of what classical physics is all about. Classical physics is generally divided into four parts: mechanics, thermals, optics, and electromagnetism. According to the differences in the grades of students, the following arrangements are made: acoustics and mechanics are taught in the primary class; Mechanics and Thermals are taught in the middle class; Advanced classes teach optics and electromagnetism. Since there are no suitable teaching materials at this stage, I hope that you will listen carefully and take good notes during class. If you have a question in class, you can raise your hand to ask it. ”

There was silence below, just staring at him.

"So, let's start the lesson. In the first lesson, we will mainly describe the phenomenon of light around us. And just like that, the first class began. In class, Sun Yuanqi tried his best to explain what a light source is in popular language and examples from life, and explained how light travels in a straight line, what is reflection, and the law of reflection.

A class at Chongshi Middle School is an hour long. When the bell rang, Sun Yuanqi felt that his voice was a little hoarse, and finally asked, "Do you have any questions that you don't understand?" ”

There was silence below.

Sun Yuanqi packed up his lecture syllabus and walked out of the classroom. At this time, Mr. Kenneh also walked out of the classroom, smiled and said, "Mr. Johnson, your physics is rigorous and interesting, very good. ”

"Thank you for the compliment, Mr. Kennehmann, and thank you for your patience in listening to one of my lessons." Sun Yuanqi bowed slightly.

"You're welcome, keep up the good work." Mr. Ke Ninghan patted Sun Yuanqi on the shoulder vigorously, and then walked to the principal's office.

Sun Yuanqi gave two classes to each class a week, a total of six classes, and occasionally made a cameo appearance as a teacher of arithmetic and naturalism. In these third-class classes, the primary class asks the most questions, and there are all kinds of strange questions; And the advanced classes are the least, almost none, and I don't know how well they are studying, and the homework is done well, which is the only thing to be thankful about.

Soon two weeks later, Sun Yuanqi also received his first salary in the Qing Dynasty: 40 yuan of Yingyang. After coming to the Qing Dynasty, Mr. Conger gave 15 pieces of Yingyang, and Mr. Ding Yunliang also gave 10 taels of silver. In daily life, in addition to the more expensive handicrafts, the food is extremely cheap, but Sun Yuanqi's biggest expense is food. So after more than a month, the 10 taels of silver in his hand did not move, and Yingyang still had 1 yuan unspent. Now with the addition of 40 oceans, it is actually a small family asset.

On Saturday afternoon, Sun Yuanqi carried a box of snacks bought by Lao Tong, brought 15 pieces of Yingyang, wore a long shirt, cloth shoes, and a hat to meet Mr. Conger.

Speaking of hats, Sun Yuanqi has a headache all the time. When I first arrived in the Qing Dynasty, my hair was a flat inch, but after more than a month, it grew another inch, but I didn't dare to go out to find a barber to shave my head. In the summer, my hair is long, I have to buckle a hat, drag a fake braid, and cover my head with prickly heat. Also, it is not convenient to shave, so I have to use the razor I bought back to shave slowly in front of the mirror, and even so, there are still several cuts on my chin......

I went to Dongjiaomin Lane once a month ago, but this time I am familiar with the road. But this time, the Qing soldiers became angry, and when they saw Sun Yuanqi wearing a long robe, they came over with a knife and a gun to surround him. Fortunately, I was prepared before, and took out the road slip issued by Ding Yunliang and covered with the "Jingshi University Hall", and read it several times, but there was no mistake, so I had to wave my hand and let go. Those GIs in the United States were also very careful about the inspection of the Qing people, but this time it was not as good as last time, the road list was genuine, and it was successfully passed.

Entering the courtyard of the American Legation, Sun Yuanqi immediately took off his hat: not to mention that he was guilty, the eyes of foreigners passing by were not very friendly. I didn't think about it, I took off my hat and looked at me more.

Fortunately, Mr. Conger's house was not far away. Rang the doorbell, and it was still the black mother who came out, Sun Yuanqi greeted with a smile: "I'm very happy to see you again!" ”

The black grandmother was stunned at first, but the Asian man's height and short hair immediately reminded her: "Ha——, you're the same Asian before, right?" Come in, Mr. and Mrs. Conger are having afternoon tea. ”

When the Conger family saw Sun Yuanqi walking into the living room, they all stood up. Mr. Conger smiled and stretched out his hand and said, "Good afternoon, young man, we meet again." ”

"Yes, Mr. Conger, it is an honor to see you again, and you, beautiful lady." Sun Yuanqi handed the snack to Mrs. Conger, and then shook hands with Mr. Conger warmly, "Thank you very much for your help to me last time. ”

"Sit down and talk. What to drink, tea or coffee? Conger said, pointing to the couch.

The black woman said, "Young man, is it still the same cappuccino last time?" ”

"Yes, thank you." With that, take a seat on the couch.

Mrs. Conger opened the snack box: "You brought the pastries to come in handy, they look delicious." ”

Mrs. Conger's full name is Sarah Pike Conger, and she came to Beijing with Conger, but she didn't see Sun Yuan when she got up last time. Mrs. Conger is well-known in the history of Sino-American exchanges: she met the Empress Dowager Cixi nine times and wrote the book "Letters from Peking: Especially about the Empress Dowager Cixi and Chinese Women."

"Thank you." Sun Yuanqi replied politely, then took out the prepared 15 pieces of Yingyang and put them on the table, "This is the money I borrowed from Mr. Conger last time." Because I got paid after working, I paid it back first. As for the kindness and friendship of the gentleman, I will always remember it. ”

Mr. Conger was very straightforward, and did not shirk it, and asked, "Is the university open?" The newspaper said that there was still a few days left. ”

"The university didn't start, but it was the kind Mr. Ding Yunliang who found me a position in the middle school." Sun Yuanqi replied.

"Ding Yunliang, I have seen him, and he is a kind priest." Mrs. Conger interjected.

Mr. Conger said, "By the way, I should say sorry to you." I think we all made a mistake. Because I had just arrived in Beijing, I thought that the name of 'Jingshi University' could be written in Weituma Pinyin as 'NationalKingshim University'. Recently, I learned that it is often translated as 'Metropolitan University' or 'Imperial University of Peking'. The only good thing is that the mailing address for your paper is the U.S. Legation in China, and you should have no problem receiving a reply. ”

"It may have come from my misdirection." Sun Yuanqi thought that he might have been the first to say the term "NationalJingshi University", "Kingshim University is also a good name, isn't it?" ”

The two smiled at each other. Mrs. Conger was a little confused: "Papers? Young man, do you write a dissertation? About what? ”

"Madam, you can call me York." Sun Yuanqi suspected that Mr. Conger could not remember his name either, "It was a paper I wrote about radium radiation. ”

"Sounds interesting." Mrs. Conger was intrigued, "So, York, has your paper been published?" ”

Sun Yuanqi also wanted to know the answer to this question, and looked at Mr. Conger. Mr. Conger shrugged: "It's already been sent to Science." Because the mail has to cross the Pacific Ocean, it is estimated that it will take another time before there is news. ”

In the scientific community of the 21st century, Science in the United States and Nature in the United Kingdom are absolutely god-like existences. If you can publish an article on it, you will immediately upgrade from a "rookie" to a "big cow". The reason why Sun Yuanqi wanted to vote for these two magazines was not because they were awesome, but at the end of the nineteenth century, he only knew that these two magazines were founded:

Science: In 1880, Thomas AlvaEdison, the inventor of the electric light and one of the world's most famous scientists, founded the weekly Science weekly. Today, the weekly magazine is expertly edited to deliver two different types of scientific information to its 160,000 subscribers around the world: the most important news stories about science and science policy for the week, and a selection of papers reporting the world's most significant breakthroughs in scientific research. In this sense, Science Weekly is both a traditional academic journal and a news magazine.

Nature: There are eleven journals in the Nature family: the weekly Nature (founded in 1869); NatureGenetics, a monthly journal (founded in 1992); Nature Structural Biology (founded in 1994); Nature Medicine (founded in 1995); Nature Biotechnology (founded in 1996); Nature Neuroscience (founded in 1998); Nature Cell Biology (founded in 1999); Nature Immunology (founded in 2000); and three other review journals: NatureReviesGenetics, NatureReviesMolecularCellBiology, and NatureReviesNeuroscience (founded in 2000). The main purpose of these journals is to publish the highest quality scientific papers in the industry, any scientific field with great potential. At the same time, he also publishes some critical articles, new stories, brief descriptions, etc. Submissions can also be in the form of letters, news, reviews, etc.

Speaking of this, Sun Yuanqi took out a wad of paper from his schoolbag and handed it to Mr. Conger. If you look closely, it is a paper entitled "Experiments and Conjectures on the Structure of Atoms".

At the beginning of the twentieth century, scientists were very curious about the structure of atoms, and devoted a lot of energy to research, taking many detours: after Thomson discovered electrons, he proposed a model of the distribution of positive and negative charges in atoms that seemed reasonable at that time, that is, the positively charged part of the atom was uniformly distributed in the atom, and the electrons were embedded in it, which was called the "raisin bread model". To test the correctness of the Thomson model, Rutherford devised a α particle scattering experiment in 1911, in which most particles were observed to be deflected by about one degree after passing through the gold leaf. However, about 1/8000th of the particle scattering angle θ > 90 degrees, or even 180 degrees, and backreflection occurs. The fact that α particles are scattered at a large angle cannot be explained by the Thomson model, unless the positive charge in the atom is concentrated in a small volume, the repulsive force will be large enough to scatter the α particles at a large angle, on this basis, Rutherford proposed the nuclear model of the atom, also known as the "Rutherford model", which believes that there is a very small nucleus in the center of the atom, which concentrates all the positive charge and almost all the mass, and all the electrons are distributed around it. This is the first step towards a proper understanding of the structure of the atom.

Junior high school students in the 21st century know the structure of the atom. But at this time, it needs top scientists Thomson, Rutherford, Einstein and others to study and discover. These are the cornerstones of the later development of science, and without this link, natural science will remain in its infancy. Sun Yuanqi's paper starts from Thomson's discovery of electrons and his recent "Experimental Study of Uranium, Polonium, and Radium Radiation Rays", and borrows Rutherford's α particle scattering experiments to derive the famous Rutherford scattering formula, thus "conjecture" that there is a very small nucleus in the center of the atom, which concentrates all the positive charges and almost all the mass; All the electrons are distributed around it and orbital.

Mr. Conger didn't understand it very well, so he handed it to his wife, and she naturally didn't understand it either. Sun Yuanqi had no choice but to describe the background of the experiment in plain language, and carefully explained the process of the experiment and the significance of the experimental results. Through the narration, the Congers finally understood something.

"It's an amazing experiment. Are you going to publish this paper? Mrs. Conger asked.

"Yes, ma'am. But I don't know how to send it yet...... "Sun Yuanqi is completely ignorant of how the postal system works now," so I wanted to ask Mr. Conger in the hope of getting some help. ”

Mr. Conger laughed: "Then you have come at the right time, my wife will leave for London, England, in two days, for my son Thomas is studying at Cambridge, and she misses him so much." Perhaps, you can take the time to go to Nature magazine and deliver it in person. ”

"Yes, you know, we at Tommy are also studying physics." Mrs. Conger was proud of her son, "I think I'll be back at Christmas." ”

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