The National Basketball Association (NBA) was officially named on August 3, 1949, and its predecessor was the Basketball Association of American (BAA), which was founded on June 6, 1946. The NBA has a history of more than 50 years, and it has achieved remarkable results and is well-known around the world.

The NBA is a league of professional basketball teams in the United States, and the rules of the NBA formulated by it are necessarily different from the FIBA rules set by the International Amateur Basketball Federation. In addition to the various indispensable and effective rules of the FIBA rules, the NBA rules also have their own distinct territoriality, commerciality, and characteristics that guarantee and promote wonderful performances.

The following is an introduction to the important parts of the NBA rules (focusing on the parts that are different from the FIBA rules) for the reader's reference.

(1) General rules of the competition

1. Course specifications

The dimensions of the NBA court are 94 feet (28.65 meters) long and 50 feet (15.24 meters) wide. The course is measured from the inside edge of the boundary line and is 2 feet (5.08 centimeters) wide.

Rectangular penalty areas are marked at both ends of the court, measuring 19 feet (5.79 m) long and 16 feet (4.88 m) wide.

Three-point shooting lines are marked at each end of the court, which are drawn by drawing two lines parallel to the sideline, each 3 feet (0.91 m) from the baseline, and intersecting an arc centered on the center of the basket and with a radius of 23 feet 9 inches (7.24 m). The radius of the WNBA's arc is 19 feet 9 inches (6.02 meters).

The radius of the circle is 6 feet (1.83 meters). The radius of the inner circle is 2 feet (0.61 m) and a median line runs through it.

There are also four marker lines 2 inches (5.08 cm) wide perpendicular to the sideline, each 28 feet (8.53 m) from the baseline and extending 3 feet (0.91 m) into the field. (Location and neutral areas and some short marker lines are omitted.) ）

2. Game time

Each game is divided into two and a half hours for a total of 4 quarters of 12 minutes each. Extra time is 5 minutes.

Take a 130-second break between the first and second, third and fourth quarters. Take a 15-minute break between halves. Take a 100-second break between the 4th quarter and overtime and between any overtime.

During the last minute of the first, second, and third quarters, the game clock shall be stopped after a successful shot. During the fourth quarter and the last two minutes of overtime, the game clock shall be stopped after a successful shot.

3. Team

During the competition, each team shall consist of 5 players, and the number of players on the field shall not be less than 5.

If a player commits a sixth offensive foul and the team no longer has an eligible substitute, the player shall remain on the court and shall register one offensive foul and a team foul; A technical foul will also be awarded to the team. All subsequent offensive fouls (including offensive fouls) shall be dealt with in the same way.

If there are only 5 qualified players and one of them is injured and must be removed or ejected, he shall be replaced by the last player who has been disqualified for 6 offensive fouls. Each time an injured or ejected player needs to be replaced, the order of reversal shall be followed. Any player who has been disqualified from playing shall be punished for a technical foul if he or she enters the game again.

4. The game begins

The first quarter of the game and overtime shall begin with a self-jumping ball in the middle.

The second and third quarters shall begin with the team that loses possession after kick-off in the first quarter throw-in at the end line.

The fourth quarter shall begin with a throw-in from the end line by the team that has gained possession of the ball after the kick-off of the first quarter.

5. Dead ball, live ball, pressure ball

The ball is dead when the following happens:

Scrums;

The ball stays on the basket or gets stuck between the hoop and the rebound;

At the end of any session; free throws for technical fouls;

Offensive fouls (boxing fouls, non-match fouls

the first of multiple free throws;

On-field offenses (dribble away, 3 seconds, 10 seconds, 24 seconds, etc.)

Fight fouls;

an omission whistle;

After a successful shot or free throw;

Before a player takes possession of a boundary.

The ball is a live ball in the following situations: in any jump ball, when the referee throws the ball; When a throw-in player can handle the ball; When the penalty player can handle the ball. …,

The ball becomes a vitality ball when it is legally slapped by a jumper; when the ball leaves the throw-in's hand; When the ball leaves the penalty kicker's hand.

(All rights reserved by China Basketball Referee Network, please indicate the source for reprinting:.)

6. Replacement

The substitute should report to the recorder the name and number of his and the substitute player and be in the substitution area in front of the recording desk. Failure to report to the recorder is subject to a fine of $25. The recorder shall blow the whistle to announce the substitution when the ball is dead (except after a successful shot) and the substitute player must be waved by the referee to enter the game. The time to replace a disqualified player is 30 seconds.

After the first free throw of multiple free throws, the substitute is allowed to enter the game, regardless of whether the free throw is made or not.

Substitutes may not replace the penalty taker or jumper unless the injured player requests to be replaced, in which case the opposing coach shall select the substitute on the bench of the team on the side of the penalty (jump). Injured players will not be able to play again. Substitutes must remain on the pitch once they enter the game and are not allowed to be substituted until the next dead ball.

If a player is injured by unsportsmanlike conduct and the penalty cannot be taken, his coach may designate any qualified member of the team to take the free throw. Injured players can also play again.

7. Suspension

(l) 20-second pause

Each team has the right to request a 20-second timeout every half hour. A total of two 20-second timeouts may be requested per game (including overtime).

A player requests a 20-second timeout, which is given only when the ball is dead or the team is in control of the ball. The team member shouts: "20 seconds timeout".

During the 20-second timeout, the team can only make one substitution. If the team requesting a timeout replaces a player, the opposing team may also replace a player.

If a second 20-second time-out is requested in the middle of the hour (including overtime), it shall be allowed, subject to the registration of a regular time-out.

If the game cannot continue at the end of the 20 seconds, a regular timeout should also be registered.

(2) Regular timeout (100 seconds)

Each team has the right to request a regular suspension of 7 secondary registrations. Each team is limited to no more than 4 timeouts in the fourth quarter; No more than three timeouts within two minutes of the fourth quarter's worst. During overtime, 3 timeouts are allowed per team.

A player requests a 100-second time-out, which is given only when the ball is dead or when the team is in control of the ball. The team member shouts, "Pause".

There must be two timeouts per quarter. If no team calls a time-out with 6 minutes and 59 seconds remaining in each quarter, the recorder shall take a mandatory time-out at the first dead ball, which is registered in the name of the home team. With 2 minutes and 59 seconds remaining in each quarter, no team calls a second timeout, and the recorder shall apply a mandatory time-out at the first dead ball, which is registered in the name of the team that was not previously registered in the quarter.

Additional timeouts are permitted, subject to a technical foul. The head coach can request a 20-second or 100-second timeout when the game is aborted. (All rights reserved by China Basketball Referee Network, please indicate the source for reprinting:.)

8.24 second rule

The 24-second timer will start when a team gains a new possession of the ball in a match, or when the ball is legally touched by a player on the field during a throw-in. The team with possession of the ball must shoot within 24 seconds of receiving the ball. The conditions for completing the shot are:

(1) Before the end of 24 seconds, the ball must leave the player's hand;

(2) After the ball leaves the player's hand, the ball must come into contact with the basket.

If the ball does not touch the hoop within 24 seconds, it is a 24-second violation.

(2) Violations and penalties thereof

1.3 second rule

A team is in possession of the ball, and the team must not stay in the penalty area for more than 3 seconds.

A team controls the ball in the front court and starts counting for 3 seconds.

Penalty: Lost ball. The ball is awarded to the opponent to take a throw-in on the sideline of the extended part of the free throw line.

2. Swing of the elbow

Players are not allowed to swing their elbows excessively or forcefully (without contact). It is a violation when a defender is nearby and the attacking player is in possession of the ball. …,

Penalty: Lost ball. The ball is awarded to the opponent to take a throw-in on the touchline close to the place where the offence was made.

3. Score points for illegal assistance

Players are not allowed to use hoops or rebounds to lift, support, or lift themselves to help score shots.

Team members are not allowed to assist their teammates in increasing height while shooting.

Penalty: Lost ball. The ball is awarded to the opponent to take a throw-in on the sideline of the extended part of the free throw line.

4. Isolation

If the attacking team places three or more players outside the top of the circle or on the side without the ball, the offense shall be declared.

Penalty: Lost ball. The ball is awarded to the opponent to throw a throw-in on the sideline of the top extension of the circle.

5. Offensive cover outside the bounds

Offensive players are not allowed to leave the ground area at the end line of the front court in order to establish cover.

Penalty: Lost ball. The ball is awarded to the opponent to take a throw-in on the sideline of the extended part of the free throw line.

6. Viscous substances

Team members are not allowed to use sticky substances or any similar substances.

Penalty: $25 for first violation. The fine will be doubled for further violations.

(3) Fouls and their penalties

1. Foul on technical skills

Penalties for unsportsmanlike conduct or offences committed by a team member on the field or on the bench are technical fouls. Illegal contact with an opposing player before the ball is alive can also be considered a technical foul.

(1) Unsportsmanlike behavior

A maximum of two technical fouls may be awarded for unsportsmanlike conduct by any player, coach or trainer. Any offender who commits one unsportsmanlike act may be expelled; On two occasions unsportsmanlike behaviour had to be expelled.

Unsportsmanlike behaviour such as: speaking rudely to referees; physical contact with the referee; publicly expressing dissatisfaction with the pronouncement of the sentence; the use of profanity; Coaches enter the venue without the permission of the referee; Deliberately extending elbows or attempting to move hands and feet without including contact.

There are also technical fouls that are not caused by unsportsmanlike conduct, such as: delaying a game; offences in the area of the team bench; There are fewer or more than 5 players on the field when the ball is a dynamic ball; Offensive players deliberately hang from hoops or rebounds, etc.

Unlawful contact during the dead ball is considered unsportsmanlike in nature to be a technical foul; If the contact is unnecessary and excessive, it can be judged as a malicious foul.

(All rights reserved by China Basketball Referee Network, please indicate the source for reprinting:.)

(2) Foul in a fight

In the event of a fight between a player, coach or trainer during a game or during a dead ball, a technical foul shall be registered and no penalty shall be awarded, and the person who participates in the fight shall be immediately ejected. In addition, depending on the circumstances, the person involved in the fight will be fined not more than $20,000 and suspended.

In NBA games, foul penalties are harsh. A player, coach or trainer may be ejected if he/she commits an elbow foul at or below the level of the shoulder; technical fouls that do not have sportsmanlike conduct; Malicious foul caused by unnecessary or excessive contact.

A player, coach or trainer must be ejected if he or she commits the following acts: a boxing foul; Fight fouls; elbow foul touching the shoulder above the level; Attempted punch without contact; Not a continuation of the game, but a deliberate attempt to enter the stands.

In order to punish and stop fouls, the NBA rules also include fines, such as: if the referee believes that the player intentionally hangs from the basket, he shall be awarded a technical foul and a fine of $100; A fine of $100 for a technical foul for the first unsportsmanlike conduct, an additional $150 for the second foul, and so on.

2. Offensive fouls

Illegal physical contact with an opposing player after the ball has been turned into a live ball is an offensive foul.

Team members are not allowed to pull, push, or hit opposing players; It is also forbidden to stretch out arms, legs, knees, or bend the body into an abnormal position to hinder the movement of opposing players. Violation of the rules will be judged as an offensive foul and will be dealt with in accordance with the relevant penalties. …,

(1) Fouls committed by both sides

A two-way foul is a situation in which two players who are not on the same team commit an offensive foul or technical foul to each other at approximately the same time.

Penalty:

No free throws will be awarded for any offensive foul or technical foul, and only fouls will be registered for the players, not for the whole team. If a team has possession of the ball at the time of a foul or fight foul is called, it shall retain possession and continue play by throwing a throw-in near the point where the game was interrupted. If neither team has possession of the ball at the time of the foul or fight foul is called, or the ball is in the air with an unsuccessful shot, any two players from the same team shall continue the game by jumping the ball in the center circle. If the shot is successful, the score is valid, and the game continues with a throw-in at the baseline. If a foul is committed as a result of a difference of opinion from the referee, no points will be counted, and the game shall continue with any two players not on the same team jumping the ball in the center circle.

(All rights reserved by China Basketball Referee Network, please indicate the source for reprinting:.)

(2) Offensive fouls

After the ball is a live ball, the offensive player makes illegal contact with the opponent, which is an offensive foul.

If the offensive player commits an offensive foul, if it is not an elbow foul, a boxing foul, or a malicious foul, it shall be dealt with according to the following penalties: no score shall be awarded to the attacking team; Register a foul on a player who commits an offense; Fouls committed by the team as a whole are not registered (except for the sixth foul committed by the team and the team has no eligible substitutes).

(3) Foul without the ball

Foul off the ball when both teams do not possess the ball when they have the ball and make illegal contact with each other.

Player intrusion foul. If it is not a boxing foul, a malicious foul, or an elbow foul, and neither team has possession of the ball at the time of the foul, the following penalties shall apply: one offense by the registered offending player; Register a foul on a team-wide foul; If the penalty for a team foul does not occur, the opposing team is awarded a throw-in on the touchline close to the place where the foul was committed; If a team-wide foul penalty occurs, one free throw plus one free throw is awarded to the offended player.

If a defensive team is awarded a foul without the ball and then the shot (free throw) is successful, the offended team shall be awarded a free throw, making it possible to score 3 or 4 points. This rule applies to: regardless of which offensive player is fouled; Regardless of whether the foul penalty for the whole team is present or not.

If an offensive team is given a foul without the ball, and then the offensive team member makes a successful shot, the score is not counted.

(4) Boxing fouls

The player slammed the opponent with his fist, which was a boxing foul.

The unlawful contact of the team members was declared as an offensive foul and a team-wide foul as a boxing verdict. A penalty shall be awarded, whether successful or not, to the offended team for a throw-in in midfield.

Any player who punches an opponent, whether it hits or not, is unsportsmanlike and should be immediately ejected and stopped for at least one game.

This applies both in the middle of the match and in the dead-ball state.

In the event of a back-to-back boxing foul, all of this rule will apply and the team that is the last to be violated will take the throw-in in the midfield.

In addition, the player will be fined up to $20,000 and suspended depending on the circumstances.

(5) Non-race fouls

In the last two minutes of the fourth quarter or overtime, the defending team makes illegal contact with the offensive team in possession of the ball, and such contact occurs in an area far from the ball or when the throw-in is not out of hand, the penalty for an off-game foul is as follows: one intrusion foul and one team-wide foul are registered; One free throw (two elbow fouls or malicious fouls) is awarded, which may be taken by a player on either game; The offended team throws a throw-in close to where the game was interrupted.

(6) Fouls committed by the whole team

If each team commits more than 4 fouls per quarter, and each team commits more than 3 fouls in overtime, one free throw and one free throw will be awarded. (All rights reserved by China Basketball Referee Network, please indicate the source for reprinting:.) …,

If the team commits fewer than four fouls in the first 10 minutes of each quarter, or if the team commits fewer than three fouls in the first three minutes of overtime, the team is allowed to commit one team-wide foul in the last two minutes without a penalty.

Two free throws are awarded for an offensive foul on a player who is making a shot, and no additional free throws are awarded if a foul is made for the whole team; A free throw is awarded if the shot is successful, and no additional free throw is awarded if the team fouls the whole team. That is, up to 3 points on a successful two-point shot and up to 4 points on a successful 3-point shot.

(-END--)

Modifications to the new rules

On April 12, more than two-thirds of NBA owners agreed to changes to some of the NBA's rules, with the aim of speeding up the pace of the game, reducing the number of stars playing alone, and bringing more and more fans who are tired of the NBA back to the court. The new rules will be tested in the league in the summer before they are officially adopted.

For the new rules, Suns owner Jerry ?; Clangero, who is also the chair of the rules change meeting, commented: "This is a bold change and the most significant change since the introduction of the 24-second offensive time. ”

The main contents of this revision include:

1. Abolish the current rules for guiding illegal defenses;

2. Establish a three-second rule for defense, if a defensive player stays in the three-second zone for more than 3 seconds because of close defense, he will be fouled by blowing;

3. The time for the offensive ball to pass through the midfield has been reduced from 10 seconds to 8 seconds;

4. On the premise of not affecting the offensive players to advance with the ball, slight contact of the defending side is allowed, and the original foul rules are cancelled.

The NBA's changes to the rules, especially the three-second defensive rule, have met with strong opposition from the start, mainly from players, the media and some fans. In the United States, a country that advocates individual heroism, the revision of the rules is tantamount to ruining the jobs of some people in the industry and the appetite of fans who love to watch individual performances.

What can be predicted is that after the implementation of the new rules, there will be more mid-range jumpers in NBA games, while the number of dunks will be greatly reduced, and the overall speed of the game will be greatly improved. Players such as O'Neal who rely on their bodies to eat will have a hard time maintaining their current scores, while players like Sabonis and Wang Zhizhi who have a balanced physical and technical condition have more room to survive.

After the rule changes, the biggest concern is the referee's ability to adapt. In the NBA's illegal defensive period, referees don't have to pay attention to any three-second violations. Therefore, in the early days of the new rules, there may be a funny scene of the referee staring at the three-second zone and talking for a few seconds.

The other two new rules will definitely have the effect of improving the quality of the game. The attacker's midfield time has been shortened from 10 seconds to 8 seconds, which avoids the slow dribbling of some players who like to play tricks, and also stimulates the defender to speed up the defense. Allowing the defender to make slight contact without affecting the offensive player's dribbling will prevent the referee from blowing stops as often and allowing the game to flow more smoothly.

Since NBA boss David ?; Since Stern insisted on putting the All-Star Game in the middle of the season, the NBA has maintained a very good "shape" in terms of the format, and now the rules of the game have been revised to make the NBA's "content" more sophisticated. And that's exactly what happened, the Knicks, the Rockets, the Heat...... Watching them play is a bit tedious, with only one or two capable players playing, while others enjoy the game as if they were strolling around on the court.

Although the players and coaches are either strongly opposed or disagreed, there is no doubt that they will be able to adapt to the new rules very quickly. Right now, it's the referees who are under the most pressure. How the referees understand and apply the new rules and abandon the deep-rooted illegal defense principles in the past will be the biggest contradiction in whether the new rules can be implemented smoothly.

The NBA changes the rules, and we Chinese are watching the fire from the other side. However, after Wang Zhizhi joined the NBA, he only had a good performance against the weak Hawks, and in the game against the strong Spurs, he played three minutes, did not score a point, but had two fouls, and in the next game against the Suns and the Kings, Dazhi simply did not have the opportunity to play, which really made Chinese fans anxious. Perhaps, this rule change is a boon for both Dazhi and Chinese fans. In terms of body and technique, Dazhi is not lagging behind, and in terms of regional defense, Dazhi is familiar with the way and still has a certain advantage compared with NBA players. It is imperative that Dazhi accumulate experience this season and play again when the NBA officially begins to implement the new rules next season.