"I'm bankrupt and I can't leave the U.S. until I pay off my $23,500 debt."

In a telegram to Sun Yuanqi, Tesla wrote.

Regarding the bankruptcy of the sect leader, Sun Yuanqi had already expected it. Although Tesla is a genius scientist with unparalleled intelligence, his shortcomings are equally obvious.

First of all, he emphasized practice over theory. In actual research, Tesla only comes with interest, lacks rigorous theoretical guidance, and is not systematic and has no depth. Although in the eyes of later generations, he was a pioneer in the study of solar energy systems, radar devices, robots, dead light, lie detectors, atomic bombs, hydrogen bombs, neutron bombs, magnetic bombs, stealth aircraft, electromagnetic radio frequency weapons and other scientific and technological technologies, in fact, he was just an immature idea. This kind of idea, as long as there is a heart, who can't make up a few? It's all about how to do it.

Secondly, he values the individual over the group. As the old saying goes: "Those who give their teeth go to their horns, and those who give their wings have two feet." "Maybe it's because the leader's IQ is too high, which causes his emotional intelligence to be underdeveloped, and he has been in the stage of not graduating from kindergarten, making it difficult to communicate with others. In scientific research, it is true that the painstaking efforts and ingenuity of individuals are needed, but more importantly, the strength of the group is needed. Especially since the beginning of the 20th century, scientific research has become a large-scale project of a group nature, and it is inseparable from the cooperation of the group. Even a bull like Albert Einstein has to stand behind Mileva, Minkowski, Grossman, Besso, Planck and other helpers, not to mention others

Compared with Tesla, Edison, the inventor, is much smarter, he has set up a huge research team, and any immature idea, there will be countless people to help him polish, revise, practice, until he makes samples and applies for patents. Because of this, Tesla looked down on Edison even more, believing him to be a capitalist who talked about it and stole the results of others.

Third, he values self-satisfaction over fame and fortune. For Tesla, the greatest joy is to put into practice his ideas and solve the doubts in his heart. As long as you let yourself understand the mystery, these invention research will be forgotten, and you will not care about how much commercial value these inventions have and whether they should be patented. He didn't want to use these things for fame and profit.

The third shortcoming, in particular, was the root cause of his bankruptcy.

Woden Crevert Tower was originally built because Mr. Morgan saw Tesla's outstanding achievements in radio and hoped that he would continue to work hard in this field and develop more inventions. Who knows, Tesla doesn't care about the ideas of the big financiers at all, except for being a little angry about Marconi snatching his own patent rights, he has never invested any energy in researching wireless communications; Instead, the Sect Master researched how to obtain a steady stream of free electricity from the Earth's ionosphere, hoping to dig into the walls of the big financiers

After Mr. Morgan learned that Tesla was not doing business properly and stopped investing, Tesla quickly fell into financial crisis. This year, some of his important patents also expired, and he lost his financial stability completely, and could no longer support the normal operation of the Wordencliffe Tower, which at this time was not yet completed.

In June and July, Tesla's finances showed signs of collapse, and funders began to panic, desperate to learn from Tesla how they could get their investments and earnings back. However, the Sect Master could not give a satisfactory answer at all, so he probably disdained to answer it. So the funders started working on the idea of the lab. After the investors went to court, the experimental site, including Wordenclifforta, was confiscated by the court and used as collateral. At the time, the newspaper headlines changed from "Tesla's million-dollar building" to "Tesla's million-dollar stupidity".

Tesla saw that his experiment to obtain free electricity could not be completed, and his mind had already begun to turn to the research of electronic computers, and he did not mind whether he was bankrupt or not. It's just that he is riddled with debts and can't set off, which makes him somewhat troubled. In this case, this telegram was sent to Sun Yuanqi.

When he received this telegram, Sun Yuanqi did not feel sorry for the bankruptcy of the sect leader, on the contrary, he was still a little relieved in his heart. It's a little dark, but that's what I really feel in my heart

Although Sun Yuanqi was very ahead of some design concepts of electronic computers and surpassed this era, in the process of actual development, there were countless obstacles, and he, a plagiarist with Chinese resources, was helpless. Now that Tesla has joined, all the problems should no longer be a problem

After receiving the telegram, Sun Yuanqi immediately used the school's deposit to remit $30,000 to Tesla, just hoping that he could leave as soon as possible.

After Sun Yuanqi finished doing this, he was very relieved, and felt that even if he left the capital, some important research work in the school would not be stagnant because of this. In his spare time, he hummed popular songs from later generations in his office and concocted papers in preparation for continuing to confer problems with Western physicists. The title of this paper is "Superconductors and Superconductivity".

When it comes to superconductivity, everyone may be familiar with it, because we often hear this word in science and technology news, and high-temperature superconductivity is now the hottest scientific research direction. However, when superconductivity was first discovered, it was only in the year that it happened.

Known as "Mr. Absolute Zero", Kamerin of Leiden University in the Netherlands? Professor Onnes has devoted his life to low-temperature physics. At that time, the main means of obtaining low temperature was liquefied gas, and the Leiden University Physics Laboratory developed rapidly under the leadership of Onnes, and in 1894 the Leiden University Cryogenic Physics Laboratory was created, and a large liquefied gas plant was established. They liquefied oxygen in 1904, hydrogen two years later, and helium for the first time in 1908, setting a new record for artificial cryogenic temperatures at 4K. Subsequently, a lower temperature of 0 was obtained with liquid helium.

One day in that year, Professor Onnes unexpectedly discovered that when mercury was cooled to 4.2 K, the resistance of mercury would suddenly disappear. Subsequently, he discovered that many metals and alloys had these properties. Because of its special electrical conductivity, Professor Onnes called it a "superconducting state". He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for three years for his outstanding contribution to the study of the properties of matter at low temperatures and the production of liquid helium.

Of course, the basic sign of the emergence of superconductivity is the Meissner effect, in addition to the zero resistance effect discovered by Professor Onnes. This was discovered in 1933 by Meissner and Øsenfeld in the Netherlands. The so-called Meissner effect is that when the metal is in a superconducting state, the magnetic induction intensity in the superconductor is zero, and the magnetic field originally existing in the body is repelled from the superconductor.

Since the discovery of superconductivity, people have almost immediately recognized the potential value of superconducting technology for a wide range of applications, and countries around the world have spent a lot of effort to carry out this work, but the superconducting transition temperature is too low to require expensive liquid helium equipment. In order to make superconducting materials practical, people have begun to explore high-temperature superconductivity.

However, in the absence of effective theoretical guidance, the exploration of high-temperature superconducting materials is extremely arduous, and the exhaustive method can only be used to test each material. Later, it was even known that thousands of substances have superconducting properties, but their transition temperatures are all around the temperature of liquid helium or below 1K, which has no use value at all.

In the 75 years from 1986 to 1986, the superconducting temperature increased from 4.2 K to 23.22 K for mercury. But Professor Onnes was fortunate because the mercury he used to discover the superconducting state was the best high-temperature superconducting material that could be found at the time.

When Sun Yuanqi wrote this paper, he encountered a number of difficult problems, such as the fact that China simply does not have the equipment to make liquid helium. You know, Professor Onnes worked hard to liquefy helium in 1908. Without liquid helium, it would be impossible to discover the superconducting properties of mercury. In view of this, Sun Yuanqi had no choice but to abandon mercury and replace it with another substance: niobium nitride.

Niobium nitride, whose superconducting critical temperature can reach 15K, was discovered in 1941 by German physicist Asselmann. This is also the first superconducting material discovered beyond the liquid helium region, which can be achieved in liquid hydrogen. After more than 20 years of research, British physicist Dewar liquefied hydrogen for the first time as early as 1898. Therefore, as long as Sun Yuanqi guides the laboratory to purchase the corresponding equipment and materials, and with a little experiment, this paper can be freshly baked.

There is enough silver, and liquefied hydrogen and niobium nitride are not difficult to buy. Since the beginning of August, the preparation has begun, and now the paper can be completed.

In order to raise the popularity of the Journal of Private Jingshi University, Sun Yuanqi planned to publish this article in the journal in Chinese and English, and then send it to the physical societies of Britain, France, the United States, Germany, Japan, and other countries, as well as major universities and research institutions, so that they could know that there is also an academic journal in China called the Journal of Private Jingshi University.

I believe that after receiving the journal and reading this "Superconductors and Superconductivity", there will be many scientists who will try to do the following two things: first, subscribe to this journal; Second, the verification test, after success, will be very enthusiastic to devote itself to the test of countless materials.

But these experiments are definitely "energy-intensive": time-consuming, labor-intensive, costly, and productive. In addition to advancing low-temperature physics, it is possible that only a large number of superconducting materials of no value will be discovered. Because Sun Yuanqi believes that it will be difficult to find a better high-temperature superconducting material than niobium nitride for at least the next three decades

When the paper was about to be revised, the office door was suddenly pushed open, and a figure flashed in, and then quickly closed the door. Sun Yuanqi was startled, hurriedly put down his pen, stood up and looked at the person: he was nearly thirty years old, wearing a school uniform, and he seemed to be a little familiar. If you want to say that you are a student of the school, you don't like it, because the older ones in the school were recruited in 1901 and 1902, and they know each other somewhat; Although the newly recruited students are not familiar with themselves, they are all young, and the oldest is only twenty-two or three years old.

Looking at his sneaky appearance, Sun Yuanqi asked solemnly, "Who are you?" What are you doing in the office? ”