Yuki applauded. There are three points of coping in the applause, and there are also three points of sincerity: "But Xiangshan, this is the same as the 'internal strength' we are talking about...... What's the ...... to do with it"

"Yuki," Xiang Shan didn't answer directly, but asked a question instead: "Do you think that the computer is powerful?" ”

Yuki nodded. Control the prosthesis. In fact, most of it is the computers that do their part. As long as there is a computer, even the most complex construction machinery can operate.

Yuki also knows that computers can calculate things at incredible speeds, and that rich people can do more things with it, such as ...... Like what......

It's pretty powerful anyway.

"Definitely. The performance of the human biological brain, if the symbolic operation is the benchmark, the computing resources can be compared to that of a supercomputer - well, in this day and age, most of the parameters I remember are not 'supercomputing'. However, the software that matches this hardware, the optimization is just too poor. If you simply compete with computing and pursue performance, the biological brain is not comparable to the computer. ”

This is a very normal thing. Biological evolution has always followed the principle of "enough is enough". Evolution is not about "performance extremes". An unfavorable trait, as long as it does not affect "living to childbearing age to have children", it will not be eliminated by natural selection.

In natural people, there are a lot of intellectual retardation designs that can cause various injuries and diseases.

But there is only one thing, computers cannot compare to the human brain.

"At least in the days as far as I know, computers still can't get out of the equation of 'computational problems.'"

Yuki was a little confused: "'Computational problem' ......"

"Computational problems are to explore whether all math problems can be solved by the same calculation method. On this basis, a genius named Alan Turing designed the 'Turing Machine' and then ...... He rejects the human ideal of 'computability'. Not all math problems can be solved by machines. ”

The Turing machine was unable to comprehend many issues in the first place. It's not that "there are not enough computing resources to calculate", but "the possibility of starting computing does not even exist".

The simplest, let's say partial geometry – note that "partial geometry" is not "all". In mathematics, concepts such as "numbers", "geometry", and "equations" can be transformed into each other to a certain extent.

But in the beginning, there were a lot of problems that the computer could not calculate, or even recognize.

In the early days of computers, a professor sent one of his graduate students to solve the problem of "computer image recognition" - he was optimistic that it would only take two months for his graduate students to completely solve this problem.

But the truth is, it's impossible.

Until the 21st century, "naked eye recognition captcha" is also the standard for some network programs to judge "whether the login user is a human".

"Computer Graphics Recognition" is a terrifying subject. There are countless scholars around the world who are fighting for it, but programmers still use "visual recognition captcha" as a means to block malicious machine logins.

The reason why computer graphics recognition is so difficult is largely due to the ......

"Problems that computers can understand are called 'polynomial time problems', or the abbreviated P problem. The computer can quickly solve the P problem. Even more difficult than the P problem is the non-deterministic polynomial time. Nondeterministic Polynomial time – i.e. NP problem. ”

A large part of the geometry problem is located within the NP. A Turing machine can quickly verify that the answer is correct, but it cannot give a quick answer. And some geometry problems are even more difficult than NP.

"There was once a mathematician who wanted to prove 'P=NP' to prove that all NP problems can be transformed into P problems, and to find a way to make computers gods. I still don't remember if I succeeded, I didn't ......."

When the Turing machine was born, it was set to a limit—because it denied that "mathematics has absolute Turing computability."

The great ideals of Mr. David Hilbert failed.

- If it weren't for the war, maybe Anatoly could have done it...... What the......

- Who is Anatoly again? How do I know so many inexplicably powerful characters?

After a while, the man added lonely: "Probably not." Computers have things that they are 'not destined to do'. The NP problem is destined to be something that the computer is not capable of solving. And the NP problem is not even the ultimate in complexity. ”

"In addition to the NP problem, there is also the polynomial hierarchy problem [PH], in addition to the polynomial hierarchy problem, there is also the polynomial space problem [PSPACE problem], and in addition to the polynomial space, there is also the exponential time problem [EXPTIME problem]."

"In this respect, quantum computers are one dimension stronger than electronic computers. However, the theoretical capability limit of quantum computers is called the finite error quantum polynomial time problem [BQP]. The BQP category only includes part of the PSPACE problem - even quantum computers cannot touch EXPTIME. This is the realm of the near-Tao......"

Yuki nodded in awe: "Although I don't understand, it seems to be very powerful." So to the mountain...... What is EXPTIME? Can you give an example? ”

"The simplest example is good." Xiang Shan nodded: "You're using an electronic program, and I think this program is a bit stuck." At this point, you have to make a choice, do you want to make a decision, 'Let it run like this, it'll be fine for a while', or 'I'll just restart if I endure it for a long time'?" This 'judgment' is the EXPTIME judgment. ”

Yuki was silent for a moment: "Huh? ”

"This 'judgment' is the EXPTIME judgment."

"What?"

"This 'judgment' is really the EXPTIME judgment."

"No...... Yuki wondered if his biological brain was broken, "Isn't this ...... Is it something that a child can understand? ”

"From a mathematical point of view, the difficulty level of this problem is EXPTIME. The biological brain can easily make this kind of judgment, but the computer can't even 'understand'. Among the known computational models, there is only one that can touch this field......" Xiang Shan pointed to his head: "The biological brain of humans." ”

"Maybe it's a limitation that the human brain can't build computational models that are more advanced mathematically than it is? Perhaps, but humanity has not yet touched this field? But I'm sure that the current human race still hasn't solved this problem - because the warriors I met today still retain their biological brains. ”

Xiangshan took out two iron strips and drilled holes in them with his hands.

"This is the secret of internal strength. Use your brain...... Use your innate wisdom to harness the huge resources brought by the computer, and form an 'internal force' to resist external evils."

"Because the control prosthetic uses a Turing machine, the recording of intelligence uses a Turing machine, and even everything in this world is subordinate to a Turing machine. Therefore, when you are able to harness the Turing machine with internal forces, you are above all tools. Those in power will not be able to prevent you from obtaining information or stealing anything from you. He can't control you anymore. ”

"If you don't practice martial arts, you will end up empty. If you focus on the cultivation of the outer martial arts and ignore the inner martial arts, then any strong internal martial artist or any hacker can read your memories at will, take away your martial arts algorithms, experience convolution, and even enter wrong signals in your sensory organs, making you live in illusions for the rest of your life. A martial artist without internal strength, no matter how strong he is, he is only an oppressed, and only when he has cultivated superior internal strength can you have the strength to resist. ”

He shoved the strip of iron into one of the machine's inputs.

This iron strip is the memory. The presence or absence of the holes above represents the "yes" and "no" machine language. This is the original soul of the computer.

Even without an electronic structure, it has everything a computer needs.

"Now, I'll teach you the first lesson first. This may be your way of fighting back after you get caught in the illusion. Xiang Shan pointed to the handle: "Now, turn him." ”

Yuki turned as he was told. The steel drill is constantly falling under the drive of the gear. Some of them are blocked by the iron sheet, and some pass through the holes in the iron sheet, transferring kinetic energy to the gears below. The sheet moves inward with the movement of the gears.

Xiang Shan stared at the bare machine, observing his movements.

"Ding" sound. Yuki was a little incredible.

"Stuck, ...... to the mountain"

"Good." Xiang Shan nodded: "The world is not gone, the machine is not disappearing - it's a good sign, child." This shows that I am real, and so are you. We're not in a simulator. ”

"Remember this. This is called 'Turing Shutdown', and it is a sword that slashes illusions. ”

The Turing downtime problem is the problem of judging whether any one program can end running within a limited amount of time. This problem is equivalent to the question of whether there is a program P that can determine whether w will end in a finite time or an endless loop for arbitrarily entered program w.

The question can be simply expressed as "can a Turing machine simply determine whether another Turing machine should be shut down".

And Alan Turing gave his judgment before the birth of the computer.

The Turing downtime problem is logically unsolvable.

Therefore, this also gives people the sword to cut through the illusion.

If you can construct a structure that is mathematically isomorphic to the Turing machine in the illusion formed by the calculation of a Turing machine, and then use it to determine the shutdown problem, then the Turing machine has the ability to exhaust the resources of the matrix and break through the layers of matrices.

As long as the matrix of the upper level is still a "Turing machine".

The only way for a Turing machine to understand another is to simulate the work of that Turing machine in the body.

Instructions that can make the virtual Turing machine go down can make the virtual Turing machine of the Turing machine go down.

- Of course, there is also the situation that "it is not a Turing machine that exists in the virtual world, but a super-Turing machine". But seriously, the civilization that can take out the super Turing machine and make a brain in a jar is far beyond human comprehension. In this situation, there is no way to crack it within the scope of human cognition, so there is no need to think about it.

Turing Machine, Turing Downtime Problem, Hilbert Project...... These are the origins of internal strength.

This is also the reason why Xiang Shan would rather put aside the reconstruction of the prosthetic body for the time being, and also complete this mysterious ritual first.

He wasn't sure if he was a "brain in a vat" right now — according to his understanding of technology, it wasn't difficult to soak a brain in a culture medium that would make him mistakenly think that the hallucinations around him were "real."

So he had to be verified.

The biological brain, although mathematically extremely advanced, is such a gullible thing. It is not comparable to man-made objects in terms of "functionality".

Where can the things that nature has fabricated blindly based on the principle of "what can be used and do" be able to compete with the means devised by wisdom for the purpose of "deception"?

Only wisdom can fight wisdom.

After confirming the "reality" of the surroundings, the world seems to come alive in the eyes of the mountain.

He gently rubbed Yuki's head: "That's good, you're real, and I'm real." ”