Volume 3, Frost Sky Dawn Corner

After 1902, Sun Yuanqi, who was a little famous, no longer used to publish academic papers on a large scale to gain fame as before, publishing only one or two articles a year on average. But there was no loss in quality, and almost every article opened up a whole new field of research: electronic computers, particle accelerators, transistors, antimatter, superconductors...... Because of this, the scientific community paid more attention to Sun Yuanqi's papers, and the Journal of Sī Li Jing Shi University became famous and became an essential journal for many scientific research institutions. Every time a new issue arrives, everyone will eagerly check the catalog to see if there are any of Sun Yuanqi's latest articles in it.

Since the end of 1904, when he gave a lecture on antimatter at the Royal Society, Sun Yuanqi did not publish any related papers to further explore antimatter. The scientific community lamented his good fortune that he was able to predict the existence of antimatter in the universe, and at the same time marched along the path he blazed, hoping to make its own contribution to the discovery of antimatter and its origins.

Two years have passed, and the academic community's views on antimatter are strange and inconsistent, and many researchers hope that the Oriental wonder boy, who has the reputation of "the father of antimatter", can stand up and give everyone an explanation. However, the guy who often stirred the nerves of the scientific community suddenly switched to studying superconductors, seemingly forgetting that there is such a thing as "antimatter" in the world. It wasn't until the beginning of 1907, when everyone read his latest paper, that they realized that they were not idle.

When I started reading this paper, everyone's first reaction was, "What? The universe was originally just a little? This kid has drunk too much and still hasn't woken up, how can he talk nonsense in a scientific magazine" XNG is in a hurry and is ready to put down the magazine and write an article criticizing this delusional Far Eastern scientist. It's just that Sun Yuanqi's reputation is indeed a bit terrifying now, forcing these scientists to continue to look hard.

Seeing the middle, I found that Sun Yuanqi also boldly mentioned a verification scheme: observing spiral nebulae, you will find that there is a redshift in the spectral lines of most nebulae, so as to prove that the universe is still expanding. In doubt, physicists who have long had good things to do so asked the observatory to verify this. At present, there are three types of observation redshifts observed by observatories:

First, the Doppler redshift, which is formed due to the radial shutter source moving away from us in a fixed space. As early as 1848, it was first discovered by the French physicist Fizeau. It is also pointed out that the shift in the position of the sidereal spectral lines is due to the Doppler effect, which is also known as the "Doppler-Fisso effect".

Second, the gravitational redshift, which is formed due to the electromagnetic wave getting rid of the gravitational field. The amount of red shift formed by gravity can only be detected if the gravitational field is particularly strong. Commenting on this phenomenon requires the use of general relativity, which was not understood at the beginning of the twentieth century.

Third, the cosmological redshift is formed by the expansion of the universe itself, which is the "redshift phenomenon" mentioned by Sun Yuanqi in the article. This phenomenon was published by the American astronomer Shriver in 1912. He observed the spectra of 41 extragalactic galaxies and found that 36 of them had redshifts. Hubble then found that their redshift was correlated with their distance xng. Today, cosmological redshift is considered strong evidence for the Big Bang theory of the universe.

This phenomenon is not difficult to observe, and it has probably been discovered before this, but no one has summarized the law and considered it in this way of thinking. Now that Sun Yuanqi has shown the way, and astronomers have observed it attentively, it has become obvious. Several observatories in Europe and the United States have joined forces, and in just one or two months, they have come to a preliminary conclusion: Professor Johnson is right, at least on the point that there is a redshift in the spectral lines of most galaxies

What does it mean that the conclusions derived from theories are actually proved by actual observations?

For a time, the scientific community was somewhat speechless. Then everyone expressed their opinions, some praised and scolded, some praised and reprimanded, and it was very lively.

The impact of this paper is not just in the scientific community. For thousands of years, well-fed people have often asked this question when they look up at the night sky: When and how did the universe come to be? Pangu opened the heavens and the earth, and God created the sun, moon and stars, all of which were people's original beautiful imaginations. With the advent of modern technology, everyone has long scoffed at the creation of these gods, but the origin of the universe has increasingly disturbed mankind.

After the conclusions of the paper were confirmed by actual observations, the major newspapers around the world reported on this astonishing discovery: the latest scientific research results show that our universe was a small dot with extremely high temperatures tens of billions of years ago, and then the Big Bang formed the universe today. Not only that, but now the universe is still in the process of expanding after the explosion.

This explosive news quickly became a topic that people around the world talked about after dinner. In order to prove the reliability of the source and satisfy the flames of gossip that everyone was blazing, the newspaper reporters exerted the spirit of chasing and fighting fiercely, and shook off Sun Yuanqi's great achievements in inventing the new electric light, discovering "alchemy", and the structure of the atomic nucleus. In just a few weeks, Sun Yuanqi has gone from a well-known young scientist in the scientific community to a star scientist in the public eye. Some media even praised him as "the most outstanding scientist since Newton", and he was in the limelight for a while.

Although China was relatively secluded at the end of the Qing Dynasty, such major events still had some influence. In order to obtain exclusive information, several newspapers in Shanghai sent reporters to Wuhan to interview Sun Yuanqi and inquire about the ins and outs of the origin of the universe. Tony's radio station was not far behind, and did several interviews in a row. In the end, even Zhang Zhidng, the governor of Huguang, was alarmed. During a meeting, he asked with interest: "Baixi, I heard that you have studied that the heavens and the earth were formed by explosions tens of thousands of years ago, what is the explanation?" ”

After Sun Yuanqi was a little ready in the Hubei Academy, he traveled back and forth between Beijing and Hubei from time to time, and in a blink of an eye it was the summer of 1907.

As Yang Du expected, in June, Zhang Zhidng was awarded the co-organizer of the university bachelor's degree. In July, he was re-awarded the rank of Scholar and then became a Scholar of Tirenge, but he remained as the Governor of Huguang. This made Yang Du and Sun Yuanqi a little miscalculated: Is he going to die of old age in Hunan in this life?

In order to satisfy Sun Yuanqi's wishes, and in order to keep himself from dying of old age in Hunan, Zhang Zhidng also began to be emotional. A few days after the decree of the governor of Huguang was issued, he went to the imperial court, saying that he was not in good health and hoped to take leave to recuperate. The imperial court naturally knew that he was not a drunkard, so he had to reward him for 20 days, and he quickly entered Beijing when the holiday was over.

Replacing Zhang Zhidng as the governor of Huguang was Zhao Erxun, the former governor of Sichuan.

The four Zhao Erxun brothers are incredible: the eldest Zhao Erzhen, a thirteen-year jinshi in Tongzhi, once served as Langzhong of the Ministry of Works; The old 2 is Zhao Erxun, who is on the same list as his elder brother, in addition to serving as a scholar and governor, he is also in charge of compiling the "Qing History Manuscript"; The third elder, Zhao Erfeng, successively served as the Sichuan-Yunnan Frontier Minister, the Governor of Sichuan, and the Minister in Tibet, etc., and was executed after the Wuchang Uprising. The fourth Zhao Ercui, who was a jinshi in the fifteenth year of Guangxu, once served as a county commander and a Taoist.

Although Zhao Erxun is very good, when he first arrived, he still let Sun Yuanqi take advantage of the loophole, applied for tens of thousands of taels of tuition, and began to adjust the layout of primary and secondary schools and the transformation of the self-improvement school.

Just when he was full of ambition and ready to start, Sun Yuanqi received a telegram from Sweden:

"Dear Professor Johnson, you were awarded the 1907 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for your 'exploration of the structure of the atom, your genius in foreseeing the nature of the elements, and profoundly revealing the principles of chemical reactions'.