The ancients said: Those who win the Central Plains win the world, this is true. Pen @ fun @ pavilion wWw. ｂｉｑUｇE。 ｉｎｆｏ

The Central Plains is in the heart of Kyushu, standing in the sky. The terrain is high in the west and low in the east, and the mountains are dangerous, and the snobbery is convenient. According to the steepness of Mangdang in the east, the Qinling Mountains in the west, the winding Dabie in the south, the majestic Taihang in the north, the towering Songyue, standing in the neutral, the mighty and surging Yellow River traversing the period. Famous mountains and rivers reflect each other; The plains are fertile, and the people are rich.

Moreover, since ancient times, the world has been unified from north to south. Few Northern Expeditions have succeeded, take Bashu as an example.

It is difficult to go to Shu and it is difficult to go to the sky. For Shudi, the danger of mountains is undoubtedly a natural barrier. But there is relativity! No one else can attack it, but you can't kill it either!

In one sentence to describe Shudi: "The world is in chaos, victory over heaven, the world is unified, death row".

The world is in chaos and occupies the land of Shu. You can develop your own economy, expand your own army, and aim for the world.

But the world is going to be unified, so Shudi is definitely a death row, because you can't fight it yourself. Moreover, the steep mountains and mountains are not suitable for large-scale operations. You can't fight on a large scale, others can't hurt you, and you can't hurt others.

There is only a stalemate between the two armies, but your rear will definitely be dragged to death. In the end, you have no soldiers, no financial resources, and no people's will, and you can only surrender.

Zhuge Liang went out of Qishan and went on a northern expedition to the Central Plains. Even if there are a few small victories, as long as the situation is slightly unfavorable. You can only go back and defend according to the natural danger. Zhuge Liang took the Northern Expedition to the Central Plains and won how much land, but if there was a slight mistake in the war, he could only retreat.

Jiang Wei's ninth expedition to the Central Plains also ended in failure. The same is true for Jiangdong, once the Central Plains is pacified, there will be only a stalemate between the two sides.

However, as the core of Kyushu, the Central Plains is located in the Yellow River Basin, with flat terrain and an important grain production base in ancient times. And it is densely populated and wealth is concentrated. War is all about logistics. A huge wealth base coupled with an ample number of soldiers. As long as it's not too vegetable, at least it can be invincible.

The northerners are good at fighting, and of course they send troops from the north first. The samurai in the north and the literati in the south have been trained in the north since ancient times. It is okay to understand it this way, but like Sun Wu, he trained troops in the south. It's just that the north is relatively more important.

In the past 2,000 years in China, wars have been like the sand of the Ganges, but only two people succeeded in the Northern Expedition, Zhu Yuanzhang and Jiang Zhongzheng.

And a large reason for the success of these two people is that the Central Plains coincided with the invasion of foreign enemies at this time, and they released the blood and passion of the oppressed people with the slogan of expelling the Tartars and recovering the Central Plains. In addition, the rule of foreign enemies is brutal and unpopular. Again, as an intruder, this unrighteous soldier. However, it was only through the arduous war that it was successful.

No matter how conceited Qi Lin is, he doesn't think that he can be comparable to Zhuge Liang in the later period.

For a long time, many people questioned Zhuge Liang's Northern Expedition strategy, and the most concentrated discussion was why Wei Yan's "Meridian Valley Strategy" was not adopted, and even many people speculated that if Zhuge Liang was willing to listen to this plan, history would change. In fact, it is difficult to test Zhuge Liang's mentality at that time in modern times.

However, looking at Zhuge Liang's five northern expeditions, it can be vaguely seen that perhaps Zhuge Liang did not go out of the Meridian Valley with a surprise army, but waved the army to Qishan, which is just an inevitable choice caused by reality.

At that time, Zhuge Liang had two choices in the strategic direction of the war against Wei: one was to go out of Qishan, take the Qinchuan Avenue, and take Longyou (Yongzhou, Liangzhou), and the other was to attack Chang'an with strange troops out of the Meridian Valley and take Guanzhong.

Wei Yan, the general of Shu, advocated attacking Chang'an to take Guanzhong (the plan of the Meridian Valley), while Zhuge Liang advocated going out of Qishan to take Longyou. Why didn't Zhuge Liang choose Guanzhong and Longxi?

The opinion of Wei Yan and some people in later generations is that Zhuge Liang is too conservative and does not dare to make dangerous moves. In fact, the real situation is not what the world thinks!

First: national strength

1. The Shu Han state is weak. The soldiers and civilians are only one-tenth of Cao Wei's, and it is impossible to have the conditions to eat Guanzhong in one bite, even if Chang'an is conquered in the first battle, as an important western barrier of Luoyang, the capital of Cao Wei, Cao Wei will fight for it with the troops of the country.

2. And the land of the Guanzhong Plain, there is no danger to defend, it will inevitably form a tug-of-war, the disparity between the forces of the two sides is abnormal, and the Shu army has few soldiers, so it must not be Cao Wei's opponent.

3. The grain transportation of the Shu army is far away and difficult to resist. If Chang'an is held and the Wei army cuts off the Xiegu Road and other places, then there will be problems with the logistics supply of the Shu Han army, not to mention the confrontation with the elite cavalry of Cao Wei with a mere Shu Han infantry on the Guanzhong Plain.

Second: topography

1. Longyou is the place where the shape is victorious, bordering Shu Han in the south by the Qinling Mountains, the Hexi Corridor in the west, the Yellow River in the north, and Longshan in the east. In particular, Longshan, south of Weishui, north of the Yellow River, stretching for hundreds of miles, will be Longyou and Guanzhong cut off, is a natural barrier to resist Cao Wei's counterattack.

Because Longyou has this geographical advantage, after taking advantage of the weakness to conquer, you can send troops to defend the passes of Longshan and block Cao Wei's attack, so that the west of Longshan can be broken.

Regarding the danger of Longshan, it has been fully verified in the war of the Eastern Han Dynasty to pacify the hustle and bustle of the country. In 30 A.D., the Eastern Han Dynasty army tens of thousands went to Long, Kui Huan Department Wang Yuansai cut off the Longdao, held Longdi, the Han army feinted and withdrew to Guanzhong, and then Kui Huan actually resisted the Eastern Han Dynasty army for four years with the land of Long's right projectile.

Therefore, Longyou is the primary strategic goal of the Northern Expedition, and Zhuge Liang has been focusing on this goal in his five troop uses.

2. Longyou is rich in horses. Occupying the right side of Longyi can obtain horses, organize and train cavalry, so that the flexibility and mobility of the Shu army on the battlefield will be greatly improved, and there will be no danger of troops. Moreover, most of the horses of Cao Wei's cavalry are obtained from Longyou (a few are obtained from Youzhou and Bingzhou), once the Shu army occupies Longyou, then the number of Cao Wei's cavalry will be greatly reduced!

3. The terrain of Longyou is flat, suitable for large-scale tuntian grain collection! After the Shu army occupies Longyou, there is no need to transport food from Shu to the mountains and rivers! It can greatly save manpower, material and financial resources.

Third: variables

There are too many variables for the surprise soldiers to attack Chang'an.

1: You can't send a lot of soldiers and horses, because there are too many people and they will be discovered by the Wei State. But there must be no fewer people to be sent, because Chang'an is a great city.

2. Chang'an is the center of the western barrier of Cao Wei, and its importance is self-evident. Moreover, Chang'an is too close to Luoyang. Luoyang is also the capital of Cao Wei, and there must be many guards and horses in the city.

If the army sent by Zhuge Liang could not capture Chang'an for a while, then once Cao Wei sent two reinforcements, he would go all the way to Chang'an to relieve the siege, and all the way to the Meridian Valley to cut off the retreat of the Shu army. Then the plan to go out of the Meridian Valley is equivalent to sending it to death!

3. Wei Yan said: Xiahou Mao will abandon the city and flee. This is not very credible! Chang'an City is a big city, a big city in the Cao Wei Dynasty after the capital Luoyang!

How can there be no virtuous talents in Chang'an City, let's not talk about how high the ability of virtuous talents is, but at least there are always talents who can keep Chang'an for a month and a half!

With the high status, importance, population, and strong defense of Chang'an, even if Xiahou Mao is as stupid as a pig, he will never abandon the city and flee, because it is very simple, if you don't defend it, you will definitely die.

And Xiahou Mao must know that Chang'an is very close to Luoyang. As long as you hold on and don't fight, waiting for reinforcements will inevitably win.

Zhuge Liang's choice to take Longyou first is indeed a correct method, because the first Northern Expedition has basically occupied most of the cities in Longyou, if Ma Tan guards the street pavilion.

Then the rest of the cities on the right side of Longyou can't resist the Shu army at all. As long as you capture Yixian again, you can directly capture Chang'an! Then Zhuge Liang's Northern Expedition can be said to have been won!

As for the later Northern Expeditions, why didn't they send troops to Meridian Valley to attack Chang'an.

The reason is simpler, because since the first Northern Expedition, Cao Wei has felt that Sun Wu looks powerful but is actually "a tiger without minions", as long as he sends a general to guard Shouchun, he can firmly suppress Sun Wu in the south of the Yangtze River, and Cao Wei's land north of the Yangtze River does not have to worry at all

(As it turned out, this strategy was exactly right!) From its establishment to its demise, the Sun-Wu regime never occupied the land north of the Yangtze River).

On the contrary, Cao Wei originally thought that the weak Shu State (after the Battle of Yiling, the Shu State had few soldiers and generals, and the national strength was greatly damaged) but gave Cao Wei a heavy punch, if it wasn't for Ma Tan's incompetence, he almost let Zhuge Liang occupy Chang'an!

This punch woke up Cao Wei's Manchu civil and military forces, and from then on, Cao Wei's key defense object changed from the original Sun Wu to Shu Han!

At the dangerous pass between Wei and Shu, Cao Wei strengthened his defense and sent generals to guard it (when Zhuge Liang was on his second Northern Expedition, he was resisted by Hao Zhao, the general of Chen Cang), and of course, the Meridian Valley, which could directly attack Chang'an, was also guarded. ）

PS: New books for recommendation! Click! Ask for a review! Writing alone alone is really congested!