Due to the introduction of Buddhism, a new type of architecture, namely Buddhist architecture, emerged, especially the construction of Buddhist monasteries and high-rise stupas.

The desk is a single board, on which there is a book with a blue silk envelope, and there is a Dusheng plate on the other side of the desk, and stationery such as pen holders and stone inkstones are placed in the plate.

Buddhism was introduced, and after several dynasties, due to the vigorous promotion of the aristocratic royal family, a large number of monasteries, stupas and grottoes were built, the most prominent case.

Buddhist temples have also been built in all counties of the region. Yongning Temple is the largest, the tower is placed in the middle, there are doors on all sides, and the Buddha hall is behind the tower.

The tower is the main building, which is placed in the center of the Buddhist temple, and is supplemented by the Buddha hall and placed behind the tower. Many Buddhist temples were converted from the residences of aristocratic bureaucrats. The so-called "house for the temple" is to change the front hall into a large hall, and the back hall into a lecture hall.

This kind of tower is different from the pavilion-style wooden tower, which adopts the dense eaves type, and is only used as an object of worship, not for climbing and visiting

Its source is the tower-shaped Buddha hall that appeared in India in the third century AD, that is, the "Jingshe" recorded in Xuanzang's "Tang Western Regions Records" later. In addition to the above two types of towers, it is known from the murals and stone carvings that there was a third type of tower at that time, the single-story tower.

The cave temple is a cave-type Buddhist temple carved out of the mountain cliff. The Han Dynasty had mastered the construction technology of digging caves, and after the introduction of Buddhism, the custom of digging cave temples spread rapidly throughout the country. The earliest was in Xinjiang,

The largest Buddha statues in these caves were built at the expense of royalty, aristocrats, and bureaucrats. Wooden buildings are often built outside the caves to protect them. The carvings and paintings preserved in the grottoes are valuable ancient art treasures.

From the perspective of building function layout, the grottoes can be divided into three kinds: one is the tower courtyard type, which is the same as the tower center of the early Buddhist temple, and this kind of cave is more in the Yungang Grottoes;

The second is the Buddha hall type, the Buddha statue is the main body in the cave, which is equivalent to the Buddha hall in the general temple, and this kind of grotto is more common; The third is the monastic type, called Bihara in India, mainly for the monks to meditate and practice, the Buddha statue is placed in the cave, a number of small caves are dug around, and each cave is for a monk to meditate.

In addition, there is a kind of small cave, which is distributed around the first and second class caves, and is also a meditation cave. The architectural images expressed in the murals, carvings, front porches and eaves of the grottoes are important materials for us to study the architecture of the Northern and Southern Dynasties.

The residences of the nobles were often accompanied by gardens. In the garden, there are earth mountains, fishing platforms, curved marshes, flying beams, heavy pavilions, etc. At the same time, the technology of stacked stone orogeny has also improved, or heavy rocks and mountains, rugged stone roads, or deep streams and caves, as if they were natural, is an example of this.

Some scholars and doctors flaunt the spaciousness and love of nature and wilderness, and in terms of gardening, they gather stones to lead springs, plant forests and open streams, in an attempt to create a relatively simple and natural artistic conception.

There have been several changes in the interior furnishings. On the one hand, the habit of sitting remains unchanged, but there is a new development in the traditional home.

If the bed is raised, the upper part of the bed is added, and a detachable low screen is applied around it. The bed for living is raised and enlarged, and the lower part is decorated with a pot door, so that people can sit on the bed and sit on the edge of the bed.

On the bed, there are long tables, crypt sacs, and semicircular tables for leaning. The two-fold four-fold screen that can be moved has developed into a multi-fold and multi-fold style.

Various forms of tall seating such as chairs, square stools, round stools, corset round stools, etc., are also entered. These new furniture changed people's living habits and indoor space handling customs, and became the prelude to the gradual abolition of bed and sitting on the floor after the Tang Dynasty.

In terms of farmland water conservancy, most of them are to renovate the original pi, pond, mound, and gate to make them give full play to the irrigation benefits. Fifteen miles to the southeast built Louhu Lake, seven miles around, and thousands of acres of irrigated fields.

In the north of the county seat, the water of Malin Creek is formed into a pond, with a circumference of 120 li, and 72 mountain streams are gathered, and hundreds of hectares of irrigated fields are irrigated. The recorded data on the changes of waterways and the location of waterways are the most basic basis for the study of water history.

The book includes farmland water conservancy, harnessing the Yellow River, repairing waterways, and building weirs, moats, and canals. In addition, the rise and fall of Zezhu, Pitang, and embankments in various places from the pre-Qin period to the Han and Jin dynasties were also described in detail.

It enables today's readers and researchers of the history of hydraulic science to restore part of the appearance of water conservancy construction at that time.

The book not only records the geographical location and changes of hydraulic projects, but also records the techniques and methods used to construct hydraulic projects, as well as the building materials used, which are indispensable for the study of the history of hydraulic engineering.

The detailed and accurate memory of the waterway, plus the tributaries, lakes and rivers, the Han Dynasty, the cities, the mountains, etc., can comprehensively investigate the situation of a river or even a river basin, so as to be able to infer the pros and cons of artificial management, the rise and fall of the waste, and provide reference for today's water conservancy construction.

The significance in the history of water conservancy is multifaceted, and it is a treasure in the ancient Chinese cultural heritage.

The Shu brocade produced is famous for its beauty and enjoys a good reputation. Zuo Si's "Shu Du Fu" praised Shu Jin as "Bei Jin Feicheng, and the river waves".

The selection conditions of the cluster room of "in the east of the court, love the sunscene in the east, and look at the sunshine in the west" are all valuable experiences accumulated by the working people in long-term production. The quality of the reeling products is also very good,

Such as Zhuji, Yongan and other places can produce high-grade "royal silk". There are many patterns of silk fabrics, such as the king of Wu and Mrs. Zhao can weave the dragon and phoenix brocade and the topographic brocade of the five mountains.

However, due to long-term wars and other reasons, the products in these areas are "all evil" and cannot be compared with Shu Wu. However, the Wei State did not have a government-run textile handicraft industry, and specialized in the weaving of official training.

Because they were accustomed to silk weaving clothing such as Luo Qi and Qiqi, the mulberry sericulture also moved south, and promoted the development of the silk weaving industry in the Southern Dynasties. Each dynasty of the Southern Dynasties has a Shaofu, under which the level of palm weaving and dyeing, vigorously produces all kinds of silk fabrics.

All kinds of production and living utensils have also been replaced with iron and copper products. The casting technology has also been improved, and the ding, kettle, furnace and other utensils have been cast successively.

It is said that there was also a man named Kanami who once beat a piece of iron plate into a concave shape with an iron hammer and put it on the fire to roast meat, which aroused the interest of many people. Later, according to this principle, people invented the iron pot.

After the party, Lu Ji's younger brother Lu Yun, an optimistic young man who loves to laugh, advised his brother not to be so impulsive:

"People are northerners, and it's normal that they haven't heard of our Wu County celebrities."

There is also a white hair, black or yellow tail, and there are black or yellow balls on the head or waist, which is called whipping hydrangea, and if there are two round balls, it is called whipping double hydrangea.

The pure black cat is also called the Cloud Cat or the Howling Iron. The cat's back is all black, but the belly, legs, feet, and paws are all white, which is called dark cloud cover snow.

The whole body is black or yellow, but the four claws are white, which is called treading snow and looking for plums. If the black cat has dotted white hair all over its body, it is called plum blossom leopard, also called money plum blossom, but this pattern is very rare, and it has not been seen so far.

There are also some who have a pure yellow body but white hair on their abdomen, which are called gold and silver beds. The black, white and yellow color is called a hawksbill turtle. If the tortoiseshell is concentrated on the head, it is called a roar; The tortoiseshell is all over the body, and it is called rolling brocade. The whole body is yellow, and the one without patterns is called a golden tiger.

He has always attached great importance to Lu Ji's reputation, and Lu Ji and Zhang Hua felt like old when they met, he admired Zhang Hua's moral demeanor and treated him with the etiquette of a teacher.

The high-ranking officials and servants under the sect not only maintained their power to provide policy advice to the emperor by their side to the emperor, but also obtained the power to review the copywriting issued by the Shangshu organization, and their power gradually increased.

Six laws, six lu, silent, eight sounds, six dances, and Yamato music are used to worship ghosts and gods, reconcile the country, unify all people, and entertain guests. auspicious, fierce, military, guest, jia "five rites" arrangement. Worship and perform duties from the prime minister to the next level.

Auspicious salutes to worship ghosts and gods, fierce salutes to mourn the country, military salutes to punish ungodly, guests to be courtesy, Jiali marriage, and court rites are included in Jiali.

Book Keju Reading Website: