The journal "Science" seemed to anticipate that once the paper came out, Luoyang paper would be expensive and a volume would be hard to find, and after the typesetting of the journal, it immediately began to arrange the publication of a single edition of the paper, and organized biologists to interpret the paper in an all-round way.

Dr. Johnson, although he is well-known in the scientific community, is only famous for biologists, and his influence in the profession is even less than that of his wife, Zhao Jinghui. The root cause is that Zhao Jinghui's pharmacological research is quite close to biology, while Sun Yuanqi's focus on chemistry, physics, electronics, astronomy, etc. is almost like well water and river water". When many biologists receive the invitation, they can't help but sneer three times in their hearts: Want to play biology? You deserve it too!

Biology is almost the oldest discipline in all human knowledge, long before the man and ape are separated, and even before man has become a man, human beings are constantly understanding the surrounding creatures, only by accurately distinguishing which animals and plants can be eaten, which animals and plants are dangerous, and reasonably pursuing advantages and avoiding disadvantages, in order to better preserve life; When raising livestock and planting crops, only by accurately grasping the development laws of animals and plants can we obtain better returns.

After thousands of years of accumulation and countless people's exploration, biology has developed quite completely, and the disciplinary barriers are relatively difficult to break. To put it in a vulgar phrase: creatures are not what you want to play, you can play if you want! However, due to Dr. Johnson's great reputation and the kind invitation of Science magazine, they still read patiently.

Sun Yuanqi's own understanding of genetics is limited to a few words in middle school biology textbooks and news media, and the description and conjecture in the paper are far greater than the content of arguments and data. Although there are many new scientific terms, they are generally very easy to understand, and it is not difficult to read and understand. As the paper goes page by page. Everyone's faces gradually became solemn, and they began to fall into deep thought from time to time:

What, the genetic material is nucleic acids, not proteins? Can it be verified by pneumococcal type conversion experiments and phage experiments?

What, DNA is a double helix structure? Can this be demonstrated by X-ray diffraction photographs of DNA crystallization?

What, is cancer due to mutations in transforming genes (oncogenes)? Transformed genes have always existed in the genome of humans and other animals and are responsible for normal physiological functions?

What the. There is no need for male and female mating, no union of sperm and egg, only a single cell is extracted from the animal. Cultivating embryos artificially and implanting them into females can give birth to new individuals?

……

The more biologists watched, the more shocked they became, and some couldn't wait to go back to the lab with their papers. Verify a series of groundbreaking conclusions mentioned by Sun Yuanqi in the article. The impression of Sun Yuanqi in their hearts also took a 180-degree turn: sure enough, there is no vanity under the fame! If he had been involved in biology ten years earlier. Wouldn't biology be the same as physics, chemistry and other disciplines?

In the end, everyone's conclusions are the same: whether Dr. Johnson's conclusions mentioned in his paper are correct or not, it will take biology, especially genetics, a big step forward, and even a new era.

After hearing the news, science reporters and columnists also relied on their understanding of the paper to cheer for Sun Yuan in newspapers and magazines. The headline in The Times was "Can Man reproduce asexually like a plant?" almost grabs the reader's attention in one fell swoop. The preceding introduction is just as seductive:

When spring arrives, farmers use seedlings or shoots to grow plants in vegetative or vegetative propagation. Such as cuttings and grafting, so as to harvest the same fruit as the previous plant. In "Journey to the West", a monkey surnamed Sun is able to conjure the same self with his own hair. So can humans reproduce asexually like plants or monkeys with the surname Sun? For example, use a cell extracted from the body, and then breed a new individual that is exactly like yourself. To this, the amazing Dr. Johnson gave an affirmative answer. Coincidentally, Dr. Johnson is also from the East and also has the surname Sun.

The Christian Monitor, which is always rigorous, focuses on the ethical issues that human cloning can bring. The Daily Herald published a large report on several fertility methods mentioned in Sun Yuanqi's paper under the title of "The Gospel of the Infertility: Dr. Johnson's Solution", such as in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer technology (that is, the 2010 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for IVF technology), and the later development of intracytoplasmic sperm injection technology and cloning technology.

As for the noble and glamorous "New York Times", it is a serious discussion of the origin of cancer mentioned by Sun Yuanqi in the paper, of course, this is also very attractive to the reader's eye, after all, cancer has a very high mortality rate, has always been an important disease that seriously threatens human health and life, and Sun Yuanqi put forward several points are also very interesting.

For example, Sun Yuanqi proposed that oncogenes can be traced back to the evolutionary history of human beings. He believes that in the process of evolution from lower organisms to higher organisms, there were two choices in the face of body mutilation, one was to be reborn with severed limbs, and creatures such as salamanders and geckos retained this function. This function sounds very useful, but there are advantages and disadvantages, the disadvantage is that the genes that determine the regeneration of amputated limbs are easily out of control, and once out of control, they will evolve into malignant tumors with a high mortality rate. Higher beings, including humans, weighed for a long time and found that a mutilated limb is a life of nine deaths, and a cancer is a lifetime of ten deaths, and finally chose the latter option, that is, not to break the limb and regenerate the function.

Although the choice is not, this gene is still latent in the human body, and under normal circumstances, it is responsible for normal physiological functions, and it may cause tumors if it is stimulated. What are the conditions for cancer? Sun Yuanqi went on to put forward his second point of view, that is, the cells of the human body can be passed for about 50 generations under normal circumstances, and then enter the limit, most of the cells will die, and the few surviving cells will undergo some kind of change in the regulation of regenerative genes, so that they can break through the limit and divide indefinitely, and then form cancer.

In the early days, human beings would die due to various diseases, and the average life expectancy was only forty or fifty years old, and most people often did not live to the limit of apoptosis, and the cells died of disease before they had time to mutate. After the Industrial Revolution, living conditions gradually improved, science and technology, especially medical science, have made great progress, and human life expectancy has been greatly improved, which just gives cells the opportunity to mutate. In the future, the incidence of cancer in humans will gradually increase.

Just as Sun Yuanqi's paper set off wave after wave of discussion in the West, Zhao Jinghui and Rutherford also arrived in the port of Marseille in France by ship. European journalists are also very interested in the two men, not only because of their achievements in their respective fields of expertise, but also because they both come from the same school.

Today, the Nobel Prize has had a huge impact on the world due to its relatively fair evaluation and huge prize money, and this is the first time that the two winners of the two prizes have come from the same school in the 12 editions that have been awarded. Moreover, this school has already had 3 winners teaching at the school before this, plus these two, they have won all three science awards of the Nobel Prize in just 5 years, which cannot but be said to be a miracle!

What is even more interesting to reporters is Zhao Jinghui, who is still standing in recent years. There is a precedent for mom-and-pop shops to be Nobel laureates, as early as 1903, the Curies shared the physics prize with their fellow countryman Becquerel for the discovery of the radioactive element radium, but Zhao Jinghui and Sun Yuanqi were in a different situation with them.

First of all, Sun Yuanqi and Zhao Jinghui studied completely different fields, one was chemistry, physics, astronomy, electronics, and more recent biology, while the other was medicine, and there was no intersection at all.

Secondly, both of them enjoyed the bonus of that year, which shows that their research results are unique in the world.

third, both of them were only about 30 years old when they won the award, especially Zhao Jinghui, who even set a record for the youngest winner; Mr. Curie was 44 years old when he won the award, and Marie Curie was 36 years old.

As soon as Zhao Jinghui and Rutherford got off the boat, they were firmly surrounded by a large number of reporters, so frightened that Lao Zhao hurriedly stopped in front and pushed these reporters around. The reporters are all young and strong, and Lao Zhao's push is tantamount to a grasshopper shaking a tree, and their problems are flying one after another:

"Mr. Rutherford, you have studied at the University of Canterbury in Christchurch, New Zealand, and the University of Cambridge in the United Kingdom, and then at McGill University in Canada, and now you are teaching at the University of King's World in the Far East. Mr. Tesla also won the Nobel Prize at Jingshi University. What's the secret? ”

"There is no secret, if anything, of the superior research environment of the University and the excellent leadership of Dr. Johnson," Rutherford mused. ”

"Does the excellent performance of Jingshi University over the years mean that the center of science has shifted from the West to the East?"

"As you know," Rutherford said, "the University of the World is one of the most important centers of scientific research today. But this does not mean the transfer of scientific centers, only that the ancient East is rising. ”

"Dr. Johnson recently published a compelling paper, you know? What are your thoughts on this? ”

Rutherford nodded: "I got the news from the newspaper when the ship was passing through the Suez Canal. I think this is the best choice Yank has made in recent years, not only for himself, but also for the world's scientific community. ”

"But what do you think of it, but what he chooses is not physics, chemistry, astronomy, electronics, etc., which he is good at, but biology that he has never set foot in?"

Rutherford laughed, "Maybe Yank thinks that the Swedish Academy of Sciences can't give him another prize in physics or chemistry, so he wants to try his luck at Karolinska Institutet?" (To be continued......)

ps: I drank yesterday and couldn't update, sorry. Let's see if we can make up for it tomorrow......