097 - Myths of cloning

In the end, only 33 of the 50 elderly people met the experimental requirements after a physical examination and bone age test.

The remaining seventeen who did not meet the requirements were naturally returned.

It is also thanks to the fact that this Gorob village can find so many elderly people over the age of 50, and I heard that in order to make up enough numbers, the village chief even went to the neighboring village to negotiate with people to get people.

The reason for the scarcity of the elderly is the backward level of medical care, the towns are fine, and there are really not many people in the villages who can live to be over 50 years old.

According to official statistics in Namibia, more than 10 percent of the country's children are orphans because their parents died of AIDS shortly after giving birth to them.

In Namibia, where the population is only 2.58 million, the HIV infection rate is 21.3%, which means that one in five people in the country is living with HIV.

Thankfully, Namibia's HIV prevalence rate is not too high in Africa, far less than Botswana's 37.3 per cent, Eswatini's 38.8 per cent, and Lesotho's 28.9 per cent......

Africa has two world-famous specialties, one is diamonds and the other is AIDS.

Ignoring the dissatisfaction of Gorob Village, Chen Chen directly asked the thirty-three people to take a bath, and then arranged for them to live in the basement, where they could eat and drink well, but limit their activity area.

At the same time, in the laboratory, Chen Chen recruited a group of experienced assistants and began to clone the cloned human embryos of this group of old men.

In terms of specific operation, Chen Chen uses a more advanced three-dimensional polarized light spindle imaging system, which locates the nucleus of the egg cell and uses a laser to punch holes in the zona pellucida to remove the nucleus in a mode that does not damage the egg cell, and then implants the somatic cell nucleus of the old man with a micromanipulator.

However, it is a pity that the technology of this group of people cannot be compared with Chen Chen at all, and they failed several times in the process, and also failed several times in the process of using electric current and chemical induction, and finally completed all the cloned embryos under Chen Chen's guidance.

Next, it takes 14 days for the cloned embryos to grow to the blastocyst stage, and then the embryonic stem cells inside are extracted.

The reason why the international opposition to the cloning of human embryos is actually to oppose this step, and in the eyes of some people, killing these fertilized eggs is tantamount to killing people, which is ethically unacceptable.

Fortunately, however, these objections have not hindered the development of cloned embryos, and the technology of cloning embryonic stem cells in various countries is still making great strides so far.

After embryonic stem cells are extracted, these embryonic stem cells can be differentiated into the required hematopoietic stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells by controlling the growth environment of embryonic stem cells and manipulating the expression of genetically specific genes.

The stem cells cloned by this method are almost the same as the genes of the elderly, do not have any rejection, and are stem cells in the prime of life.

After these elderly people have undergone chemotherapy and radiotherapy, they will be implanted into the human body to replace the aging stem cells in the old people's bodies.

Once these young hematopoietic and mesenchymal stem cells return to the bone marrow, they will rapidly differentiate into blood cells, muscle cells, liver cells, osteoblasts, fat cells, chondrocytes, stroma and other human cells to repair and improve the aging damage of the human body.

That's where stem cells come in.

However, for a period of time, the academic community has been caught in a huge misunderstanding, which was fermented by the earliest cloning of Dolly the sheep -

As we all know, the cloned sheep Dolly is the world's earliest artificial cloned animal, before Dolly was born, its donor was a Finnish Dorset white-faced sheep, the experimenter extracted mammary cells from this sheep, and then took out the nucleus from it, which cloned Dolly, that is to say, Dolly's genes are basically the same as this Dorset white-faced sheep.

The Finnish Dorset white-faced sheep was 6 years old when the mammary gland cells were extracted.

However, after the birth of the cloned sheep Dolly, people found that Dolly's telomeres were shorter than sheep of the same age, not only that, but the cloned sheep Dolly showed symptoms of premature aging at the age of 6, although people took good care of it, but Dolly eventually died.

In the same year, the donor of the cloned sheep Dolly, the Dorset white-faced sheep, also died at the age of twelve.

In the study of lifespan in the biological community, the more mainstream theories are the "Telomere Theory" and the "Free Radical Theory", both of which have not been thoroughly proven, but if telomeres are the key factor affecting lifespan, then the death of the cloned sheep Dolly seems to have a basis.

Because the nuclear donor of the cloned sheep Dolly is a six-year-old sheep, although the cloned sheep Dolly has just been born, in fact, the telomere length has been worn down to only six years of life? That's why they die at the same time as the donor after 6 years?

At that time, this misunderstanding affected the entire academic community and cast a shadow on the entire cloning technology, because once this conclusion is true, it means that most of the treatments developed by cloning technology are futile, because no matter how much the telomere length is described, it will never change......

This misunderstanding has even affected science fiction works after 2000, causing many science fiction works to set the defect of short life span for clones when setting up clones.

But fortunately, at the end of 2019, this misunderstanding was finally revealed-

In November 2019, Professor Li and his team from the Key Laboratory of Animal Reproductive Regulation and Breeding in Zhongzhou Region made a decisive conclusion in the telomere research of cloned animals:

After years of research, Professor Li and his team have discovered that telomere reprogramming occurs during zygotic genome activation in cloned embryos, and the reprogramming process can return to the original length, which is the length of the donor itself, regardless of the telomere length of the donor cell!

In addition, Professor Li also found that the length of telomeres is actually related to the development of cloned embryos, and in the cloning process, the telomeres of normally developed cloned embryos can be significantly restored, while the telomeres of cloned embryos with abnormal development are not recovered, but will be shortened even more.

In addition, Professor Li also found that in the process of cloning embryos, some small molecules such as tricomycin A, sodium butyrate, melatonin, etc., can effectively improve the reprogramming efficiency of telomeres in a low-oxygen environment!

The research results were published in The FASEB Journal, a journal of the Federation of Experimental Biological Societies of North America, with the title of "Inhibiting repressive epigenetic modification promotes telomere rejuvenation in somatic cell reprogramming".

So far, the misconception that the lifespan of cloned animals is limited by donors has been completely broken.

As for why the cloned sheep Dolly had premature aging and why the telomere length was not enough? Then the benevolent will see the benevolent, and the wise will see the wise.

While the laboratory was cultivating the cloned embryos of this group of old men, Dlamini's side finally sent the people on Chen Chen's list over.

This time, there were a total of thirty people sent by Dlamini, all of whom were the elite of the elite, and Cheng Chao's trump card was probably not conspicuous among them.

As long as Chen Chen can subdue this group of jackal-like mercenaries, the foundation for establishing a rapid reaction force in the future will be completely established.

Chen's goal is to build a private armed force capable of carrying out global precision strikes in the coming years, and its main purpose is to protect the company's assets around the world, as well as destroy any evidence against the company.