There are three forms of nuclear reactions known to mankind, which are nuclear fission, nuclear fusion, and nuclear decay.

According to Einstein's mass-energy equation E=mc^2, as long as there is a mass decay before and after the nuclear reaction, it means that a certain amount of energy is released.

The so-called nuclear fission is the production of energy through the loss of mass through the division of heavy atomic nuclei.

Nuclear fusion, on the other hand, is the fusion of light nuclei to produce heavier nuclei, and the mass decay occurs, resulting in energy.

The reason why nuclear fusion is better than nuclear fission is not only because the energy released by nuclear fusion is huge, but more importantly, the raw materials for nuclear fusion can be extracted from seawater, deuterium is abundant in the earth's seawater, as much as 40 trillion tons, if all used for fusion reactions, the energy released is enough for human beings to use for tens of billions of years.

The common reaction material for nuclear fission - uranium-235 reserves are scarce, and the nuclear waste produced will affect the geology for hundreds of years, so nuclear fission cannot be compared with nuclear fusion in terms of reserves or cleanliness and safety.

Therefore, nuclear fusion energy is an unlimited, clean and safe new energy that is yearned for by countless people.

Of course, nuclear fusion does not only refer to deuterium-tritium fusion, as long as the elements in the periodic table are smaller than iron, nuclear fusion can actually occur, and the reason why human beings choose only tritium and deuterium as fusion materials is because they have the simplest conditions for nuclear fusion.

Compared with other elements, the isotopes of hydrogen, deuterium and tritium, both have only one proton, and the fusion reaction between tritium and deuterium only needs to overcome the repulsion between the two protons, while the other elements need to overcome the repulsion before a bunch of protons, which is not the same difficulty.

Now that he had determined the next route to conquer nuclear fusion, Chen Chen returned to his office and found out the nuclear fusion reactor technology in the "Elysium plane".

However, after a few glances, Chen Chen frowned, he has always specialized in medicine and biology, although he has a slight understanding of nuclear physics, but it is only on the surface, at most he only knows more than ordinary people.

So, Chen Chen raised his head and said, "X, immediately put together a document for me that can quickly understand nuclear physics." ”

As he spoke, he took out the tin box of chewing gum and opened it gently, and suddenly an NZT-48 flew into his mouth.

Then Chen Chen's expression was in vain.

At the same time, Xiao X also quickly sorted out a list of information about nuclear physics from shallow to deep, so Chen Chen flipped through the technical documents provided by Xiao X, and at the same time confirmed the information of the nuclear reactor in the plane of "Elysium".

This time, Chen Chen could almost understand it.

"I didn't expect that there was more than one kind of nuclear fusion reactor technology used in the Elysium plane."

Chen Chen smiled and flipped through the second drawing, "Inertial confinement fusion reactor and magnetic confinement fusion reactor?" It's incredible......"

"In fact, the mainstream of the continents of the Earth Federation is also these two."

"But if you subdivide these technologies, they can be divided into multiple branches, and there are even similar jokes circulating on the Internet......

"What joke?" Chen Chen couldn't help but ask.

"It is to divide various fusion branch technologies into nine camps of DND in terms of thickness and intuitiveness, and each camp also has an anthropomorphic speech."

Xiao X explained, "For example, the stellar mimic that represents 'order and kindness', the anthropomorphic speech is: my heart and my actions are as calm as stars, and everything I do is in a steady state. ”

"And the neutral and kind magnetic realm, the anthropomorphic statement is: there is no magnetic value to leak, there is no helium-3 to burn, because I don't make reactors anymore!"

"And the chaotic and kind tokamak: I'll tell you again about plasma current, you don't have to do anything again!"

"In addition, there are spherical tokamaks that represent orderly neutrality, field inverse constrained tokamaks that represent absolute neutrality, and magnetized target fusion, which represent chaotic neutrality, and so on......"

The more he talked about the back, the more excited Xiao X's tone became, "And the funniest thing is the laser fusion technology that represents chaos and evil - its anthropomorphic speech is: I TM shoot and explode!" ”

“……”

Chen Chen looked up in amazement, "X, I heard you right, you are actually in GHS?" ”

"I—I don't have it......"

Little X suddenly stood up, "What kind of yellowness is this, humans are called yellow, I am an intelligent life...... Can the matter of intelligent life be called yellow? I'm playing with a stalk, a stalk about nuclear physics! ”

Chen Chen shook his head, didn't bother about this issue, just kept in mind the changes in Xiao X's more and more human nature, and said again, "Now I basically understand why the development of nuclear fusion is much more difficult than nuclear fission, in fact, it is because the physical laws of the two reactions are different. ”

"The mass of the nucleus of nuclear fission is large, and it is unstable, so as long as the environment of room temperature and pressure can achieve the fission reaction, while nuclear fusion is different, to overcome the huge electrostatic repulsion between the nuclei, there is not enough energy or special environment to break the critical point of the repulsive force, and the nuclei cannot be fused together."

"So, the key is to create a high-pressure, high-temperature environment, right?"

"Yes."

Little X replied, "The most common nuclear fusion reaction in the universe is the sun, because of its own mass, the sun can make the core form an ultra-high pressure of 200 billion atmospheres, plus a temperature of 15 million degrees, it can fuse hydrogen atoms into helium atoms." ”

"However, if human beings want to achieve the same nuclear fusion on the earth, the conditions of ultra-high pressure cannot be achieved at all, so the current nuclear fusion devices of human beings need to work high temperatures, and the core temperature needs to be raised from 15 million degrees in the core of the sun to more than 100 million degrees."

"The simplest and most direct method is to use a large number of energized coils to enclose a ring along the ring, so that it generates a strong magnetic field to form a magnetic confinement nuclear fusion reactor, and this device that can generate a strong enough annular magnetic field is called a 'tokmak device'."

"Another kind of inertial confinement nuclear fusion reactor is to load a mixture of deuterium and tritium in milligrams into a small ball with a diameter of a few millimeters, and evenly inject the laser beam from the outside, the spherical surface evaporates outward due to the absorption of energy, and is affected by its reaction, the gas in the ball is squeezed and the pressure rises, and accompanied by a sharp increase in temperature, when the temperature reaches the required ignition temperature, the gas in the ball will explode, and a large amount of heat energy will be generated!"