And after the chip becomes bigger, the cost of a single chip will increase a lot, because in addition to the computing and control circuits, there are communication circuits, storage circuits, and physical cores inside the chip, and the more complex these are.

After all, after making it bigger, the wire inside the chip will become longer, the resistance will become larger, and the capacitor charging speed will be slower if the voltage remains the same, if the charging is fast, the voltage must be increased, and the voltage will increase, then the current will become correspondingly larger, and if the heat is too large, it will be burned directly.

Today's real-life example is AD's Thread Ripper chip, which is larger than ordinary Ryzen chips, but its price is also very high.

So this road is not complete.

Ye Fan's idea is to use carbon materials to make transistors, which is a novel genre that has also been proposed by many scientists.

Why do these scientists think carbon can be used? In fact, this has a lot to do with the high-quality properties of carbon itself.

For example, transistors made of carbon nanotubes can have an electron mobility 1,000 times that of silicon, which means that the electronic mass base in carbon materials is better.

Another example is that the free path of electrons in carbon nanotubes is particularly long, that is, the movement of electrons is more free, and it is not easy to rub and heat.

Because of the advantages of these underlying layers, the same level of performance can be achieved by using carbon as transistors, and as well as replacing silicon-based substrates, even without being as small as silicon transistors.

For example, a study supported by the Amejian Ministry of Defense in 2018 hoped to use 90N carbon chips to achieve the same performance as 7N silicon chips.

Today's quantum transistors are essentially alternative silicon transistors, but they are not electrons that migrate internally, but quanta, but their silicon properties cannot be changed.

Even if carbon is used to make chips, there are many ideas, but these ideas are still in the exploratory stage, and the closest to practicality is the field of carbon nanotube chips involved in this research project of Peking University.

As early as 2013, Amijian Stanford University built the world's first carbon nanotube computer, and in August 2019, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology released the world's first carbon nanotube general-purpose chip, which contains 14,000 transistors.

At that time, three articles were published in the journal Nature recommending this achievement, which shows how much of a sensation it caused at the time.

However, even the sensational study published by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology only contains 14,000 transistors, which is far from the scale of today's mobile phone chips with tens of billions of transistors at every turn.

In order to manufacture carbon nanotube chips with performance comparable to commercial components, an important premise is to be able to manufacture high-purity, high-density, and neatly arranged carbon nanotube arrays.

Once the purity and density of carbon nanotubes are not high enough, or the arrangement is not competitive, it is difficult to reliably manufacture commercial chips of the scale of hundreds of millions of transistors, because there is no guarantee that the transistor will fail.

In the study released by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 2019, the purity of the carbon nanotube array used was only four nines, which means that people speculated that this purity was at least six nines or eight nines, so that the performance of carbon nanotube chips could be comparable to that of traditional chips.

In July, the scientific research team of Professor Zhang Zhiyong and Peng Lianmao of Peking University prepared a carbon nanotube array with a purity of up to six nines on a 4-inch substrate through an original preparation process.

In terms of density and purity, it is 1-2 orders of magnitude higher than similar studies in the past.

Based on this high-quality carbon tube array, the researchers also produced the corresponding transistors and ring oscillators in batches to verify the mass production potential of this new process.

Through experiments, it was found that the performance of these transistors and ring oscillators surpassed the components in traditional silicon chips of the same size for the first time, proving that carbon chips may indeed be more powerful than silicon chips.

Once carbon nanotubes are used in the future for industrial applications, due to their advantages in power consumption and performance, they are likely to be used in scenarios with more demanding energy consumption ratios such as mobile phones and 5G base stations.

If the energy consumption of chips can continue to drop by two or two levels, it can be powered by very small energy sources such as human body fluids and questions, and the use scenarios will be broader than today's consumer electronics.

Although carbon does have many properties that are very good, and some electrical properties are even better than silicon, the biggest limitation of carbon chips is actually the process of making an insulating layer.

The silicon substrate only needs to be oxidized to obtain silica, but the carbon material cannot be made as an insulating layer by oxidation, and this process is an important factor that causes carbon to not replace silicon.

If these problems can be successfully solved, with the strength of Datang Technology, the finished product can be mass-produced within three years, and the carbon transistors will be injected into the quantum transistors of today's quantum computers to realize the miniaturization of quantum computers.

After all, each of the 1,000 quantum computers in the basement of Datang Technology's headquarters is as big as a refrigerator, and the volume of quantum transistors, quantum memories and other things in it is too large.

The volume of a quantum transistor has reached the size of a palm, because it is limited by the nature of its silicon, it cannot be made small, so there are hundreds of quantum transistors in a quantum computer, not including other parts.

This is also the main reason why quantum computers are so big, if you continue to continue to make chips and even transistors on the silicon substrate, then the smallest quantum transistors can only be the thickness of a finger.

If the carbon chip and carbon transistor project can be successful, then the volume of quantum transistors can be reduced to the same size as today's mainstream electronic transistors, and even hundreds of millions of small quantum transistors can be integrated into palm-sized chips.

In this way, the preliminary quantum chip can be completely made, and it is possible that a quantum computer can be the size of a notebook, but its computing power is higher than the combined computing power of all computers in the world.

After all, today's quantum computers do not have quantum chips, but like the first computers, a large number of transistors are used to undertake the processing of data.