This letter of recommendation was to recommend Rutherford to the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences as a candidate for the 1912 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Welcome to Reading //

Since the end of last year, there has been a commotion throughout the country, and there has been a lot of artillery fire outside the university, as if "North China is so big that it is no longer possible to put a calm desk." In the midst of this turmoil, researchers at Jingshi University have discovered two world-class scientific research results one after another.

The first is that Zhao Jinghui led colleagues in the drug laboratory to discover oxytetracycline.

Among the three drugs previously found in the drug laboratory, artemisinin and penicillin were isolated by Zhao Jinghui according to Sun Yuanqi's prompts, and sulfonamides were completely accidental. However, the advent of these three drugs has undoubtedly increased the visibility of the laboratory in the global medical community, and also enhanced the research interest of laboratory researchers in the drug. However, the success of sulfonamides cannot be replicated, so the research direction of the laboratory mainly focuses on the separation and extraction of plant components of traditional Chinese medicine and the analysis and purification of various mold products.

Zhao Jinghui, who came from a family of farmers and has a special affection for the land, soon discovered Streptomyces in the soil. Streptomyces colonies are small and dense, powdery, velvety, and multi-colored, commonly found in soil and decaying plants, and generally smell earthy. Although Streptomyces spp. reproduces more slowly than other strains, because metabolic antibiotics can inhibit the growth of other strains, Streptomyces spp. will become the dominant species on the territory over time and can be easily detected.

Oxytetracycline is isolated from the culture medium of Streptomyces acanatus, and has a wide range of effects. It is effective against most gram-positive bacteria, negative bacteria, rickettsia, Chlamydia trachomatis, actinomycetes and spirochetes, etc., and can be used to treat dysentery, typhus, trachoma, conjunctivitis, pneumonia, otitis media, boils and skin purulent infection, etc., and will be one of the antibiotics with the longest production and clinical application in the next 100 years. At present, in addition to applying for patents in countries around the world, Zhiyong Pharmaceutical Company has invested a lot of money and material resources to carry out follow-up research on the mechanism of action, drug properties, and production process of oxytetracycline.

More importantly, many species of Streptomyces are secondary metabolites in the metabolic process of antibiotics, such as streptomycin isolated from the gram-positive actinomycete Streptomyces gray culture, which was the first antibiotic to be used in the treatment of tuberculosis (in real history, this achievement won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1952);

Tetracycline isolated from the culture medium of the actinomycete Streptomyces aureus is a broad-spectrum antibiotic, which has a good inhibitory effect on gram-positive bacteria, negative bacteria, rickettsia, filtration viruses, spirochetes and even protozoa.

Erythromycin isolated from the culture of Streptomyces erythromycin. The antibacterial spectrum is similar to penicillin, and has a strong inhibitory effect on gram-positive bacteria, such as staphylococcus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus greenis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus faecalis, Streptococcus haemolyticus, Clostridium, Diphtheria, Bacillus anthracis, etc.;

Kanamycin isolated from the culture medium of Streptomyces cannamyces has a good inhibitory effect on Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacteriaceae, Proteus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Staphylococcus aureus.

……

It is conceivable that the research team led by Zhao Jinghui will inevitably achieve greater results in the future, and the drug laboratory that has no intention of planting willows will also flourish.

Last year, the selection committee awarded the 11th Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine to a scientist named Gulstrand in recognition of his research on eye refraction and his outstanding contributions to the diagnosis and treatment of eye diseases and the correction of vision. Gulstrand's contribution is not insignificant. However, after the announcement of the award, world public opinion was still in an uproar. They have accused the Nobel Prize selection committee of unfairness.

The American journal "Science" published a commentary pointing out: "We have noticed a simple fact, that is, if you have an eye disease and do not correct your vision, there is almost no danger to your life; And malaria, infection, inflammation, if there is no specific medicine to treat, it will undoubtedly be fatal! The Nobel Prize, as a worldwide award with wide influence, has always claimed to be awarded "to those who have made significant contributions to mankind in these fields in the world in the previous year", and the announcement of the winners of the Prize in Physiology or Medicine this time is undoubtedly contrary to their purpose, which is the victory of narrow nationalist thinking over Mr. Nobel's will to 'award the most significant discoveries in the field of medicine and physiology'! ”

Even the British journal "Nature", which has always been old-fashioned and conservative, published an article pointing out: "Ms. Sun Zhao Jinghui, who has discovered three special drugs in a row. She is an outstanding female scientist comparable to Marie Curie, who discovered the two radioactive elements of radium and polonium. Obviously, the key to whether she can win the Nobel Prize lies not in the size of the results, but in the fairness of the selection committee. ”

The remarkable efficacy of the three special drugs, coupled with the criticism and appeal of scholars from all over the world, and now with the help of oxytetracycline, I am embarrassed not to award the 1912 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine to Zhao Jinghui if I want to come to the Royal Karolings Institute of Medicine in Sweden?

As for the second outcome. It was Rutherford's IPRT, the Elemental Laboratory, and the Nuclear Society under the Chinese Society for Science and Technology that used accelerated neutrons to bombard uranium and discover nuclear fission and chain reactions.

As soon as the results were announced, they attracted the attention of the global scientific community. Intensive research into this phenomenon was quickly launched. After Sun Yuanqi got the news, he immediately instructed IPRT and the Nuclear Society to conduct in-depth research on the chain reaction, and strive to achieve a controllable chain reaction as soon as possible; The Element Laboratory cooperates with the Department of Geology and the Department of Chemistry of Jingshi University to search for uranium deposits nationwide on the one hand, and on the other hand, to conduct in-depth research on the separation and purification technology of radioactive elements such as uranium and plutonium.

Then Sun Yuanqi began to write a letter of recommendation to the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, although it is now slightly beyond the deadline for this year's recommendation, but I believe that the selection committee will not ignore the sensational results of the chain reaction. In the letter, he recounted Rutherford's many achievements in chemistry, including the study of elemental metamorphosis and radiochemistry, the discovery of neutrons, nuclear fission, and chain reactions, and the significance of these achievements.

There is no doubt that Rutherford was world-leading in his work, and as long as the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences did not pull the strings as openly as the Royal Karolin Institutet in Sweden, he could have won the 1912 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. - Although elemental metamorphosis, neutrons, nuclear fission and chain reactions are all part of atomic physics in the current academic system, in the first half of the twentieth century they were still part of chemistry. Therefore, Sun Yuanqi can only recommend him as a candidate for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.

Heading north from Shanghai, the speed of the ship was significantly faster than that of the train, and it took two days to reach the final destination, Tianjin Tanggu.

There are still several nautical miles away from Tanggu, and I saw the crowds of people on the wharf, waving flags, and it seems to be more lively than the Xiaguan Wharf a few days ago. Sun Yuanqi glanced at Tang Shaoyi beside him suspiciously, but Tang Shaoyi smiled and said nothing, he instantly understood the root of the matter: Yuan Shikai has been parting ways with Sun Yat-sen in the past few months, and Sun Yuanqi is the object of both parties' efforts. Since Sun Yat-sen greeted Sun Yuanqi in Nanjing with great fanfare, he was not to be outdone, and led his subordinates to run from Beijing to Tianjin Wharf to greet him, what he wanted was to suppress Sun Yat-sen on Corporal Lixian.

Sure enough, when the boat went closer, you could see the big "Yuan" on the dock flag, in addition to "Feng", "Duan", "Xu", "Cao", etc., which have always been Feng Guozhang, Duan Qirui, Xu Shichang, Cao Kun and others. Sun Yuan said in his heart: How can the president of the Republic of China greet him on the dock, even if he didn't come in vain this time to go north!

When the ship docked at the dock, I don't know if Yuan Shikai was proud of his identity or if he was fat and not good at walking, so he didn't catch up on the boat like Sun Yat-sen. Sun Yuanqi and Tang Shaoyi came to the narrow gangway, Tang Shaoyi dared to go first, and hurriedly said: "At this time, Lord Xu doesn't talk about his teeth, or Lord Sun invites first!" ”

Sun Yuanqi said humbly: "In Mencius, it is said: 'There are three Dazun in the world: Jue Yi, Tooth One, and Virtue One. 'Brother Tang has teeth and virtues, and the courtesy should be invited first! ”

Tang Shaoyi said while pushing: "Since the virtuous brother has read "Mencius", he naturally knows that there is a sentence called 'Mo Rujue in the court'. You'd better ask first, don't make Lord Yuan wait for a long time! ”

Seeing that Tang Shaoyi was unwilling, Sun Yuanqi had no choice but to take the first step. As soon as he got off the gangway, Yuan Shikai greeted him warmly, held Sun Yuanqi's hands tightly, and greeted loudly: "Brother Baixi Xian, don't come unharmed?" ”

Sun Yuanqi hurriedly replied: "In the lower body, I am in good health, and I am worried about Lord Lao." It's just that the tired adults are guilty of wind and frost, and they go hundreds of miles to meet at the Tianjin wharf, and they are really ashamed! ”

Yuan Shikai said with a smile: "In order to stop the war and benefit the common people, Baixi went east alone, running north and south, traveling thousands of miles. The old man has only walked one or two hundred miles, what is it? If it weren't for the inconvenient transportation between the north and the south, the old man would have thought of going to Shanghai to meet you in person! ”

Sun Yuan said in his heart: This old thief is really domineering!

After Yuan Shikai greeted Tang Shaoyi, he grabbed Sun Yuanqi: "Come on, Baixi, the old man will introduce you to your colleagues!" This is the Minister of Foreign Affairs, Liang Songsheng (梁Dunyan), who is said to be the senior of the virtuous brother at Yelau College! ……”

After Yuan Shikai introduced the cabinet ministers and the township co-ordinators, he heard him shout: "Evil animal, don't come to see your Uncle Sun Shi!" ”

The voice startled Sun Yuanqi a lot, and he hurriedly looked around, only to see Yuan Keding cowering and squeezing from behind the crowd, approaching with a-like expression, and kneeling on the ground, and said respectfully: "Little nephew Keding, please meet Lord Sun!" ”

ps: A chapter is scrambled, which can be regarded as filling the vacancy last Tuesday. There will be a change later~