Both Hua Feng and Yun Meng found that there were many smaller impact craters on the surface of Enceladus, but none of them could match the Herschel crater. Although Enceladus has been subjected to heavy bombardment, the process of forming a pit is not the same. Most of its surface is covered with craters over 40 km in diameter, while in the Antarctic region, there are very few craters over 20 km in diameter. This suggests that some kind of geological activity has removed the larger impact craters in these areas, or that something or mechanism has prevented a larger star from bombarding the Antarctic region.

Scientists at Enceladus have identified two main geological formations: impact craters and canyons.

In practical terms, Enceladus worked together to clean up the material in the Cassini ring gap between Saturn's two widest rings, the A and B rings. The orbits of the particles on the inner edge of Cassini's annular slit resonate with Enceladus' orbit at a ratio of 2:1, that is, the particles have completed two revolutions, and Enceladus has completed exactly one revolution. During this time, Enceladus constantly exerts a pull force on the particles of Cassini annular fissure from the same direction, forcing these particles into a new orbit in the outer layer of the annular fissure.

Enceladus also maintains orbital resonance relationships with other structures, such as a 3:1 orbital resonance relationship with the boundary between C and B rings, and a 3:2 orbital resonance relationship with Enceladus. Recently, it was found that Enceladus also maintains a 7:6 co-rotation centrifugal resonance relationship with the G-ring, which is located 15,000 kilometers inside Enceladus's orbit.

Cassini has photographed Enceladus from medium distance several times, most recently on August 1, 2005, at a distance of 63,000 kilometers. Cassini's follow-up mission included several non-directional approaches to Enceladus. The two with better observation conditions were on October 24, 2008 and October 14, 2009. The closest observation will take place on February 13, 2010, at a distance of only 9,500 kilometers.

In some ways, Enceladus bears a striking resemblance to the Death Star in Star Wars IV: A New Hope, which is hundreds of kilometers in diameter. It's just a pure coincidence, as the film was released three years before the first close-up photo of Enceladus was sent back to Earth. In the novel The Red Dwarf, Enceladus is where David Lester lived before he acquired the Red Dwarf. Enceladus is home to the federal emergency rescue station in Star Trek.

Scientists say that due to the influence of light and gravity, the Cassini probe sent back photos of Saturn's nearest moon, Titanus, show that Enceladus has some blue streaks on the outside, giving people an icy feeling, especially when viewed from the north of Saturn. These colors are formed by the reflection of the halo that surrounds Enceladus, and when the night of Enceladus comes, these brilliant colors disappear without a trace.

Previously, Cassini's photos of Enceladus were taken from the southern hemisphere of Saturn, and the hues of the photos were warm brown and gold, but this time the photos taken from the northern part of Saturn are completely different, the deep blue hue allows us to see the other side of Enceladus, and also gives us a new understanding of its atmospheric composition. Scientists say the main reason for this phenomenon is that the blue light used in the last shot was blocked by Enceladus's atmosphere.

The area shown in this blue image of Enceladus is about 398 kilometers (247 miles) from the field. The heaviest blue on the far right of the photo is due to excessive light sensitivity. We can also see in the photo that there are some dark areas between the circles of blue light, which are covered by Enceladus's B ring, which is the one with the highest density of air.

In the solar system, Saturn is the second largest planet after Jupiter, more than 100 times the volume of the Earth, and its huge gravitational field can reach 13 million kilometers away, while the Earth's gravitational range is only 930,000 kilometers. Because of this, the Earth has only one moon, the Moon, while Saturn has many large and small moons revolving around it, forming a fairly large Saturn system, and its number of moons is second only to Jupiter. Enceladus and Enceladus were inaugurated in 1789 by the famous British astronomer F. W. Herschel found that the diameters were 340 km and 500 km, respectively.

Although Cassini, a spacecraft specializing in the study of Saturn, only began orbiting Saturn on July 1, 2004, it has already achieved gratifying results and made great contributions in discovering Saturn's new moons, revealing the life history of "Titan," solving the mystery of "Titan's" "yin and yang faces," probing the structure of Saturn's rings, and photographing Saturn's new radiation belts.

The presence of a large and ancient impact crater on Enceladus indicates that the object had previously had a shocking collision, and this huge depression known as Herschel Crater reached a diameter of 80 miles, while Enceladus spanned only 247 miles.

Enceladus (E

Celadus) is Saturn's sixth largest moon and the brightest moon in the solar system. It was discovered by William Herschel in 1789. Before Voyager explored Saturn in the 1980s, Enceladus was only known as an ice-covered moon. Voyager shows that Enceladus is about 500 kilometers in diameter (about one-tenth the diameter of Saturn's largest moon, Titan), and its surface reflects almost 100 percent of the sun's rays.

Voyager 1 found that Enceladus' orbit was in the densest part of Saturn's E rings, suggesting a possible connection, while Voyager 2 found that, despite its small size, the moon had both ancient impact crater formations on its surface and relatively young, distorted terrain caused by geological activity, some of which were only 100 million years old.

To explore Enceladus, NASA launched the Cassini spacecraft at the end of the twentieth century and arrived near Saturn at the beginning of the twenty-first century, providing a wealth of data for scientific research. Exploration has shown that Enceladus is one of the three stars in the outer solar system that have been observed to date with geological eruptions (the other two being Europa and Triton).

Enceladus is also considered an important object of astrobiology because of the liquid water below the surface of the star, and strange chemical components have also been found in the ejected plumes. In March 2015, the University of Tokyo and the Japan Agency for Marine Exploration (JAXA), together with international teams from Europe and the United States, discovered the presence of hot water on Enceladus. This is the first time that humans have discovered an environment in the solar system that exists outside of Earth for life.

On April 14, 2017, at 2 a.m. Beijing time, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) held a press conference at the James Webb Auditorium at its headquarters in Washington, D.C., announcing that Enceladus has all the elements needed for life, and that Europa, which is in a similar situation, has the same potential.

On August 28, 1789, William Herschel discovered Enceladus for the first time when he used his 1.2-meter telescope (the largest telescope in the world at the time), but in 1787, Herschel had already observed the satellite through his 16.5-centimeter telescope, but it was not confirmed at the time. Due to Enceladus's poor apparent magnitude (up to 11.7 magnitude) and its proximity to the much brighter Saturn and its rings, the moon is difficult to observe from Earth, and can only be observed through telescopes with a lens diameter of 15-30 centimeters, depending on the local atmospheric conditions and the level of light pollution at the time.

As one of the many Saturnian moons discovered before the space age, the best time to observe Enceladus is during the torus traverse, when only a thin line can be observed on Earth when the tangent of Saturn's rings perpendicular to the Earth's orbital point can be observed on Earth, and the brightness of Saturn's rings is greatly reduced, so it is the best time to observe Enceladus.

It wasn't until the implementation of the Voyager program that observations of Enceladus improved dramatically, and scientists had only available information about the satellite's orbital characteristics and a rough estimate of its mass, density, and albedo.

Two Voyager spacecraft obtained close-ups of the first set of Enceladus, with Voyager 1 being the first man-made vehicle to pass by Enceladus, which passed 202,000 kilometers from Enceladus on November 11, 1980. Despite the low resolution of the imagery obtained at this distance, it still shows that Enceladus has a surface with high albedo and a lack of impact craters, suggesting that the surface of the satellite is of a low geological age.

Voyager 1 also confirmed that Enceladus's orbit happens to be densely populated by Saturn's E rings, and combined with Enceladus' young surface analysis, scientists involved in the Voyager spacecraft project believe that the E ring is composed of particles ejected from the surface of Enceladus. Voyager 2 flew 87,010 kilometers from Enceladus on August 26, 1981, and obtained clearer images of the satellite, which showed many of the characteristics of the moon's young surface and the geologic ages of the moon's different regions.

In the middle and high latitudes of the northern hemisphere of the satellite, there are a large number of impact craters, while in areas close to the equator, the distribution of impact craters is relatively small. This diversity of geomorphological features contrasts sharply with the geologically old Enceladus with numerous impact craters, which is slightly smaller than Enceladus.

The discovery of this young landscape caused a stir in the scientific community – there was no theory at the time as to why such a small object (which was already in a cooling state compared to the violent Io) was still geologically active. However, Voyager 2's observations do not prove that Enceladus is still geologically active at this stage, nor does it confirm whether the satellite is the source of E-ring material.

These mysteries were not solved until July 1, 2004, when the Cassini spacecraft entered orbit around Saturn. Based on the Voyager 2 observations, Enceladus became a priority observation target for the Cassini spacecraft program. Cassini's several purposeful flyby over a range of 1,500 km and numerous non-purposeful flyby over a range of 100,000 km provide a wealth of observations.

Cassini made four close flybys, yielding significant information about Enceladus' surface and discovering water vapor and complex hydrocarbon ejections in the moon's Antarctic region, which prompted Cassini to change its trajectory and fly Enceladus even closer, including a close encounter in March 2008. During this encounter, Cassini surveyed Enceladus with an accuracy of less than 52 kilometers.

Cassini's follow-up missions between 2008 and 2010 included seven close flyby of Enceladus, including two flyby of nearly 50 kilometers in the second half of 2008.