Professor Su said: "Speaking of the Mo family, I have to introduce the Mo family, the basic ideas of this Mo family mainly have the following ten points. The fat man said, "Needless to say, you are an expert and you can't talk a lot like Bob." “

Professor Su coughed twice, cough cough, there are still 86 Mohist works recorded in the Eastern Han Dynasty in the "Hanshu-Yiwen Zhi": 71 articles of "Mozi" - 3 articles of Mo Zhai and "Hu Feizi" - 6 articles of "Sui Chaozi" of Mo Zhai - 1 article of "My Son" - 3 articles of "Tian Yuzi" - 2 articles of "Yin Yi of the first Han Dynasty" - written by a Zhou Dynasty official in the Cheng and Kang periods.

After the Six Dynasties, Mohist writings were gradually lost, and only 53 Mozi pieces remained in modern times, which were preserved because they were included in the Taoist work Daozang.

Chinese civilization has a long history, and in the mythological era before the Xia and Shang Dynasty, the earliest saints and five emperors were born, as well as great primitive scientists such as Cangjie who made characters and Shennong who tasted a hundred herbs, and the mythical mechanism and its inventor also appeared at this moment. Around the 27th century B.C., Chinese civilization, which was still in its infancy, did not yet have a unified culture and beliefs.

It is said that the compass car invented by the Yellow Emperor was quite advanced: unlike the compass, which uses the geomagnetic effect, it uses a gear transmission system, and according to the rotation of the wheels, the wooden figure on the car indicates the direction. Of course, it would have been more convenient if the invention had been miniaturized, but we couldn't ask for too much under the conditions of the time. In any case, we have found the origin of the mythical trick, and we are honored that its inventor is actually the direct ancestor of the Chinese nation, the Yellow Emperor himself. From the guide car, we can see that the mechanism in ancient history is actually a mythologized and may have been exaggerated ancient mechanical technology (in fact, the guide car is verified to have been invented by Ma Jun during the Three Kingdoms period). The birth of the mythical guide car heralds the great wisdom and scientific achievements of the Chinese civilization that was born just 5,000 years ago, and it is the dawn of Chinese mechanics.

As I mentioned earlier, mechanical technology is actually mechanical technology. The earliest definition of machinery can be found in the Zhuangzi; A story in the outer chapter: Confucius took a group of disciples to the south, and when Confucius's disciple Zigong walked to the south of the Han River, there was an old man who was watering the vegetable garden. He opened a tunnel and went down to the well, and then carried out the water in a clay pot to water the vegetables, which was laborious and slow. Zigong introduced to him the water-taking machinery "orange tree" and its structure, and said that it can "soak a hundred furrows a day", which is very efficient. At this time, Zigong gave a definition of machinery: "an instrument that can make people work hard but achieve a lot of work". If the age in which Zigong lived is any guide, it is the fifth century B.C.

But from the record of the book "Zhuangzi", it seems that Zigong's kindness has not been rewarded, and he was ridiculed by the old man who takes water, "Han Yin Zhangren", the old man changed color and said: "Those who have machinery must have things, those who have organic things must have ideas, and those who have machines in the chest are pure white and unprepared, and if they are not prepared, they will not be able to be born with God, and those who are not perfect will not wear it." I don't know what you're talking about, and I'm ashamed to do it. This strange talk of the Han Yin Zhangren made Zigong speechless, depressed and unhappy, and walked for a long time before he came to his senses. Later, he consulted his teacher on this matter, and Confucius said very objectively: "The Han Yin Zhangren knows one but does not know the other, and treats the inside but not the outside", that is to say, the old man who takes water has a subjective and one-sided problem.

This record not only left the earliest definition of machinery for later generations, but also a typical example of conservatives opposing, denounced, and criticized innovators and inventors in the history of science and technology, which is a very important historical material. Throughout ancient Chinese history, the natural science achievements of Chinese civilization have been obscured by the Baguwen for thousands of years. Confucian culture and feudal etiquette emphasized conservatism and stability, so skilled craftsmen were not respected by society, and their status was far lower than that of the peasant class, and even on the same level as prostitutes. Despite this, there was still a brief flash in the long history, which was in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period in the alternating stages of slave society and feudal society......

The terracotta warriors and horses unearthed in the seventies of the last century shook the whole world, and were listed as one of the eight wonders of the world, and that was only some minor burial goods on the periphery of the imperial tomb. According to the "Historical Records", in the underground palace, "the palace is full of strange artifacts and strange weapons." With mercury as a hundred rivers and seas, the machine phase is instilled. "There is no imperial tomb in the history of mankind that can compare with the treasure of the Mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang, and the Mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang is also the largest unknown in the history of world archaeology." Countless archaeologists have said so.

And for more than 2,200 years, there have been uninterrupted records of the countless treasures hidden in its underground palace. To this day, the Qin Emperor's Mausoleum has never been revealed to the world, and even its size, scope and structure are unknown. "Historical Records: Qin Shi Huang Benji" records that because of the fear that the craftsmen who participated in the construction of the tomb would reveal the mysteries of the underground palace, "all the craftsmen are hidden, and there is no return"; In order to prevent future generations from stealing and excavating, he also "ordered the craftsman to make a crossbow in the tomb, and those who were close to him were shot". Judging from the fact that the Qin Emperor's Mausoleum can be preserved to this day, the mechanism technique has also played a certain role.

I said, "The once famous kings and knights can only enjoy a sarcophagus in the end, except for a little gold and silver with them, no matter how skilled the tomb robbers can find more oil and water, naturally they do not need special protection of mechanical arts, neither in reality nor in the game can arouse people's interest in adventure." This reminds me of the dialogue between Guo Jing and Genghis Khan in "The Legend of the Condor Heroes": No matter how great a hero is, he can only occupy two feet of land after death, even if the whole world becomes a pasture for the Mongols, what is the use? Come to think of it, it's true, the magnificent mausoleums built have no effect on attracting more tomb robbers. Or Leader Mao said it well: "The dung was the marquis of ten thousand households back then!" ”

Professor Su said: "The ancient records of the mechanism are such as. “

1. The crossbow cart is seen in "Mozi Bei Gao Lin". The crossbow cart is a large mechanical device that can be released at the same time on the city wall with 60 large crossbow arrows and countless small crossbow arrows, which needs to be driven by ten people, and the most ingenious is that the tail of the crossbow arrow with a length of ten feet is tied with a rope, and it can be quickly rolled up and withdrawn with a roller after shooting.

2: Transmitter "Mozi? According to the Cave Preparation, this kind of crossbow is mounted on a crossbow bed and buried in the ground (or on the city butterfly), "six feet long", and can be fired in a circle.

3: Cloud Ladder "Mozi? "Gong Losing" records that the ladder is transformed into a cloud ladder that can stand in the air and is used to attack the city

4: Wooden carriage and horse According to Wang Chong's record in "On Balance": The famous carpenter master of Lu State made a wooden carriage and horse for his old mother's skillful workman, and "the mechanism is available, and it is not returned." ”

5: Wooden Kite "Mozi? Lu Wen mentioned that the male loser cut the bamboo and wood and thought that it was a magpie, and it would not fall for three days. He also built a large wooden kite that could carry people, and served as a reconnaissance mission in the war. "The Old Things of Zhu Palace" records that "taste it as a wooden kite, and multiply it to peek at Song City."

7: The Wooden Armor Yanshi is the most amazing mechanical engineer in ancient legends, and he once dedicated a puppet to King Zhou Mu that is even better than modern robots. Seen in "Liezi Tang Wen". The puppet moves forward, backward, leaning forward, and backward like a real person, and when it moves its chin, it can sing with a graceful voice, and when it moves its arms, it will swing and dance. “

I said, "Well, these are all places that prove that the institutions of the ancient people were developed, and if the ancient dynasties had the support of the emperors and friendly exchanges with other countries, then the world's science and technology would have changed dramatically, and it is possible that the current China will take the place of the United States." ”

The Mo family and the public loser are the representatives of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, they often fight with each other than whose organ is better, the public loser's organ is mainly attacked, and the Mohist organ is also mainly defended, there is an ancient text recorded, the descendants think that the Mojia organ is higher, but in the end, it is better to know whether the Mohist organ is better or the public loser organ is better. “

I said, "I didn't expect that the ancient tomb of Bashu actually invited people from the Mo family." “

Professor Su said: "Only the disciples of the Mo family came, and the giants of the Mo family or other capable people did not come. “

I said, "It can be seen that the Mo family's mechanism skills are superb and spread thousands of miles, and Bashu has come to find it." “

Bob said: "Why, it's just that the disciples of the Mo family came over, why didn't the leader of the Mo family, the giant come, besides, how can you tell that the giant didn't come." ”

Professor Su coughed again: "Ahem, this, the Mo family is a master of mechanical arts, and the giant is even more mysterious, and Bashu can't invite him anyway." ”

Bob said, "The king came to invite him, and he didn't come?" ”

Professor Su said: "He can find a disciple to pretend to be him, and the disciple must be competent." Bob had nothing to say.

Frank stumbled excitedly: "The public loses, the public loses, I think the public loser's mechanism is more powerful." “

"It's hard to say," Bob said, "that some of their inventions have been passed down to posterity, while others have long since been lost." “

Professor Su said: "Well, the only documentary record is also a passing one, and there is no detailed record of the whole picture of the mechanism and its working principle. “

After listening to this, Alice said: "Well, not only China, but all countries in the world have lost technology, which is unavoidable. “

I nodded: "Well, in the long river of history, human beings are just a drop in the ocean, and history will eventually erase its gorgeous chapters." “