In the "Proclamation of the Whole Country," the Federation of Provincial Consultative Bureaus commented that the "Imperial Cabinet" was "called a cabinet, but in fact it is a military aircraft." No pop-up window update fast // Sun Yuanqi is in this expanded version of the "Military Aircraft Department", although he is not the youngest, he is definitely the least qualified.

At the end of 1901, Sun Yuanqi assisted Zhang Baixi, the Minister of Education, in rebuilding the Jingshi University Hall, and was awarded the title of Doctor Guozijian and the deputy director of the Jingshi University Hall, and since then he has stepped into the official career and entered the cabinet as the Minister of Education in May 1911, which has taken a total of ten years. This proud record was praised by Yang Du as "from entering the cabinet in ten years, and the speed of promotion is incomparable".

However, this also scores and who compares. To compare with Zaixun, that is, people have to die more than people, and goods have to be thrown away.

Born in 1885, Jae-hun is the youngest minister in the cabinet today, a full nine years younger than Sun Yuanqi. Don't look at people's young age, but people reincarnate well, as the younger brother of Emperor Guangxu, at the age of two (1887), he was named the eight-point auxiliary prince, and since then he has been all the way up: four years old (1889), Jin auxiliary Guogong;

At the age of five (1890), he was the Duke of Jinzhen;

At the age of seventeen (1902), he was the Lord of Baylor;

Twenty-three years old (1908), with the title of king of the county;

At the age of twenty-four (1909), he served as Minister of the Navy;

At the age of twenty-five (1910), he was appointed Minister of the Admiralty;

At the age of twenty-six (1911), he entered the cabinet.

When people were still breastfeeding, they entered the system. Participate in revolutionary work and enjoy the treatment of deputy department level. At that time, Sun Yuanqi was still growing up in the spring breeze of reform and opening up, but he didn't expect to cross it in the future! When Sun Yuanqi joined the crossing army and came to the end of the Qing Dynasty, the thirteen-year-old doll was the deputy department-level Zhenguo Gong. When Sun Yuanqi began to work hard in officialdom. Zaixun, who has just come of age, has inherited his father's business and has been promoted to the deputy ministerial level. How does this compare? Therefore, every time Sun Yuanqi sees the heroic Zaixun, he will sigh in his heart: reincarnation is a technical job!

As Bian Zhilin said in "Broken Chapters", "You stand on the bridge and look at the scenery, and the people who look at the scenery look at you from upstairs", Sun Yuanqi was a little jealous, and a group of fifty or sixty-year-old bureaucrats were also crazy with jealousy of him: Didn't he just recognize an uncle who was a university scholar?

Since he has shallow qualifications and attracts jealousy, Sun Yuanqi knew that after he entered the cabinet. became more and more low-key, and she was a little quieter than Sister Lin, who had just entered Jiafu, and was ready to honestly do a good job of "picking up the curtain military aircraft" and "raising your hands as a member of the Standing Committee".

At the first cabinet meeting, Sun Yuanqi followed Yang Du's instructions. I deliberately rushed early in the morning, and honestly stood outside waiting for my colleagues to come. After a while, I saw three old men in their fifties and sixties coming together. Before Sun Yuanqi could say hello, one of the slightly younger officials asked loudly, "Is it Master Sun of the school?" ”

"It's Sun." Sun Yuanqi hurriedly bowed and clenched his fists: "First time we meet, please give me a lot of advice!" ”

The man laughed: "Master Sun is too polite! Come, come, come. Let me introduce to you, this is Lord Xu, the assistant cabinet manager, and this is Master Sheng of the Ministry of Posts and Communications, and my person is Liang Dunyan. The word Songsheng is the Minister of Foreign Affairs. ”

After greeting each other. Xu Shichang said pointedly: "Nowadays, state affairs are urgent, and there are many difficulties inside and outside. Our ministers should work together for the sake of the country, and we must not create our own gaps, lest others look down on us! ”

Sun Yuanqi secretly pondered: What does Xu Shichang mean is to want the four Han ministers in the cabinet to unite closely and not be broken by the Manchu imperial family? Or does he see himself as Yuan Shikai's family and secretly ignite himself?

Before Sun Yuan could understand, Xu Shichang entered the conference room proudly, Sheng Xuanhuai followed, but Liang Dunyan was a step behind and asked in a low voice: "Lord Sun, have you heard Tang Jiechen (Tang Guoan) and Zhan Yancheng (Zhan Tianyou) mention Liang?" ”

Sun Yuanqi immediately came to his senses: "Lord Liang also studied at Yale University? ”

Liang Dunyan nodded: "Yes, Liang is one of the first batch of young children to study in the United States, who studied law at Yale University, but he was urgently recalled by the imperial court to return to China before he graduated. If Master Sun doesn't think Liang is abrupt, Liang will call you 'Baixi Junior', and call himself 'senior', how about it? ”

Sun Yuanqi immediately bowed his hand with interest: "Yuanqi has seen the senior!" ”

The two were polite, and Liang Dunyan continued: "Since there is the friendship of classmates, you should be in the same air." In addition to you and me, there are also Tang Jiechen, the right counselor of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Zhan Juncheng, the left senator of the Ministry of Posts and Communications, Zhong Ziyuan (Zhong Wenyao), the general office of the Shanghai-Nanjing Railway Administration, Cai Shutang (Cai Shaoji), the superintendent of Peiyang University, and Xu Jicheng (Xu Zhenpeng), the first staff officer of the Admiralty in Shanghai. ”

"Yuan Qi is waiting for you seniors at any time!" Sun Yuanqi lowered his posture.

In this way, the "Yale Chinese Alumni Association", which was well-known in the political arena of the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, had its initial prototype in the casual conversation between the two cabinet ministers.

Sun Yuanqi soon discovered that since he became the Minister of Education and joined the cabinet, his speech has obviously worked a lot, and the phenomenon of yang and yin disobedience that often occurred in the past has decreased by an order of magnitude. Inspired by this, he threw himself into the school department and carried out a drastic reform of the current educational institutions in accordance with the school system of later generations and the actual situation in the late Qing Dynasty:

On the one hand, the Faculty itself is re-divided into basic education, higher education, vocational education, teacher education, social sciences, science and technology and other departments according to the scope of management;

On the one hand, for the layout of schools across the country, the slogan of "improving the quality of students as a means, meeting social needs as the guide, and improving the discipline system as the goal, focusing on the development of vocational education and science education" is proposed.

Yang Du and Zhang Yuanji were both a little dissatisfied with Sun Yuanqi's actions.

In Yang Du's view, it is because Sun Yuanqi has just entered the cabinet and should keep a low profile, at least not at this stage. Don't you see, next door Japan has a constitutional monarchy, and the prime minister and ministers of the cabinet are changing faster than the iPhone generation! If you're too arrogant, you'll be kicked out of the cabinet one day! In case it annoys the regent Jae-feng, let alone be elected prime minister in the future. It's hard to even re-enter the cabinet!

Liu Tingchen, the former general superintendent of Beijing Normal University, took the initiative to resign when Sun Yuanqi became the secretary of the school, and Zhang Yuanji was replaced. Zhang Yuanji was mainly dissatisfied with Sun Yuanqi's education policy. In his view, the most important thing in China should be universal primary education, so that more children can get rid of ignorance. Even if it's the next best thing. It should also be to develop teacher education and raise the level of education throughout the country. Last but not least, we should also develop higher education to enhance the influence of our people in the world. What is the use of vocational education in "key development" vocational education?

Sun Yuanqi knew that according to the third education statistics table reported by the school department, in 1909 there were 1.63 million students in various provinces, the vast majority of whom were primary and secondary school students. This is a far cry from the goal of enrolling all school-age children in school. However, it is enough to show that the gentry from all over the country have a strong interest in the construction of primary and secondary schools, and there is no need for the state to focus on it. Moreover, with the opening of Huaxing Bank, the funds at the disposal of Jingshi University have become more abundant, and more funds have been allocated to Cai Yuanpei. He was asked to establish a nationwide school affiliated to Jingshi University.

As for teacher education, it has been the direction of development since the change of Gengzi country, and after ten years of hard work, it has achieved remarkable results. Higher education, on the other hand, is not in strong demand at this stage. Studying abroad is a great option.

Only vocational education is the shortcoming of education at this stage.

How good is vocational education, firstly, the students can directly enter the industrial and mining enterprises after graduation, so as to avoid the situation of "unemployment after graduation"; Second, it can solve the bottleneck that the current workers in China's industrial and mining enterprises are not high in technology and restrict the development of industrial and mining enterprises; Third, aspiring students can continue to study in the workplace. Practically solve the problems encountered in the production and life of industrial and mining enterprises, and promote technological progress.

In order to show the importance that the Faculty attaches to vocational education. Sun Yuan got up and set an example first, relying on the Beiping Iron Works. The Mizuki Industrial School was established near Jingshi University, and Shen Fengming, Liu Qingen and others were hired as principals and teachers respectively, specializing in the study of mining, iron smelting and ordnance technology.

Sun Yuanqi is too busy, every time the cabinet meets, he asks for leave if he can, and if he can't ask for leave, he only brings his ears and not his mouth, and comes to Cao Ying with Xu Shu - without saying a word.

During the period of the Wuxu Reform and the Gengzi State Change, Sun Yuanqi wanted to change the trend of history, but unfortunately he was powerless; Now that the Baolu Movement is booming, as a cabinet minister, he is fully capable of changing the direction of history, but he has become a powerful and unintentional person who has watched the Qing government die step by step, and has also seen many dark sides of history in the process.

Now when we talk about the Baolu Movement, we will always say that the Qing government was traitorous and incompetent, cruel and bloody, and slaughtered innocent people, but we don't know that the "revolutionary comrades" also did a lot of dirty things in secret, and some of them even used very inferior methods.

For example, on September 7, in order to avoid the intensification of contradictions, Zhao Erfeng, the governor of Sichuan, placed under house arrest in the yamen the radicals of the Baolu movement, Luo Lun, Deng Xiaoke, Jiang Sancheng, Wang Mingxin, Zhang Lan, and others, in the name of holding a meeting. The leaders of these troublemakers thought that Zhao Erfeng was going to poison them, so they falsely claimed that "Zhao Erfeng has killed all the gentry of the Baolu Movement", and encouraged the citizens of Chengdu to help the old and the young, and went to the yamen to protest and petition with the tablet of Emperor Guangxu and incense in hand.

Like all the "patriotic movements" in later generations, it was inevitable that there would be burning, killing and looting during the period - in Zhao Erfeng's recital, it was written: "Fiercely attacked the Supervision Office, wantonly burned and killed, and slashed several people such as Sentinels." - Are these acts committed by patriots, or are bad people fishing in troubled waters? Is it part of a patriotic act, or is it a criminal act? Is it a traitor or a just move for the government to send troops to stop it? No one can tell. In short, there were violent clashes between government soldiers and protesters and petitioners, resulting in the deaths of 32 people, known as the "Chengdu Bloody Case".

The outcome of the bloodshed was peculiar: at dawn the next day, the yamen confirmed that the arrested people were not dead, and the people dispersed. In other words, the leader of the radical faction of the Baolu movement found that Zhao Erfeng was only under house arrest and had no intention of harming him, so he asked everyone to go back to their respective homes to find their own mothers. As for the rumors that were released before, the chaos caused by the rumors, and the deaths caused by the chaos, they have nothing to do with the revolutionary righteous people. And the 32 people who were shot dead were troublemakers, murderers, or innocent people, no one bothered to find out. History textbooks will only say this:

The executioner of the Qing court, Zhao Erfeng, massacred 32 patriotic citizens of Chengdu.

After the bloody incident, Long Mingjian, a member of the League, quickly went out of the city and sawed the wood into small pieces of wood with a few comrades, which read: "Zhao Erfeng first arrested Pu and Luo Zhugong, and then suppressed all parts of Sichuan, and the comrades quickly saved themselves." Then the wood chips were coated with tung oil and thrown into the river. - Is this like posting anonymously on the Internet and breaking the news on Weibo today? - After the bloody case, as long as Zhao Erfeng is not stupid, the most important thing he should do is to stabilize the situation, not to exterminate all parts of Sichuan. But who would trust the government? People clearly prefer these rumors with a certain danger in them. So the wood chips drifted with the water to various places, and the rebels heard the noise.

In March 1927, Taizu said in the "Report on the Investigation of the Hunan Peasant Movement": "Revolution is not about inviting guests to dinner, not making a fuss, not painting and embroidering, not so elegant, so calm and polite, so gentle and frugal. A revolution is an insurrection, a violent action by a class to overthrow a class. In other words, the revolution is not as brilliant as the textbooks portray, there are lies, deceptions, conspiracies, the dirtiest things in the world, but when the revolution succeeds, these dark sides will be painted with a bright color and cleverly disguised.

The world has been governed by Shu but not governed, and the world has not been chaotic and Shu is in chaos first. Sichuan was in turmoil, and the Qing court hurriedly transferred troops into Sichuan to quell the rebellion.

At the end of the Qing Dynasty, there were two recruits that were the most famous, one was the Beiyang Army trained by Yuan Shikai, and the other was the Huguang New Army under Zhang Zhidong. Naturally, the imperial court will not forget that the focus of this troop transfer is the new army in Wuhan.

Zhang Zhidong served as the governor of Hubei for more than ten years, and his outstanding contributions were not only the development of industry, but also the formation and training of the new army and the promotion of education, the latter two were the hotbeds of the revolution. Originally, the new army, under the leadership of the conservative bureaucracy, still had a certain restraining effect on the revolution. When the new governor of Huguang and the diehard Ruizi led part of the new army to Sichuan to quell the rebellion, the empty three towns of Wuhan immediately became the source of the riots.

On October 10, 1911, the Wuchang Uprising broke out, and the dusk of the Forbidden City finally arrived. (To be continued.) )