The territory of the early kingdom of Da Viet was "bordered by China to the north, roughly the same as the border between Vietnam and China today, and bordered Cham on the south by Hengshan (in present-day Yijing Province)." Pen, fun, pavilion www. biquge。 The western and northwestern regions of the country are the homeland of various tribes such as Tu, Dai and Miao. They still maintained their independence, paying tribute only occasionally to the Li Dynasty." Its territory is roughly the Red River Delta, the birthplace of "Cochin" under the rule of Chinese dynasties, and is only 1/4 of the territory of modern Vietnam.

Representing the interests of feudal aristocrats, bureaucrats, and large landowners, the Great Yue State had a period of 1,000 years of northern China, with developed politics, economy, and culture, and a relative advantage in national strength. The ruler regarded himself as "Hua" and regarded his neighbors outside China as "Yi".

At the same time, he used the words similar to that of the Chinese monarch "under the orders of heaven, dying of the middle summer, at home and abroad, and not surrendering", actively used troops abroad, "changed the summer into a razor", and passed down from generation to generation, constantly waging wars of aggression against neighboring countries in the west, northwest, and south directions, and expanding territory.

The striking feature of the expansion of the Great Viet Kingdom is that it was the result of a mixture of official planning and spontaneous consciousness of the people. In order to maintain the long border line that they were constantly advancing, the Vietnamese adopted the method of military cantonment, recruited landless displaced people to reclaim the famine, and gave the poor people at the bottom who had no place to stand in the past a way out.

And Vietnam chose the history of the Li Dynasty, which is also the history of continuous expansion outward.

The Ly Dynasty was a feudal state in the history of Vietnam that enriched the country and strengthened the army, attaching importance to agriculture, reorganizing armaments, implementing conscription, compiling laws, and establishing a solid foundation for independence.

The emperors of the Li Dynasty did not forget to "conquer and occupy", or sent troops to "conquer", or "drove the imperial expedition".

In the winter and December of 1020, Li Gongyun "ordered the Heavenly King Foma to attack and occupy the city", and hit straight from Buzheng Village to Longbi Mountain.

In 1044, Li Taizong drove his own expedition, invaded the city in the south, "beheaded 30,000 ranks", "beheaded the lord in battle", "captured 5,000 people alive, and obtained more than 30 elephants. The corpses of the occupants were killed by the officials and soldiers, and the corpses piled up in the wilderness", "then entered the Buddha Oath City (the capital of the city) and captured the lord's wife, concubine and palace maid", and escorted the dragon back.

In 1069, Li Shengzong personally conquered the city, with Li Changjie as the vanguard, captured the royal capital of Zhancheng, forced Zhancheng to cede the northern territories of Li, Buzheng and Maling, and expanded the territory of Vietnam southward to the northern areas of present-day Quang Binh and Quang Tri.

In the northwest of the country of Da Viet, the Tuojiang River valley is inhabited by an independent tribe called Niu Roar Man in Vietnam.

The people of the Niuyao area were unwilling to be ruled by Vietnam, Li Taizong Li Foma began to "crusade" against the Niuyao country, and constantly plundered people, cattle, horses, elephants and brought back dragons, in 1119 AD, Li Renzong "captured hundreds of people such as Wei Peng, the head of the cave...... And also.

When the others arrived in Vietnam, they encountered two groups of people facing each other.

He led the men to the shore safely and watched the group of soldiers attack each other.

It didn't take long for the southern side to be clearly at a disadvantage, and the people in front of them fought against the opponent and retreated one after another.

Suddenly, at this moment, a group of cavalry rushed out from the northwest and slashed at the fleeing soldiers to the south.

As always, he smiled and immediately ordered to gather the soldiers of the water to support the group of soldiers in distress.

His actions also shocked the group of people in the north, these people from the sea turned out to be supporters from the south, so there was nothing to say, and after a brief moment of surprise, they immediately divided their forces to kill them as always.

The Lou ship and the King-class transport ship are all A-class marines, and they have also made great achievements in suppressing bandits in various inland places.

Cleaning up the mess couldn't be easier for them, especially when combined with the gap in equipment.

The group of soldiers from the north were knocked to the ground one after another.

Suddenly, the leading general's mouth opened wide, and his small eyes rolled straight away, looking at the general in the south as always.

Not long after, he said a few words, and then the flag was waved, and a large number of soldiers followed him to the north.

When all of them couldn't see it, the previous southern general brought people to the same front as always, and said to him gratefully: "Thank you for the rescue, I am the system, I don't know where the general came from?" ”

"System!" As always, he looked at the somewhat down-and-out general in front of him, and said with a smile: "We are officers and soldiers of the Han Dynasty, and we came to Zhancheng to visit the king of Zhancheng. ”

"Han Army!" The system is a little surprised, isn't the Han Dynasty also having many internal troubles now? He had heard about the Yellow Turban Uprising, and he was naturally skeptical of this sudden appearance of the Han officers and soldiers, but after all, they had saved themselves just now, so he asked tentatively: "Visiting our king, I don't know why the general came?" ”

As always, he glanced at him and said, "I don't know what the status of the system general is in the imperial court?" ”

"Huh." The system immediately laughed dryly, looked at him and said, "I can't handle the matter of receiving the general, I'll take you to our ceremonial officer!" ”

"Huh." As always, he naturally knew the worries in his heart, his own combat power was too strong, and he was worried that he would suddenly make a move and kidnap the nobles of the city, then he would not be able to protect it.

After thinking about it, he explained to him as always: "These soldiers are coming by boat, I will let them return to the ship later, and I will go to visit the king of Champa with my guards and gifts!" ”

"Eun, that's very good." The system immediately agreed, and after letting the adjutant clean up the battlefield, he led him back to Indra Bura (the capital of Champ, near Da Nang).

In fact, meeting the king of Champa was an idea that he had come up with on the spot, as always.

Because considering the history of Champa and the possible intersection of Shuishui County and Vietnam in the future, as always, he made this decision that would determine the situation in Indochina in the future, and of course, this is also something that everyone expected.

In the heart of Vietnam's coastline lies Hue, the capital of Vietnam's last feudal dynasty, the Nguyen Dynasty (1802-1945), and home to the Forbidden City, a miniature version of the Forbidden City in Beijing.

Not far from the former capital is another port that was famous in the Vietnam War, Da Nang.

Hue and Da Nang today are undisputed Vietnamese territories, but this has not been the case since ancient times.

Historically, in the south-central part of Vietnam, there was an ancient kingdom that no longer exists, called Champa Bula. Among them, "Buluo" is the meaning of "city" in Sanskrit, so it is also called "Zhancheng" in Chinese historical books.

Champa is a coastal state with a long history on the Indochina Peninsula, which appeared as early as about 192 (during the reign of Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty).

In the early days of the founding of the Champa country, Chinese history books called it "Linyi", and after the Northern and Southern Dynasties, it was renamed "Champa", but in the inscriptions found in archaeology, "Champa" is its only self-title.

At its maximum, Champa stretched from the Heng Son Mountains in present-day northern Vietnam along the central coast to Phan Thiet in the south, bordering Cambodia (Phunan/Chenla/Khmer), a distance of nearly 1,000 km.

Unlike Cochin (northern Vietnam), which was heavily influenced by Chinese culture, Champa was strongly influenced by Indian culture after independence, and was known as the "Hindu Kingdom".

On the political front, Hinduism deified kingship and formed state institutions and rules and regulations according to the Indian model.

On the social front, the introduction of Indian culture led to the formation of Brahmin and Kshatriya castes in the upper classes of the Cham state, modeled after the caste system of India.

In terms of religion, Hinduism is prevalent, temples are built and Hindu gods are worshipped, and Lord Shiva has a prominent position.

It is precisely because of the influence of Indian culture that the people of Champa no longer eat beef in their daily lives, and widows no longer marry, and the old customs of noble women and cheap men have changed with the arrival of Indian culture.

Economically, due to the narrow territory of Champa and the fragmentation of the Changshan Mountains by the east-west rivers, the lack of conditions for large-scale agricultural development forced the Champa people to exploit their rich mineral and forest resources and strengthen coastal trade and other maritime activities (including fishing and piracy) to ensure their economic income, and local products such as camphor, sandalwood, sugar, lead and tin became the main export commodities of Champa.

At that time, the maritime trade of Champa was very active, and Zhou Qufei of the Song Dynasty pointed out in the book "Lingwai Dai Answer" that Champa was one of the "capitals" of the southwestern countries of the "overseas countries".

Arab and other merchant ships that had close trade relations with the Song Dynasty often stayed in Champa when they came (and Islam was also introduced to Champ, and at the end of the 9th century, there was already a settlement of Muslim merchants in the south of Champong), and then set out from Champa and took the sea route to reach Guangzhou in half a month.

The prosperity of the city's trade also promoted economic and cultural exchanges between Champa and China. Although the agriculture of the Champa is not developed, the rice cultivated by the Champa people is "longer than that of the Chinese, the ears are longer and the grain is smaller, and the land is not chosen".

About the end of the Tang Dynasty and the beginning of the Song Dynasty, "Zhancheng rice" was introduced into Fujian planting, and then this crop was highly valued by the supreme ruler of the Song Dynasty, Dazhong Xiangfu four years (1011) Song Zhenzong "to the Jianghuai and Zhejiang slightly drought, that is, the paddy field is not on the board, send an envoy to Fujian to take 30,000 Zhancheng rice, distributed to the three road species, choose the people to worship the high admirer, cover the dry rice."

Under the emperor's personal promotion, the large-scale promotion of the adaptable and drought-tolerant Champa rice turned the "hilly" Jiangxi into a granary, which had a profound impact on the development of China's agriculture in the future.

As an important ancient country on the Indochina Peninsula, Champa and Cochin in the north have embarked on different civilizations from the beginning, and the Indianization of Cham and the sinicization of Cochin are also distinctive, and the two heterogeneous civilizations have maintained a struggle to the death in the long historical years.

In the early days of independence, the "Da Viet" country was separated by the Song Dynasty in the north, the sea in the east, and the Mekong River and the Truong Son Mountains in the west.

As early as 982 AD, Li Huan, who usurped the throne of the Ding Dynasty, foiled the military intervention of the Song Dynasty and led a large army to attack under the pretext of occupying the city and attacking the border.

The Vietnamese army destroyed the capital of Champa Indra Bhara (near Da Nang), forcing Champa to move its capital to Phhu Si (present-day Quy Nhon in south-central Vietnam) in 1000.

From 1021 to 1069 AD, the three generations of emperors of the Li dynasty waged five wars against the city, and all appointed the heir to the throne, the emperor's eldest son, to lead the army to direct the war.

Among them, Li Taizong used the excuse of "not cultivating tribute for 16 years" to occupy the city, and sent troops to break through the Buddha in 1044 and occupy the king of the city;

In 1069, Li Shengzong captured the king of Zhancheng, captured 50,000 people, and forced Zhancheng to cede land and call him a tribute......

It is no wonder that some people think that "a history of Vietnam is really a history of Vietnam's occupation and conflict."

In 1075, Champa made temporary peace with the Li dynasty. At about the same time, a Champa army sacked the southern city of Chenla (Cambodia), triggering a long war with the latter.

This was not so much a diplomatic short-sightedness as it was the onset of a stubborn internal system in Champa – its political system was far from being as complete as the centralization of the Da Viet Kingdom, and its king's authority was limited to his own estuary plains, and he could only gain the respect and political recognition of his subjects by plundering from place to place.

Unable to attack the Li dynasty in the north, it was only natural that the two countries would fight desperately (until the thirteenth century), and the northern kingdom of Da Viet stood aside and watched the development of events with satisfaction. When the war ended with both defeats, the Yue people, who had been waiting for their work, came to collect the profits of the fishermen.

In the thirteenth century, the Dayue Kingdom experienced a change of dynasty and a Mongol and Yuan invasion. After Kublai Khan's death in 1294, the Yuan dynasty stopped using troops against Annam.

As soon as the Chen Dynasty got rid of the predicament of taking care of itself, he immediately became ambitious, and the spearhead was directed at the city.

In 1306, Chen Yingzong married his sister Princess Xuanzhen to the king of Champa in exchange for a dowry in the two states of Uri (present-day Hue);

Less than a year after the death of Ji Min, the Chen dynasty sent people to recapture the princess so that the Champa princess would not be cremated according to Hindu customs. So Zhancheng did not want to fulfill the contract to cede the land, which is said to be understandable, but the Chen Dynasty actually used this as an excuse to raise troops to seize the two states, and even marched into the army to capture the king of Zhan.

After that, the city of Cham suddenly returned to the light, and under the rule of the greatest king, the Cham army "gradually changed the old customs, brave and endured", as if in a no-man's land.

In 1371, he captured Thang Long from the sea and plundered his children.

In 1377, Chen Ruizong drove his own expedition, and as a result, the 120,000-strong army was annihilated.

But history just played a joke with the city, just when the Chen Dynasty watched the offensive of the Peng'e Dynasty was broken and helpless, due to the rebel general's informant, the Peng'e was killed in the naval battle in 1390, and the rulers of the Chen Dynasty celebrated it, "The Peng'e is dead, and the overall situation is safe"!

Indeed, his successor lacked the military talent he had, and the occupation army was reduced to the point of "brittle cowardice" of the army, and soon had to give up all the gains of conquest.

By this time, the balance of power between the two sides had been completely reversed, and the Cham was gradually declining due to its loose political structure.

In 1400, his cousin Hu Jichen usurped Chen Zili, established the Hu Dynasty, and changed the name of the country to "Dayu".

Two years later, the Hu Dynasty seized the arable land in the north of the city, and set up four roads: Sheng, Hua, Si and Yi.

Just when the Hu Dynasty was trying to conquer the city completely, the Ming army defeated the Hu Dynasty and temporarily saved the precarious fate of the city.