The time immersed in learning always flies, which Hua Feng has experienced vividly in these days. Sometimes, with the help of the spiritual power in the Yan Emperor's decisive space, many dreamlike galaxies and demonstrations also appeared directly in his mind. In the days that followed, he learned more about the structure of the Milky Way, maps of the Milky Way, and basic observations.

Observing companion stars:

Scientists used NASA's far-ultraviolet spectrometer exploration satellite to detect the first Eta Ca

i

AE). Ita Karugina is the heaviest and most exotic star in the Milky Way, located 7,500 light-years from Earth on the contellation Tehary, and can be clearly seen with the naked eye in the Southern Hemisphere. Scientists believe that Ita Serina is an unstable star that is rapidly declining.

Strange Stars:

The journal Nature reported that American astronomers have discovered a strange galaxy with three stars in the HD188753 galaxy in the constellation Cygnus, 149 light-years from Earth, and three suns can be seen in the sky on the planets within this galaxy.

Birth of Life:

NASA's research team looking for evidence of the existence of life beyond Earth has found that some of the organic chemicals that play a crucial role in the chemical reactions of actual life are ubiquitous in the vast universe beyond our planet.

By analyzing galaxy clusters, astronomers at the Sloan Digital Sky Observation Program determined that dark energy is driving the expansion of the universe.

According to the British newspaper The Guardian, confirming that the universe is expanding is the most significant scientific breakthrough of the year. Nearly 73% of the universe is made up of mysterious dark energy, which is an anti-gravity force.

In the American journal "Science" published on the 19th, the discovery of dark energy was rated as the most significant scientific breakthrough of the year. Through telescopes, humans have discovered nearly 200 billion galaxies in the universe, and each galaxy has about 200 billion planets. But all of this adds up to only 4% of the entire universe.

On the basis of new space exploration, and through careful study of 1 million galaxies, astronomers have at least partially figured it out. About 23% of the matter in the universe is "dark matter".

No one knows exactly what they are, because they cannot be detected, but their mass is vastly greater than the sum of the visible universe. And nearly 73% of the universe is the latest discovery of dark energy. This strange force seems to be accelerating the expansion of the universe. Sir Martin Reese, a British astronomer, called the discovery "the most important discovery".

The discovery was the result of the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Detector (WMAP) and the Sloan Digital Observatory (SDSS) orbiting the globe. It solves long-standing debates about the age of the universe, the rate of expansion, the composition of the universe, and a host of other questions. Astronomers now believe that the age of the universe is 13.8 billion years.

Astronomers have drawn the most realistic map of the Milky Way, and the latest map shows that the spiral arms of the Milky Way are very different from previous observations, and the original four main spiral arms of the Milky Way are now only two main spiral arms, and the other two spiral arms are in an unformed state.

The study, which maps the evolutionary structure of the Milky Way, was presented this week at the 212th meeting of the American Astronomical Association in St. Louis, Missouri, USA.

On the 3rd, Robert Benjamin of Wisconsin State University Whitewater gave a brief introduction to reporters about the study. He pointed out that the Milky Way actually has only two smaller spiral arms, which does not match previous astronomers' predictions.

In a barred spiral galaxy like the Milky Way, the main helical arm contains a high density of stars, capable of giving birth to a large number of new stars, clearly connected to the long stellar band at the center of the galaxy. In contrast, the high gas density of the unformed spiral arm is not strong enough to form stars.

Scientists have long believed that the Milky Way has four main spiral arms, but the latest maps show that the Milky Way is actually made up of two main spiral arms and two unshaped spiral arms. "If you're looking at the formation of the Milky Way, it's important for the main helical arm to connect the star belts," Benjamin said. The same is true for the Andromeda Galaxy, which is closest to the Milky Way. ”

Mapping the Milky Way is an unusual challenge, and for scientists it is like a small fish trying to explore the entire Pacific Ocean.

In particular, dust and gas often obscure our view of the structure of galaxies. It is reported that this latest map of the Milky Way is mainly based on the observation data collected by the infrared camera of the Spitzer Space Telescope. John Gallagher, an expert on galaxy evolution at Wisconsin-Madison, said, "With infrared wavelengths, you can actually see through the dust the true structure of our galaxy. ”

Currently, the Spitzer space telescope presents high-resolution images that allow astronomers to observe how massive stars evolve and how the structure of the universe is shaped.

On September 14, 2016, the European Space Agency (ESA) released a three-dimensional map of the Milky Way with the help of the Gaia space probe, showing the positions and brightness of 1.14 billion stars. This is the most accurate map of the Milky Way ever made. [11]

Observation characteristics:

The Milky Way is most visible in the Northern Hemisphere during the summer months (in Scorpio, Sagittarius and even Cassiopeia) and in the winter (in Orion and Canis Major).

Scientists have discovered that the Milky Way has gone through a long process. After the invention of the telescope, Galileo first used a telescope to observe the Milky Way and found that the Milky Way was composed of stars, and then T. Wright, I. Kant, J. H. Lambert and others believed that the Milky Way and all the stars could be combined into a huge star system.

In 1750, the British astronomer Wright

ight Thomas) argues that the Milky Way is flat. In 1755, Immanuel Kant and Lambe

t Joha

hei

ICH) proposed that a huge celestial system is formed between stars and the Milky Way. In 1785, British astronomer William Herschel drew the flattened shape of the Milky Way and believed that the solar system was located at the center of the Milky Way.

In 1918, the American astronomer Shapley (Ha

low Shapley, after 4 years of observations, proposed that the solar system should be located at the edge of the Milky Way. In 1926, the Swedish astronomer Lidbrad

dblad Be

til) analyzed that the Milky Way is also rotating.

In the late 18th century, F.W. Herschel began stellar counting observations with a homemade reflecting telescope to determine the structure and size of the star system, asserting that the star system was in the shape of a flat disk and that the Sun was not far from the center of the disk.

After his death, his son, J.F. Herschel, continued his father's work and continued his in-depth research, expanding the work of star counting to the southern heavens.

At the beginning of the 20th century, astronomers called the star system with the Milky Way as an apparent phenomenon the Milky Way. J.C. Captan used the method of statistical parallax to determine the average distance of stars, combined with star counting, to obtain a model of the Milky Way.

In this model, the Sun is in the center, and the Milky Way is disk-shaped, 8,000 parsecs in diameter and 2,000 parsecs thick. H. Shapley used the circumferential relationship of Cepheid variable stars to determine the distance of globular clusters, and studied the structure and size of the Milky Way from the distribution of globular clusters. The model he proposed was that the Milky Way was a lenticular star system with the Sun not at its center.

Shapley calculates that the Milky Way is 80 kiloparsecs in diameter and the Sun is 20 kiloparsecs from the galactic center, which is too large because Shapley does not take into account interstellar extinction when calculating distances.

In the 20s of the 20th century, after the discovery of the rotation of the Milky Way, Shapley's model of the Milky Way was recognized. The Milky Way is a giant barred spiral galaxy (a type of spiral galaxy) of the Sb type, with a total of 4 spiral arms. Contains 120 billion stars. The Milky Way as a whole rotates poorly, with a rotation speed of about 220 km/s at the Sun, and the Sun orbits around the galactic center for about 250 million years.

The Milky Way has a visual absolute magnitude of -20.5, and the total mass of the Milky Way is about 1.4 trillion times the mass of our Sun, roughly 10 times the mass of all the stars in the Milky Way combined.

This is strong evidence of the presence of dark matter in our galaxy that extends far beyond the bright stellar disk. Regarding the age of the Milky Way, the prevailing view is that the Milky Way was born shortly after the Big Bang, and the age of our Milky Way is about 12.5 billion years old, with an error of more than 500 million years each. The scientific community believes that the Big Bang occurred about 13.8 billion years ago.

In 2014, scientists released the latest observations that the Milky Way is only half the mass of the constellation Andromeda. The findings come from an international team of researchers, including Carnegie Mellon University cosmologist Matthew Walker, whose research paper was published in the monthly journal of the Royal Astronomical Society.

According to the paper, the team used a completely new method to measure the mass of galaxies that is more accurate than previous measurements.

In March 2015, scientists used the Sloan Digital Sky Survey to analyze the brightness and distance of stars at the edge of the Milky Way, and found that the edge of the Milky Way was corrugated and there were stars in the grooves.

In fact, these stellar regions are also part of the Milky Way, and the actual Milky Way is 50% larger than previously thought. This made Hua Feng very surprised, and in the full days of each day, time flew by slowly.

In the blink of an eye, it was already August of 2119, Hua Feng and they had been studying at the Dawning Academy for more than a year, although it seemed that they were entering the realm quickly, everything added up still seemed to be not enough to deal with the unknown threats in the future, but fortunately, they had been moving forward and had never given up.