What organisms contribute the most to human biology?

Is it a monkey? Rabbit? Dove? A guinea pig?

If you really want to ask the researchers of biology to choose one, then many people should give such an answer - fruit flies.

Fruit flies, since the time of Morgan, have been used on a large scale.

The advantages are simply too numerous to mention. As a species of the Insecta Diptera, Drosophila, like most of its relatives, has the advantage of "strong reproductive ability and short life cycle".

Moreover, like most dipteran insects, it has a very high tolerance for "life".

A random empty bottle, with some small holes pierced and some rotten fruit that humans don't eat, can multiply fruit flies.

And, at a room temperature of 25 degrees Celsius, fruit flies are able to reproduce one generation every ten days.

From egg to sexual maturity to reproduction, it only takes ten days.

Then, the flies have only four pairs of chromosomes, which are few in number and have a marked difference in shape.

Relying on a large population, there are many variations in fruit fly traits, such as eye color, wing shape, and other traits.

Therefore, Morgan was able to simply use the naturally obtained white-eyed fruit fly to verify the genetics that Mendel had summarized.

It can be said that it is from this small animal that the human perception of "living things" has been completely changed.

This is simply the ideal laboratory animal.

Unless the experimental project is related to the higher nervous system, what geneticist with a normal IQ would abandon this species that seems to be born to enter the laboratory, and instead have to go to the laboratory to do inhumane experiments on large primates with 23 pairs of chromosomes, many traits that are difficult to master, sexual maturity takes at least 16 years, and strict dietary and environmental requirements?

Even if a technology is ultimately implemented on the "human body", "human experimentation" can only be the last step.

Until then, there are more good species with short life cycles that can help researchers explore the unknown.

And this time, as if its people had helped Morgan, the little creatures had taken another solid step by helping Yagmow.

Yogmow's agar is a first-instar larva of Drosophila (the larvae that have just hatched from the eggs until the first molt are called "first instars", the first molt followed by the second molt is called the second instar, and so on) This thing is less than 0.5 millimeters and looks not much larger than dust.

Only small wriggling dots can be seen to the mountain.

But, without a doubt, it's what happens when those fruit flies mate.

Xiang Shan felt his heart being pounded hard. He opened his mouth and asked, "Didn't you say that there would be occasional natural copulation?" Was the birth of these eggs accidental? ”

Yagmov shrugged, "No, it's just a handful of metal-based fruit flies that still snap." Probably because the self-repair mechanism of genes has reshaped the 'statement' about reproduction, allowing the inserted foreign genetic information to enter the process of sexual reproduction. ”

"Huh?"

Yogmov nodded, "In your more familiar terms." The genetic information of every organism is, in fact, a 'repository of information'. Our genetic material and enzyme systems make up the sentences that 'call' this genetic information. ”

"The original call statement is matched to the database. It is precisely because of this that the genetic information is expressed in different forms. Therefore, two species that share a large number of genes will show very different morphologies. ”

"And we cracked the enzyme system, so I could insert some extraneous information a little bit. This is what you've seen before. However, the compatibility of these extraneous information is problematic. So, when a living program is running and wants to call up a piece of information to make it work at the right time, it bugs. ”

Xiang Shan was stunned for a moment: "So 'forgetting to reproduce' is just a vicious bug?" ”

Yagmov nodded, "Yes, bug." ”

Xiang Shan slapped a cold sticker on his forehead vigorously: "That's over." There should be no more vicious bug in the history of evolution. No matter how vicious it is, it's about the same as it is - it can completely empty the race in a single generation. ”

"But I still quite like a line in "Jurassic Park", which is called 'Life will find its own way'." Yagmoth pointed at the fruit flies: "A small number of fruit flies actually fixed this bug automatically." ”

Xiang Shan pressed his forehead: "You can't count on luck ...... this thing"

"No, not by luck." Yagmov is confident: "If it happens once, it means that under certain conditions, it can happen." And as long as we get to grips with that 'condition' and control the variables, I want it to happen a few times. ”

Genes have a strong ability to repair themselves. It's a built-in mechanism.

After all, the RNA and DNA that organisms on Earth use to store genetic information are really fragile. If a thin high-energy particle from the universe hits it by chance, it may cause a small amount of information to be written or erased, rewriting the code of life. Viruses can do the same. There are even quite a few organic agents that can cause damage to it.

But genetic information is still a largely stable thing. In cases where the "error" is not severe, the genetic system also has the ability to self-correct.

This process happens all the time.

"In other words, you think there is an unknown process or effect that can make up for this bug, at least so that our 'system' will not collapse." Xiang Shan nodded: "And it has appeared in front of you." What you have to do is compare the genomes of these self-repairing flies with the genomes of the non-self-repairing flies, and confirm that the genetic modification surgery destroyed those genes and caused the mechanism to fail? ”

"Almost." Yagmov nodded: "This process can be completed soon." ”

"Oh, I can probably see why you had to ask me to come over." Xiang Shan sighed heavily: "Say, what do you need?" ”

"The computer I originally asked you to order must not be enough. More data to run than expected......"

"Day!" Xiang Shan gave a middle finger: "It is impossible to cancel the order!" Do you think it's a home computer, can you return it for no reason before it arrives? That's a ...... for research institutes."

"Oh, and keep the equipment, too. I am asking for better computer equipment. ”

Xiang Shan looked at Yogmov: "Brother, our institute has just put up a sign, funding or something...... If it weren't for the fact that I had to take the subway home later, would I pluck a handful of hair and show you your letter right now? ”

"Pulling out your hair?" Yagmov was puzzled: "Is this some strange republican custom?" ”

"No, it's to show my powerless and crazy heart." Xiang Shan walked to the door, picked up his jacket from the coat and hat rack, and then put his hand in his pocket and groped a few times: "Of course, I don't have any equipment, but I brought the wine for the celebration." ”

Although the temperature of the laboratory can overturn the big man, the heat retention of Xiang Shan's cotton jacket is not bad, so this palm-sized bottle of Red Star Erguotou is still a little cool after starting.

Yagmoth was surprised: "I thought I could open a bottle of champagne." ”

"Originally, there was no alcohol. I remembered it when I came, so I bought it at the intersection commissary, and I was picky. Xiang Shan shook his head: "Follow the customs, follow the customs, follow the customs." Our old Beiping is just like this - come and come. ”

Yagmov blew directly into the bottle.

Then want to squirt out.

But sensing that he might have squirted fruit flies with a mouthful of wine, the man swallowed the unexpectedly spicy liquid.

"What am I drinking? A cold fire? ”

"That's what victory looks like, brother."

The two men sat upright on the ground against the coldest wall of the lab, and then shared a bottle of "Taste of Victory".

"I think it's good." So said the United States scientist, whose accent had been slightly changed by alcohol.

Xiang Shan nodded.

He sat on the ground and looked at the fruit flies. He felt that the orange glow from the heater was like a circle of golden light.

In the insect web, there is a golden future.

…………………………………………………………………………

"Gan." Xiang Shan unplugged the wiring from his body again and withdrew from this reading.

He was now leaning against the inner wall of the vehicle, sitting on the ground in the same posture as he had been then.

But it was pitch black on the opposite side.

And the extraordinary vision given to him by the prosthetic eye let him know that directly opposite him were the barrels of cryogen that he had stockpiled before.

"Am I an idiot? What kind of eyesight? What kind of rhetoric? It's like seeing the future in a worm net...... Hahaha, what a joke. ”

"Now this world is really like Nima is locked in a worm net."

"For 28 years, I've only been a promise. For 37 years, I had a hole in my head. ”

Xiangshan began to feel sick to these memories.

Although the high-spirited emotions in his heart told him that this was indeed his own memory.

The "memory of subjective emotions" that he had divided was still echoing in his brain, reminding him of this.

However, Xiang Shan really couldn't contain his anger.

He simply put the hard drive away, then kicked the door open and rushed out.

Solo Kill King Jadel is shooting on a rock, observing the south with a homemade optical instrument. At this moment, the afterglow of the sun is fading. It's time to set off again.

Xiang Shan walked up to the Single Kill King and asked, "Brother, have you found anything?" ”

"Well, nothing. Amilcar brought back some troops. It's just that the whole city has sunk below the horizon, and I can't see the movement of their ground troops, so I don't know how many people they brought back. ”

Speaking of this, the Single Kill King sighed: "Sure enough, I should have left a hidden command in that anti-aircraft artillery position, and let it be fully launched after ten hours of countdown." ”