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The Governor of Zhili, the Governor of Liangjiang, the Governor of Liangguang, the Governor of Huguang, the Governor of Fujian and Zhejiang, the Governor of Sichuan, the Governor of Shaanxi and Gansu, and the Governor of Yunnan and Guizhou were the eight governors of the Qing Dynasty. 3∴35686688 Of course, in addition, there were four governors of Nanhe, Donghe, and Caoyun, all of which were in charge of special affairs, and they were all abolished later, so they were not included in the "eight governors"; The governor of the three eastern provinces, newly established in the 32nd year of Guangxu (1906), existed for too short a time and had little influence.

Although they are all governors, there are also "féi" thin and heavy, which is directly related to the political status and economic strength of the region under their jurisdiction, and is the same as the provincial party secretary today.

Zhili is located in the important area of Gyeonggi, so the governor of Zhili is called "the head of the Xinjiang ministers", similar to the current secretary of the Beijing Municipal Party Committee.

Liangjiang includes Jiangsu (inclusive), Anhui and Jiangxi, which were the financial lands of the Qing Dynasty, so the governor of Liangjiang is the second most important person, similar to the current secretary of the municipal party committee.

The two Guangzhous include Guangdong, Guangxi, and Hainan, and before Daoguang, this place was like Shenzhen before the reform and opening up, and it was no different from other places, and it could only be regarded as a clear crowd. With the opening of the port, there were many foreign banks, foreign merchants were like clouds, this place quickly prospered, and its important position on the political map began to be highlighted, and soon surpassed Huguang and became the third of the eight governors. Roughly similar to the current secretary of the Guangdong Provincial Party Committee.

Huguang includes the ground of Hunan and Hubei provinces. When Sun Yuanqi first came to the Qing Dynasty, he thought that Huguang included two lakes and two Guangzhou, and he was so surprised that he couldn't do this large area, half of China! The old man glared, "According to what you say, where is the governor of Liangguang in charge?" Only then did Sun Yuanqi's misunderstanding be corrected. Since the Song and Yuan dynasties, there has always been a rumor that "Huguang is ripe, the world is ripe", which also established the third position of the governor of Huguang in the country. However, the rapid development of foreign trade between the two Guangxi provinces has made it a huge challenge. During his tenure, Zhang Zhi fully realized the truth of "no agriculture, no stability, no work, no wealth, no business, no life", in addition to maintaining the original agricultural achievements, vigorously developing heavy industry, and building the Hanyang Iron Works; and use the Yangtze River waterway to promote trade in Hankou. It makes Huguang realize the "rise of central China" and catch up with and surpass the two Guangzhou. At this time, the imperial court became jealous of Yuan Shikai and Zhang Zhi, two Han governors who had a large number of recruits and were more inclined to change the law, and promoted them to the military aircraft department, effectively relieving them of military power. The position of the governor of Huguang began to slide again, and Zhao Erxun and Chen Kuilong faced this situation.

Fujian and Zhejiang, judging from the name, know that it has jurisdiction over Fujian and Zhejiang provinces. During the Qing Dynasty, these two provinces did not have as many private enterprises as they do today, and most of these places were by the mountains, by the sea, and with few fields, they had to farm in normal times, and go up to the mountains to be thieves and go to the sea to be bandits in their spare time. Therefore, the governor of Fujian and Zhejiang is a position that is not hungry or full.

Although Sichuan is known as the "country of abundance", but as a leader, you can't just stare at the plain in the basin, you also have to consider the cunning rebellion in the surrounding mountains. Therefore, the governor of Sichuan and the governor of Fujian and Zhejiang are difficult brothers. Book mí group 2

The land in Shaanxi and Gansu is barren and poor, and the people are fierce, and the people are more than "luàn", and being a governor here is either sitting on a dormant volcano or sitting on an erupting volcano, which is extremely dangerous. But the status is also very important, Kangxi, Yongzheng, Qianlong, Tongzhi and other successive pacification of the northwest rebellion, Shaanxi is the most important support point, Nian Qianyao, Yue Zhongqi, Liu Tongxun, Yang Yu "chūn", Lin Zexu, Zuo Zongtang and other famous figures, have been in this position with both risks and opportunities.

If the position of the governor of Shaanxi and Gansu has not only risks but also opportunities, then the governor of Yunnan and Guizhou only has risks and no opportunities. Wu Sangui rebelled, and the governor of Yunnan and Guizhou, Gan Wenkun and his son, were besieged and "committed suicide"; Yang Longxi of Guizhou started an incident, and Luo Huandian, the governor of Yunnan and Guizhou, fell off a cliff and died in the process of extermination; Yunnan Hui "'luàn'", Yunnan-Guizhou Governor Heng "'chūn'" committed suicide...... Therefore, it has the lowest status, and has always been the last of the governors.

Gan Gege was unhappy for a while, so he replaced Zhao Erxun, the governor of Huguang, who ranked third and fourth in the country, with the governor of Sichuan, who ranked fifth and sixth. Although Sichuan is the base of the Zhao brothers, and there are many colleagues who are old, they are squeezed back like this, and they are somewhat shameless to see Jiangdong's fathers. Zhao Erxun was extremely unhappy in his heart, so he decided to disgust Chen Kuilong before leaving, and his request for Sun Yuanqi was to open up his convenience, and even the school's financial budget was agreed in principle. Anyway, he has this right, even if Chen Kuilong has fire in his heart and looks at the account book, he will only remember this hatred to Sun Yuanqi, who doesn't know how to promote, and has a "máo" money relationship with him Zhao Cishan?

Naturally, the governor does not have the final say on the use of money by the envoy, but also needs to consult with the political envoy and report to the school department. Now that the governor has nodded, does the political envoy Li Minchen dare to say no? The Governor of Huguang and the political envoy of Hubei agreed to it, so how could the school veto?

Despite this, Sun Yuanqi did not dare to be sloppy in the slightest. As the saying goes, it's the dish when it's in the bowl. As long as the money is still in the accounts of the Governor's Palace, Chen Kuilong will be able to turn his face when he comes; Even when this money arrives at the Envoy of the Academy, if Chen Kuilong sacrifices the seal of the sky and wants to go back with a cheeky face, can Sun Yuanqi still disobey the order?

After the 20th day of the first lunar month, Sun Yuanqi was so busy that his feet did not touch the ground

The first is to fill in the gaps in the "mén" and the various schools.

According to the regulations of the Faculty, the superintendents, directors and teachers of the schools below the higher education halls under the province are hired by the envoys of the schools, and are subject to their control and assessment. When the adjustment is justified, why rush now? The fundamental reason is that Qing officials, especially high-ranking officials, were never a single person, but a small group.

Since the Ming and Qing dynasties, with the improvement of farming technology and the promotion of high-yield crops such as sweet potatoes and "yù" rice, China's population has exceeded the traditional threshold, exceeding 100 million for the first time during the Qianlong period, and reaching 400 million in the middle and late Qing Dynasty. The growth of the population base has led to a rise in the number of scholars, but the average number of students admitted each year has not increased significantly, and the number of officials under the traditional structure has not changed much, so a large number of unemployed scholars have appeared.

At the same time, the increase in population has led to a large number of problems in the management of society. In the past, there were only 350,000 people in a county, and at the bottom, clan forces maintained basic social stability; At the top level, a few official civil servants, such as county magistrates, county magistrates, instructors, and county lieutenants, are sufficient to solve problems such as judicial, examination, taxation, finance, and public security. Now that the population of a county has reached three or five hundred thousand, and the clan strength has been weakened, how can it be governed well by relying on a few official officials? Therefore, the magistrate will recruit a large number of unemployed scholars to serve as staff members to deal with these problems. According to relevant statistics, on average, each county magistrate will have a huge staff team of 30 to 40 people. Now some people will shout on the Internet that the ratio of officials and people in the Ming and Qing dynasties is so amazing, in fact, they don't know the importance of clan power at all, let alone know that there are invisible officials like staff!

Moreover, before every scholar becomes an official, the help of the clan and the support of teachers and friends are indispensable. Once he is killed from the thousands of troops and goes to work, he will inevitably feed back to his clan and mentors. Staff, relatives and friends, old and old in the same year...... These people rallied around the officials to form a large interest group. The higher the position of the official, the larger the interest group.

As the governor, Chen Kuilong has even fewer people around him. Now that he has come to Hubei, those people will follow like migratory birds, building nests and grabbing territory in Hubei. Officials such as prefects and prefects have the right to appoint officials in the Ministry of Officials, and the governor and whip are beyond the reach, but in the Ministry of Industry and Commerce, Taxation, Salt Administration, and other oil and water departments, it is still a piece of cake to appoint a few cronies as assistants and councils.

In recent years, the Qing court has carried out official reforms, and the education mouth has also become a fragrant bait, and it is a "local recruitment", that is, the appointment of a student envoy can be made without the approval of the central government, which has a lot of room for "cào"; Second, it is "public participation management", although it is not an official establishment of the imperial court, but you can enjoy the treatment of official formations such as grades and titles, and when the "hún" reaches a certain level, it is not a problem to enter the regular army; Third, it is "vertical management", not to mention the mother-in-law above, and there is also a lot of oil and water. If you don't make it up now, who knows if Chen Kuilong will enthusiastically introduce a few "very suitable" candidates to himself after he comes?

For other envoys, it is not difficult to make up for the shortcomings of the "mén" and various schools, after all, after so many years as an official, there are always some people in the pocket. However, Sun Yuanqi is different, he has only been an official for three or four years, and most of them are still playing "jiāo" with textbooks, and he doesn't know a few people at all. This time in Hubei, several staff members had already served in the "mén" of the government, and the students who followed them were too young to serve as superintendents, hall heads, and provosts except for teaching in the academy. Sun Yuanqi had no choice but to pick a general among the short men, and from among the school teachers and the gentry of Hubei, he selected people with foreign study backgrounds, open-mindedness, and a certain prestige to come out to support the "mén" face.

The second thing is to get rid of the money in hand.

To say, "huā" is much easier to make money than to make money. These days, Sun Yuanqi has simply become a boy who scatters money, and the books, experimental equipment, and school building renovations that were put on hold in various schools in the past due to financial difficulties have all been started as appropriate. In view of the need to study automobiles, the Hubei Technology School was directly changed to the Hubei Higher Industrial School, and more than 10 majors such as vehicle engineering, metal material processing, industrial design, and metallurgical engineering were added in one go. Last year, Sun Yuan died and begged Bai Lai to ask Zhang Zhi to add 10,000 taels of school funds to the school, but this year it is good, from the original 30,000 taels to 100,000 taels!

In addition to adding majors in Hubei Higher Industrial School, Lianghu Normal School and other colleges and universities, Sun Yuanqi also established the "Jiāo" General School, Mining School, Petroleum School, Iron and Steel School, Geology School and so on in just over ten days. In Sun Yuanqi's vision, Jingshi University was a school dedicated to the training of scientists, while the newly established school was similar to the secondary specialized school of later generations, mainly training a large number of skilled workers and junior engineers, and only the best students would enter a higher education or go abroad for further study after graduation.

Naturally, the newly established nearly 20 schools could not be in Wuchang City, Sun Yuanqi took a map and compared it, including the Hubei Higher Industrial School, and all moved to the area of Guanshan, Hongshan, and Luojia Mountain on the shore of Guozheng Lake outside the city. With so many schools being built at the same time, the wages of masonry and masonry in the three towns of Wuhan have doubled!

As for the third, it is to post notices in each school, strictly prohibiting students from participating in various political groups, violators will be punished, and those who do not change three times will be reported by the school to the secretary of the school "mén", and will be severely punished. The so-called "severe punishment" is nothing more than the cancellation of grants, warnings, records, persuasion, expulsion, etc., and there is no sword and sword shadow and blood "ròu" flying sideways. This announcement is mainly for Chen Kuilong, and naturally the thunder is loud and the rain is small.

Entering the second lunar month, Hubei officialdom has undergone a major reshuffle

On the fourth day of the first month of February, the Military Aircraft Department officially issued an edict transferring Zhao Erxun, the governor of Huguang, to the governor of Sichuan, and Chen Kuilong, the governor of Sichuan, to the governor of Huguang.

On 12 February, the Military Aircraft Department issued an order to transfer Yang Wending, the Guizhou envoy, to Hubei, and Chen Kuilin, the Hubei envoy, to Jiangxi.

Chen Kuilin is Chen Kuilong's biological eldest brother, on the 26th of December last year, Liang Dingfen was dismissed due to illness, and the imperial court considered Chen Kuilin, who was then in Jingyi, Hubei Province, to be the envoy. As a result, because of Chen Kuilong's arrival, he had to leave Hubei in a hurry after a month and a half in office. And in this more than 40-day term, there are still 20 days off for the "'chūn'" festival!

There was no governor in Hubei, and there were only four major members, namely, the governor, the political envoy, the envoy to the university, and the envoy to the procuratorate, and it was easier to do it in just a few days, leaving the old old and the young political envoy Li Minchen just after his 70th birthday last year, and the envoy Sun Yuanqi was only in his early thirties.

Sun Yuanqi no longer has any big moves, and just urges the school to pay close attention to infrastructure construction, recruit teachers, and strive to enroll students and run schools as soon as possible.

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