The Book of Rites has a cloud: "The shooter, the way of benevolence is also ......", so the will of the festival, in order not to lose its thing, then the success and virtue stand, virtue stand, then there is no disaster of riots, success is the national security, so it is said that the shooter, so the view of virtue also. "Bow archery, as a criterion for assessing talents, is not just a skill.

"Confucius Fu Zhou Ceremony", to the ability to shoot as the respect, "shooting" has even become a measure of whether a person is virtuous, "self-cultivation and hair, without losing the right hoof, its only virtuous; If the husband is not good, he will be able to drink."

Mencius said: "The benevolent person is like shooting, the one who shoots is right and then the shot, and the one who does not win, does not complain about himself, but seeks for himself." In the view of Confucianism, "shooting" is closely related to "benevolence" and "etiquette". "Archery is all about etiquette.

"The Son of Heaven makes a bow and arrow to dominate the world, and the world steals the bow and arrow to insult the Son of Heaven." In the Shang and Zhou dynasties, bows and arrows were endowed with profound humanistic connotations and developed into a political system - archery.

According to the explanation of the "Book of Rites: Archery", archery not only selects ordinary talents, even if you are a prince, you must also select through archery.

The Shang and Zhou nobles generally respected the archery salute, especially the big archery salute and the village archery salute, which occupied an important position in the life of the nobility at that time. In addition, archery also occupies an important position in the education of the slave-owning aristocratic class with the "six arts" as the main content. "Zhou Li Baoshi": "Raising the son of the country with Taoism is the six arts of teaching: one is five rites, two is six music, three is five shots, four is five masters, five is six books, and six is nine numbers. "Five shots" refers to the five types of archery techniques, which are white arrow, Shenlian, Yanzhu, Xiangqi and Jingyi. The white arrow is the arrow that pierces the target and the arrow is white, indicating that the arrow is accurate and powerful; Participation is to put a arrow in the front, and the last three arrows go in a row, and the arrows belong to each other, if the beads are connected; It is said that the arrow is sick, the aiming time is short, and the arrow is released and hit; The ruler is shot by the minister and the king, and the minister and the king stand side by side, so that the king retreats one foot; The well instrument refers to the four vectors that are coherent, all of which are in the middle of the target.

In the official system of the Zhou Dynasty, "shooting people" was an important position, in addition to being in charge of the shooting instrument, they were also in charge of important personnel arrangements, and were responsible for important ceremonies such as sacrifices, court appointments, expeditions, and funerals. Even in the Qin, Han, Wei, Jin and Sui dynasties and Song dynasties, the position of "servant shooting" inherited from "shooting people" was still the chief of all officials.

Zhou Li advocated the concept of virtue with shooting, which gave rise to the shooting ceremony. The word "shot" includes "body" and "inch". "Inch, law, hand"; "Body" is the human body, and "salute" is to establish the foundation of people's life and the way of life. The bow and arrow was elevated from a technique to the height of ideology and became a ceremonial culture with a high degree of aesthetics.

The archery culture contains the traditional Chinese feudal etiquette and strong patriarchal hierarchy, the distinction between monarchs and ministers, and the order of the eldest and youngest, which are fully reflected in the grand archery activities.

"The shooting of the princes of the ancients must also go first. The shootings of the king, the doctor, and the scholar must also be the first to drink in the township. Therefore, the Yan ceremony, so the righteousness of the Ming monarch and the minister, the township drinking ceremony, so the order of the Ming elders and the young. ”

Archery salutes are divided into large archery, bin archery, swallow archery and village archery, and each kind of archery salute has strict etiquette requirements.

The target of the salute is generally made of cloth, in which the animal skin is made into a hoof, and the content of the game is to shoot and shoot through, so it is called "the shot of the main skin".

Confucius looked at virtue by shooting, and he was deeply dissatisfied with the "shooting of the main skin".

"If you can't shoot the main skin, it's a different department for the force, and the ancient way is also."

The strength of the shooters in the competition is not the same, and it is not necessary to shoot at the target, let alone through the target.

Shooting focuses on people's conduct, shooting to cultivate virtue, the ancient tradition does not advocate shooting through its skin, as long as it can hit the target, even a little off is OK.

"A gentleman has nothing to fight, there must be, shoot. Let it go up, and drink it down. Its contention is also a gentleman. ”

According to the requirements of archery, the so-called "no drum is not released", and the person who shoots the arrow can only be called "won" when the drum is matched.

The traditional salute is shot three times,

A shot, but a courtesy.

Two shots, starting with the main skin. Or it is said to shoot through its skin, or it is said to be in the middle and not wear.

Three shots, listening to the temperance of drum music, it is in harmony.

The three shots are based on the Heli music, and the main skin is secondary.

"Practice shooting is still good." That is, the meaning of archery is to practice martial arts.

Therefore, in the final analysis, archery is still a martial culture.

"If there is nothing in the world, it will be used for ceremonies and music, and if there is something in the world, it will be used for war." From "not shooting the main skin" to "shooting the main skin", later generations used bows and arrows as killing tools, and naturally pursued strength and shooting through.

The ancients clergy were anxious to shoot the emperor, and other skills were taught according to the suitability of their talents, and their talents were not strong, as for shooting, it was a man's business, and people were born with diseases, and there was no disease, and they did not shoot and did not study.

In the order of the Xuan, it should be engaged in shooting, there are guests to shoot, there are sacrifices to shoot, other people can do the same can occasionally shoot, in the matter of ritual music, not to shoot and shoot, and to shoot is not not between the ritual and music sacrifices.

Xun Ziyun: "100 shots, missing one, not enough to be good at shooting; Thousands of miles, not to step, not enough to be good. ”

"The thing about the shooter man is also."

If a boy is born, a bow and arrow are to be hung on the left side of the door. When the son of the monarch is born, he must also let "shoot people with mulberry arcs and arrows, and shoot the four directions of heaven and earth." ”

"The aristocratic culture has developed into an era of extreme beauty, nobility, and delicacy and elegance, but the necessity of the collapse of the aristocratic class and the necessity of the rise of the plebeian class are the inevitable consequences of the brewing of such culture."

Archery is to promote the culture of etiquette with archery, shooting is only the end, and etiquette is the foundation.

"The ancient is the army, and the great gift is not forgotten", and the war is also endowed with a noble and simple etiquette culture.

Zheng Guo sent Zi Hao Ruzi to invade Wei Guo, and Wei Guo sent Geng Gong Zhisi to pursue him. Zi Hao Ruzi said:

"Today I have a seizure, I can't hold a bow, I'm dead."

Then he asked the man who drove him, saying,

"Who's chasing me?" The driver replied, "It's Geng Gongzhisi." ”

Zi Mao and his son said:

"Then I'm not going to die."

The man who drove him said:

"Geng Gongzhisi is a famous shooter in the country, but Mr. said that he would not die, why is this?"

Zi Hao Ruzi said:

"Geng Gongzhi is to learn archery from Yin Gongzhi, and Yin Gongzhi is to learn archery from me. That Yin Gongzhi is an upright person, and the friends he chooses must also be upright. ”

Geng Gongzhisi caught up and asked:

"Why doesn't the gentleman take the bow?"

Zi Mao said: "Today I have an illness and I can't use a bow to draw arrows. ”

Qing Gongzhi said: "I learned archery from Yin Gongzhi, and Yin Gongzhi learned archery from you." I can't bear to use your archery skills to harm you in turn. However, today this is a national business, and I dare not refrain from doing it. ”

So he drew the arrow, struck it on the wheel a few times, knocked it out, fired four arrows, and went back.

At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, etiquette collapsed, and the tricks of deceit and the study of thick black were indiscriminate.

The battle of Hongshui became the last swan song of ritual culture, Song Xianggong with the division of benevolence and righteousness, waiting for the Chu army to cross the river after the formation was in a good position, before ordering the battle, the result of the Song army was defeated, Song Xianggong was hit by an arrow, and died of serious injuries in half a year.

He Lu, his son and husband sent to destroy Yue, and the king of Yue Goujian entered the vassal of Wu. Wu Wang was ill, Gou Jian used Fan Li's strategy, entered the palace to ask about the disease, tasted Wu Wang feces to diagnose the condition, Wu Wang Xi, Gou Jian was pardoned and returned to Vietnam.

Gou Jian endured humiliation and burden, and tasted courage on his back, completely deviating from the traditional concept of personality, and unscrupulous means to achieve the goal.

The winner is the king, and the loser is the villain, there is no righteousness or injustice, only victory or invincibility. The rise of the traditional aristocracy against the courtesy, although the world is declining, but the material progress is called the golden age.

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