Shilang was the deputy governor of the Sixth Central Department after the Tang Dynasty. In the Ming Dynasty, the Sixth Department had a set of yamen in Beijing and a set of teams in Nanjing. In this way, there are two Shangshu in each department; It's not fun, and I feel that I can't satisfy the ambitions of the world's scholars, so I split the waiter into two and divide it into the left waiter and the right waiter.

In the Qing Dynasty, there was only one institution, but it was necessary to divide the classes between the Manchu and Han dynasties, and if there was a Han Shangshu, there must be a Manchu Shangshu; There are two Han servants, and there must be two full servants. Compared with Daming, the personnel has not decreased at all, and it is almost a change of soup without a change of medicine.

Now it is the end of the Qing Dynasty, similar to the Ministry of Commerce, the Ministry of Patrol Police, and the Ministry of Learning, which have just been established, they can't find suitable people for a while, and their affairs are relatively simple, and there is only one Shangshu and two squires in the ministry. According to convention, the Manchu people are the left squire, and the Han people are the right squires. Even if there is a replacement in the future, it must be ensured that one of the three is full.

Shilang is from the second rank, in today's words, he is a member of the party group and the executive deputy minister, and he is the same minister as the Shangshu from the first rank. Sun Yuanqi was originally just a bachelor from the Hanlin Academy of the Fourth Grade, and he had only been in office for half a year, so it was naturally difficult to directly transfer to the Second Rank, so he added the word "acting" in front. The so-called acting means that when an official becomes vacant or leaves office, another official temporarily takes over the position.

Although the Qing Dynasty was "acting", about half of the new officials would return to their original posts or be reappointed to other positions after they arrived. However, at present, with the achievements of compiling the "Preliminary Draft of the School System" and the "Charter of the King James School", no one in the Qing Dynasty dares to boast that he is more familiar with the business of the new-style school than Sun Yuanqi. Therefore, in the school department, everyone generally believes that Sun Yuanqi will inevitably become a regular in the next year or two, and he will take off the hat of "acting".

At the age of twenty or thirty, he served as a scholar and a squire, and if he was a member of the Manchu clan, everyone would naturally not be surprised. For example, the aforementioned Zai Zhen, who is the same age as Sun Yuanqi, was born in the second year of Guangxu (1876), and he was appointed as the secretary of the Ministry of Commerce in the twenty-ninth year 03. But if it is a Han Chinese, especially in the capital during the peaceful years, there are very few people who become a squire before the age of thirty. In addition, Lang Xiying, the left attendant, has always been sick and crooked, and he may follow the first emperor one day, and the people in the ministry are all respectful to Sun Yuanqi

Sun Yuanqi didn't care much about the right attendant of the Acting Department of Science, but only felt that this position was more useful for him to promote the modern education system, so he did not refuse. After taking office, he quickly divided the content of the school into three parts:

Those that have little to do with education, such as office, personnel, case management, confidentiality, finance, school buildings, and other management departments, are directly thrown to the original officials in the ministry. Those officials couldn't help but be overjoyed when they handed over these oily and greasy subjects to themselves, and they even praised Sun Yuanqi

For example, the nation's education is divided into four categories: basic education, vocational education, higher education, and teacher education, and is handed over to Zhang Yuanji, Luo Zhenyu, Wang Guowei, and others, so that they can participate in the drafting of institutional establishment plans and management regulations together with school teachers and students.

Sun Yuanqi decided to do the most things that have the greatest relationship with education, such as the approval of teaching materials, curriculum design, study tours, science and technology awards, etc. In the eyes of other officials in the school department, including Rong Qing and Xi Ying, these tasks are complicated, boring, without oil and water, and fruitless, and they are absolutely unwilling to do it. Now that Sun Yuanqi is rushing to do it, everyone has to praise Sun Daren a few more words, "Ambition is not easy, things are not evaded".

After revising the paper "Superconductors and Superconductivity" and sending it for printing, Sun Yuanqi led several students from the Department of Education of Jingshi University to devote themselves to this great project. In the busy work, the last days of 1905 were spent in a hurry.

Although Sun Yuanqi did not pay any attention to it, although Rutherford, Planck, Martin and other famous professors nominated Sun Yuanqi to the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, on December 10, 1905, the Swedes still awarded the 5th Nobel Prize in accordance with the course of history. Of the five prizes that were awarded, the winners of physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine were all Germans

It wasn't until one day before the Spring Festival that Sun Yuanqi received a letter from Rutherford that he remembered that there was such a thing at the end of last year. In the letter, Rutherford objectively recounted his thoughts on the three science prize winners:

"German doctor and bacteriologist Robert? Koch, who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for "outstanding contributions to the development of bacteriology". I don't know much about the field to make a proper assessment, but my colleague gave me a rough description of his important research that illustrates the cause of certain diseases by certain bacteria, and he accepted the award with a clear conscience for his pioneering achievements.

"It's Bayer who got the chemist, and you've heard the name when you come to Yanke—"

Seeing this, Sun Yuanqi couldn't help but smile slightly: if it is the 21st century, when "German Bayer" is mentioned in China, it is estimated that many people think of the German Bayer Group, a global pharmaceutical giant and one of the Fortune Global 500 companies; Probably only those who know some scientific knowledge will remember that this is a brilliant chemist who made the world colorful and colorful. It should be noted that the chemist Bayer YER) and Bayer YER), in addition to the fact that they are both German, Chinese translations, there is no half-dime relationship.

It is impossible not to mention Bayer without mentioning his teachers and his apprentices, because this is the most legendary story in the history of science: his teacher, Kekule, who discovered the structure of the benzene ring in a dream, and whose name became almost a household name with this story. His student Fisher, on the other hand, won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1902, and Fisher's student Warburg, three years before Bayer, won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1931. Warburg's student, Kréchis, won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1953

Rutherford's letter reads, "This brilliant chemist was the first to discover the properties and molecular structures of the three basic dyes of modern times, indigo, sky blue, and crimson, and the various organic dyes and fragrances he studied and synthesized enabled the women of the world to dress up more beautifully and beautifully than ever before." In this respect, he deserves this award. It's just that his achievements are more application-oriented, and if you look at it in the long run, there is no doubt that your theory is more important

This year's Physics Prize is a bit less impressive, as it was awarded to Renard of the University of Kiel in Germany for his work on cathode rays. The jury held that Lerner's 1898 book "On the Electrostatic Properties of Cathode Rays" was the first to conclude that cathode rays were composed of negatively charged particles, and therefore had priority in this discovery. In fact? Yankee's "Experimental Studies of Uranium, Polonium, and Radium Radiation Rays" and "Experiments and Conjectures on the Structure of Atoms" were also published in 1898. Moreover, your essay will be more informative and your arguments will be more accurate and reliable. It is clear that the eyes of the jury are blinded by the country, race and colour, and that what they are doing will only disgrace what should have been a glorious award......"

Sun Yuanqi had heard the name Lerner and knew that he was an experimental physicist on a par with Tom Sun and Rutherford. He is even more famous for his opposition to Einstein's special theory of relativity and his work as an adviser to Hitler in physics

As for the question of the Nobel Prize, Sun Yuanqi smiled at it. Famous scientists such as Mendeleev, Meitner, Avery Avery, Bonaire, and Wu Chien-shiung did not win the Nobel Prize, while Okuguanhai, who waged several wars in a row, was able to win the Peace Prize.

In his reply to Rutherford, Sun Yuanqi answered the questions he and Martin had encountered in the experiment, and attached his paper on superconductivity to show that he was not idle despite not being able to work in the Americas. In addition, Sun Yuanqi hopes that he will come to work at Jingshi University at the right time. Because I have a vague impression that this great experimental physicist of the twentieth century will return to England in the next few years to become head of the physics department at the University of Manchester.

Obviously, when Sun Yuanqi sent the paper "Superconductors and Superconductivity" to various countries, he just wanted to add to the confusion of those physicists and save them from thinking nonsense, but he did not expect the sensational effect of this paper at all.

The second industry around the twentieth century** was marked by the widespread use of electricity. However, in the process of application, it is found that there will be a large loss of power during transmission, and it is difficult to avoid even if ultra-high voltage transmission is used. Seeing this paper, scientists will naturally think: can we find a superconductor at room temperature, so that the loss can be minimized, or even zero loss in theory, and those big chaebols see the superconductivity phenomenon in the laboratory, and they are also excited, and they have to sprinkle more silver on scientists, hoping to find this material as soon as possible.

Let's not talk about others, let's just say that the head of the sect who just arrived at Jingshi University after the Spring Festival was shaken when he saw this paper, and said to Sun Yuanqi more than once: "Yanke, I think we can study superconductors by the way when we are studying electronic computers."

Sun Yuanqi knew that the sect leader was still obsessed with the magnificent free electricity business, but he also knew that the study of superconductors was a bottomless pit, so he repeatedly rejected his unreliable idea: "Mr. Tesla, I think it is not suitable to use two minds before the development of electronic computers"

In this way, Tesla threw himself into the electronics laboratory, so that the research of electronic computers entered the fast lane.