The astrophysicist's voice echoed in Hua Feng's mind, although he seemed to know a lot of things, it was almost far from the actual situation.

According to foreign media reports, dark matter is one of the most elusive components of the universe, and scientists are trying to find the latest evidence to match the mathematical model of space. However, so far humans have not been able to directly see or detect its traces, and physicists believe that mysterious matter fills a large number of empty areas of the universe, and that such materials as planets and stars make up this "thing". But adding small amounts of dark matter to supermassive black holes creates one of the strangest objects in the universe — wormholes, according to a new study. Wormholes are fictional fiction that theorists describe as a tunnel through time and space that connects two distant planes in the universe.

Dr. Konstantinos Dimopoulos, a physicist at Lancaster University, said that in the center of some galaxies, dense distribution of gas and dust is very bright around a supermassive black hole, emitting extremely strong light and heat, and a powerful magnetic field ejects from the black hole, affecting the properties of dark matter. Due to the agitation of the burning galactic nucleus, Dr. Dimopoulos says that the axons will be affected, especially for a type of dark matter. These particles of antimatter are thought to exist throughout the universe, weakly interacting with each other and contributing to the formation of galactic structures – like an invisible mist that fills galaxies.

Dr. Dimopoulos said that when concentrated in the agitated center of the galaxy, a strong vortex magnetic field will cause it to have a strange effect, effectively switching to a state of negative energy. When this dark matter appears around a supermassive black hole at the center of a galaxy, three elements – the supermassive black hole, the spiral magnetic field, and the axonal dark matter – can combine to form wormholes. Dr. Dimopoulos said the presence of negative-density matter and strong magnetic fields can force the appearance of wormholes in the center of "active galactic nuclei". But physicists add that switching supermassive black holes to stable wormholes could have a profound impact on how galaxies form around them and how they interact.

Wormholes, unlike black holes, can theoretically be one-way or two-way, both of which can cause matter to erupt from one region of the universe to another. Because of the singularity of supermassive black holes, wormholes can be a point at which the universe bends infinitely. Due to the negative density of antimatter, it will cause the axions to be "transformed" by the magnetic field, having a huge impact on the surrounding galaxies. Dr. Dimopoulos said that if dark matter is axonal, it can be seen that advanced civilizations can generate artificial spiral magnetic fields, which have corresponding properties to change the properties of local dark matter, and perhaps can produce wormholes. This could be a way to achieve interstellar travel or time travel.

Exploring the starry sky is an eternal dream of mankind. On a clear night, whenever we look up, we see a sky full of stars. Since ancient times, the starry sky has aroused countless human imaginations with its incomparable vastness, depth, beauty and mystery. The famous American science fiction TV series Star Trek has this short but meaningful inscription: Space, the final frontier When I first watched the TV series, this inscription pronounced in a magnetic voice-over left a mesmerizing impression on me.

In ancient times, humans explored the stars with the naked eye, and later with telescopes, but the first step towards the stars came in 1957, when the first spacecraft finally flew out of the atmosphere of our blue planet. Twelve years later, humans left their footprints on the moon.

Three years later, humanity launched the Pioneer 10 deep space probe into the outer solar system. In 1983, Pioneer 10 flew out of the orbit of Neptune, becoming the first spacecraft launched by mankind to fly out of the solar system.

In just over 20 years since the launch of the first spacecraft, Tsiolkovsky's prediction that "mankind will first carefully pass through the atmosphere and then conquer the entire space around the sun" has become a reality. However, this pace is still too slow compared to the endless starry sky. Pioneer X, the first to fly out of the solar system, is now gliding through a cold space, in a sky full of stars, how many years will it take for it to fly to the next star? The answer is two million years! It will be 68 light-years away in the constellation Taurus.

Sixty-eight light-years away is enormous for any scale on Earth, but it is undoubtedly insignificant for the center of the Milky Way at 30,000 light-years away, the Andromeda Nebula at 2.2 million light-years away, the Virgo galaxy cluster at 60 million light-years away, and other celestial bodies that are far away. Human curiosity knows no bounds, but even if the speed of human spacecraft is many times faster, even close to the upper limit of physical speed - the speed of light, measured by the distance of interstellar space, it is still extremely slow.

So, is there a way for a spacecraft to somehow break through the speed limit in disguise, so that it can cross those nearly infinite distances in a very short time? Science fiction writers are the first to spread the wings of imagination.

In 1985, Carl Sagan, a well-known planetary astronomer at Cornell University in the United States, wrote a science fiction novel called Contact. Sagan has a keen interest in exploring intelligent beings beyond Earth, and one of his guest appearances as a science fiction writer is to raise funds for the SETI program to find extraterrestrial intelligent beings, and his novel was later made into a movie, which earned him widespread popularity.

Sagan tells a moving story in his novel: a female scientist named Ellie receives a string of radio signals from intelligent beings on an alien planet. After research, she discovered that the signal contained a method for building a special device that would allow humans to meet the sender of the signal.

But what exactly does the device that Elle and her colleagues build according to the methods provided by intelligent beings on alien planets use to allow travelers to cross distant interstellar space? This is where Sagan needs to be bold and "fantastical". His original idea was to exploit black holes. But Sagan was no ordinary science fiction writer after all, and his scientific background led him to want his science fiction novels to be as uncontradictory as possible to the known laws of physics.

So he made a phone call to his old friend, Professor Kip S. Thorne of the California Institute of Technology. Thorne, an expert on gravitational theory, asked Sagan to give him a technical assessment of his idea. Thorne, after some reflection and rough calculations, quickly told Sagan that black holes could not be used as a tool for interstellar travel, and he suggested that Sagan use the concept of wormholes. As far as I know, this was the first time the term wormhole was used in science fiction, and since then, it has been used in science fiction novels, movies, and television series, and wormholes have become the standard term in science fiction stories, the fruit of a little exchange between science fiction writers and physicists.

Sagan's exchange with Thorne not only brought a whole new term to science fiction, but also opened up a new field of study in physics. In physics, the concept of wormholes was first proposed by C. W. Misner and J. A. Wheeler in 1957, exactly the same year that mankind launched the first spacecraft. So what exactly is a wormhole, and why is it considered a tool for interstellar travel by science fiction writers?

Let's use a simple example: you know, you need to walk an arc from one point to another on the surface of an apple, but if a worm borers make a wormhole between these two points, you can walk a straight line between the two points through the wormhole, which is obviously closer than the original arc. Extending this analogy from the surface of a two-dimensional apple to a three-dimensional physical space is what physicists call wormholes, and the fact that wormholes can form a shortcut path between two points is why science fiction writers love wormholes.

As long as there are suitable wormholes, no matter how far away, they can become close at hand, and interstellar travelers will no longer be constrained by the distance of space.

In some science fiction stories, the highly technologically advanced civilization uses wormholes for interstellar travel, just as we use highways to travel between towns today. In the famous American science fiction movie and TV series "Stargate", human beings use a device called "Stargate" left on Earth by an alien civilization to establish a wormhole connection with the "Stargate" on many other distant planets, so that people and devices can be sent to those distant planets almost instantaneously. The wormhole has become a paradise for interstellar travelers in science fiction stories.

However, the wormholes proposed by Misner and Wheeler are extremely small and will disappear in a very short period of time, making them impossible to use as a gateway for interstellar travel. After Sagan's novel was published, Thorne became interested in wormholes, and he and his student Mike Morris began to study wormholes in depth. Unlike Misner and Wheeler, Thorne is interested in wormholes that can serve as interstellar travel portals, known as traversable wormholes.

I don't know when such a time travel will be able to shine into reality, Hua Feng and Yun Meng have similar thoughts.