283-Gain factor Q value

The next press conference about the Xingtian project naturally did not need Chen Chen to preside, he had just talked to Xia Yin for a few words, and Xiao X suddenly sent a message.

On the mobile phone, the message sent by Xiao X was: Just a few minutes ago, the inertial confinement reactor was suspected of having an atmospheric pressure leak during the experiment.

So, Chen Chen couldn't take care of Xia Yin anymore, turned around and left in a hurry.

Until he stepped out of the Black Light Dome, Chen Chen quickly got into Cheng Chao's car, and said at the same time, "Chaozi, hurry to the spire as fast as possible, quickly!" ”

But before he finished speaking, Xiao X's voice came from the car stereo again: "Your Excellency Godfather, actually...... It was just a data error, and everything is fine with the inertial confinement reactor......"

Chen Chen: "......"

Cheng Chao glanced at Chen Chen curiously in the rearview mirror, "Boss, are you still going to the spire now?" ”

"Go ahead, I'll go for a walk."

Chen Chen waved his hand and said helplessly.

Suddenly, the vehicle slowly started and left the Black Light Dome.

The inertial confinement reactor in Xiao X's mouth is the nuclear fusion device that Chen Chen developed according to the plane technology of "Elysium" years ago, and since the end of last year, major consortia have provided him with a large number of high-precision laser components according to Chen Chen's requirements.

Even Chen Chen found that some of these laser components turned out to be spare parts for the official NIF facilities in North America, and he didn't know what kind of means these families used, and even the laser generators of the NIF project were brought over.

After the reactor was assembled, after several months of experiments, the inertial confinement reactor had been successfully ignited thirteen times in a row, causing the deuterium-tritium fuel inside to undergo a nuclear fusion reaction, forming a miniature sun with a diameter of one centimeter.

Not only that, after multiple parameter corrections, this inertial fusion reaction can be maintained for more than five minutes, and the Q value easily breaks through the number of 10, reaching as many as 18 points.

Seeing that the world's first truly controllable nuclear fusion reactor was about to succeed, but there was an atmospheric pressure leak when it was about to happen, Chen Chen was naturally panicked.

Fortunately, it was just a false alarm.

Half an hour later, when Chen Chen took the elevator to the spire experimental base, he happened to see a newly built giant building standing in the southwest corner of the underground space.

It was a shed-like building that resembled an assembly line factory, and dozens of black knights were coming in and out of it at this time, looking very busy.

This shed-like building is Chen Chen's new inertial confinement power station.

Unlike nuclear fission power plants, nuclear fusion is a completely clean energy source, and the only material produced after the reaction is water, and because of the harshness and particularity of nuclear fusion, once the reactor fails, the reaction will automatically stop, and there will be no accidents such as nuclear radiation diffusion.

Therefore, Chen Chen is very relieved to build the nuclear fusion plant in the underground minaret experimental base.

As Chen Chen walked into the factory, he saw a huge cylindrical building with a diameter of more than 30 meters in front of him.

The entire building is made of reinforced concrete, and inside the building, which is five meters thick, is the inertial confinement reactor.

Who would have thought that at this time, there would be hundreds of millions of degrees of high temperature and ultra-high pressure of more than 100 billion atmospheres in this huge building, which is like a huge building?

Chen Chen looked at the console on the side, then raised his head and asked, "X, what's the situation now?" ”

"Now there have been fifteen consecutive successful ignitions, the reaction time of the inertial confinement fusion reactor has exceeded an hour, and the Q value has exceeded 20 so far."

"Has the lack of stability been solved?"

Chen Chen couldn't help but raise his eyebrows when he heard this, "I remember that in the previous experiments, superconductors at room temperature couldn't completely stabilize the plasma, right?" ”

Xiao X replied, "The reason why it is difficult to stabilize is because once the plasma undergoes nuclear fusion, it will become very turbulent, and the scattering phenomenon will occur and the reaction will be terminated. ”

"In other words, whoever can solve my bounty problem can get more than 100 points of experience on the site."

"In order to gain experience, those high-energy physicists have come up with three hundred and forty-one methods, but in my opinion they are useless."

"Eventually, I got a really useful answer from an ID named 'Akinu boy son Sakikawa'—"

Xiao X continued, "0.1mg of heavy elements are added to the deuterium-tritium fuel pellet as the core, because the heavy elements will accumulate towards the center of the ball, so after the fusion reaction, the ball will remain in a certain state of high temperature and high pressure to maintain the plasma body temperature and pressure pointing to the center of the ball. ”

"Because this pressure is maintained, the pellets do not immediately undergo all-round fusion, and a part of the plasma energy on the surface will be released to the surrounding reaction chamber, so that the two are in balance, the pellets will neither expand nor contract, and the fuel of the pellets will be squeezed to the surface to participate in the reaction, making the reaction more durable and stable......"

"How simple is that?"

Chen Chen looked surprised, "Could it be that person is actually a genius in high-energy physics?" X, can you find out who he really is? ”

"I've already checked, this person has opened a studio with only one person, responsible for writing advertorials, online water army, trademark squatting and other businesses."

“……”

I have to say that no matter how precise the nuclear fusion equipment copied by Chen Chen is, and how to restore the technology of the plane of "Elysium", there is always a technological generation gap.

However, what Chen Chen didn't expect was that Xiao X would find another way to solve a major problem by brainstorming, although this would cause the reactor power to not reach the level of the original, but it was enough for Chen Chen.

In fact, the fundamental meaning of the so-called inertial confinement nuclear fusion is to hit the energy of multiple lasers on a very small target loaded with nuclear fuel in a very short period of time, create a miniature nuclear fusion, and release a large amount of energy.

After the first fusion is over, the reactor is automatically filled with new fuel targets, which ignites the fusion again and again, and thus obtains a large amount of energy.

The real difficulty in this, in addition to the supersymmetrical laser element, is that the laser generator needs to consume a huge amount of electricity to ignite and form a fusion reaction.

In other words, even if it is not enough to form a nuclear fusion reaction, the energy produced by the nuclear fusion reaction must be greater than the energy consumed by the ignition of the laser generator.

Therefore, we have to mention the gain factor of nuclear fusion energy - "Q value".

The ratio of "output energy to input energy" is called "Q value", Q greater than 1 means "output is greater than input", counting the cost, if it is a steam turbine of the boiler, the "thermal efficiency" is about 40%-70%, and then counting some other losses, it can be roughly considered that Q=2.5 is a real cost price.

Other words:

At Q0, the realization of fusion reaction is a sign of a breakthrough in the principle of human fusion reactors.

In Q1.0, the output energy is greater than the input energy, which is a sign of "breakeven".

Q2.5, the output energy is still greater than the input energy after being converted into electrical energy, which is a real sign of the breakthrough in the "practicality" of nuclear fusion.

Q50 is a sign that the output energy can be converted into electricity to achieve profitability and can be "commercialized".

Therefore, there is a common saying in the high-energy physics community: "Controlled nuclear fusion without talking about Q value is actually playing hooliganism." ”

At this time, the Q value of Chen Chen's inertial confinement fusion reactor has been brushed to as much as 20, and the maintenance cost has long been more than enough.

The only regret is that Chen Chen did not use the method of "boiling water" to generate electricity, because the underground space is insufficient and cannot withstand a large amount of hot gas emissions, so Chen Chen uses the "magnetic fluid power generation" technology with low power conversion efficiency.

This technology is not a technology in the plane of Elysium, but one of the technologies that already exist in reality, and its principle is very simple.

The miniature sun in the reactor is actually a high-temperature plasma confined by a magnetic field, and the plasma is also a charged particle system composed of positively charged particles and negatively charged particles.

The advantage of this ferrofluid power generation technology is that it is simple and easy to operate, and there is almost no technical difficulty, while the disadvantage is that the electrical energy conversion efficiency is not high, otherwise the Q value of the inertial confinement fusion reactor at this time is likely to have exceeded 50.

You must know that the nuclear fusion reactors of the world's leading countries can also maintain a Q value of about 1.5, and there is still a long way to go to truly achieve a self-sufficient 2.5.

But in any case, Chen Chen can at least be sure that his nuclear fusion reactor in the Minaret Experimental Base has been officially successful, and it will also be the first truly mature nuclear fusion reactor in human history.

According to Xiao X's calculations, the output power of this reactor can reach up to 200,000 kilowatts, although it does not seem to be much, but the energy it consumes is only a drop in the bucket, and the degree of cost-effectiveness is far greater than that of nuclear fission power plants.